• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.231-237
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• 2013

This study aimed to assess the attraction effect against Lycorma delicatula and antioxidant activity of hexane, chloroform, butanol and water fraction obtained from Ailanthus altissima methanol extract. The attraction effect of chloroform fraction showed the highest activity (47%) as compared to that of other fractions. In the DPPH radical scavenging activity, methanol and butanol fraction showed higher antioxidant activity than other solvent fractions. From the above results, the potential chloroform fraction was further performed by local irritation test in New Zealand white rabbits. In eye irritation test, chloroform fraction showed moderate irritant at high concentration 0.5 g/site/mL, but there was no eye irritation at low concentration (0.05 g/site/mL). In accordance with the Draize evaluation of skin irritation, the primary irritation index was calculated to 3.3 and 0.68 at high (0.5 g/site/mL) and low concentration (0.05 g/site/mL) causing moderate and mild irritation, respectively. On the basis of this study, Ailanthus altissima chloroform fraction could be safely considered to be a candidate of attractant against Lycorma delicatula.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.921-926
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential hypolipidemic effect of adlay extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Fifty six rats were fed either a control diet or adlay extract diets of : Methanol 1%(Ml%) ; Methanol 2%(M2%) ; Methanol 4%(M4%) ; Chloroform-Methanol 1%(CMl%) ; Chloroform-Methanol 2%(CM2%) ; Chloroform-Methanol 4%(CM4%) for 3 weeks. The amount of extracts added was 1%, 2% or 4% by diet weight respectively. The levels of glucose, total cholesterol(TC), high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), free-fatty acid(FFA) and triglyceride(TG) in plasma, liver and skeletal muscle were compared. Among diabetic rats, there were no significant differences in the plasma level of glucose and TC regardless of a different extraction procedure or different amount of extracts added. While the plasma 7G level tended to increase with times passed in diabetic control group, was not increased with times passed in CM groups and was significantly lower in CM groups at 3rd week. Compared to the diabetic control group, the levels of FFA tended to be lower in all M groups and were not different in all CM groups. The levels of HDL-cholesterol were not different in all M groups and were significantly lower in all CM groups than diabetic control group. Compared to diabetic control group, liver triglyceride level was lower in M4% group and no significant difference was seen in Ml%, M2% and all CM groups. Muscle triglyceride level tended to be lower in Ml%, M2% and CM2% group and significantly was lower in M4% and CM4% group. Thus, it can be suggested that a CM extract of adllay could have a potential hypotriglyceridemic effect on diabetic subjects. (Korean J Nutrition 31(5) : 921∼926, 1998)

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 2012

Physiological activities of hot water extract and solvent fractions isolated from Astragalus membranaceus were examined and the antioxidative, fibrinolytic, thrombin inhibitory and a-glucosidase inhibitory activity were measured. The hot water extract of Astragalus membranaceus was fractionated into hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water fractions, and each of these fractions was individually assayed. The antioxidative activities of ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions were 89.96% and 87.36%, respectively. Using the fibrin plate method, only the hot water extract showed a plasmin activity of 0.41 units/ml. The thrombin inhibitory activity of the ethyl acetate fraction was the highest with a value of 82.73%. The hot water extract displayed a-glucosidase inhibitory activity of 64.91%. In conclusion, the hot water extract and the ethyl acetate fraction can be used as materials for the development of biofunctional foods to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.617-620
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• 1993

To Study an ichthyotoxicity of Zanthoxylum piperitum DC (Chopi) against fish(Misgurnus anguillicaudatus), the bark of Chopi was extracted with water, methanol and chloroform. The ichthyotoxicities of each extract were found in order of MeOH extract, $H_2O$ extract, dried-powder of Chopi and $CHCI_3$ extract. The active compound was isolated from the MeOH extract by silica gel column chromatography, HPLC and recrystalization, successively, and it was identified to be L-asarinin by the comparison of UV, GC-Mass and LC-Mass data.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 1984

The possible effects of garlic (Aliium sativurn L.) extract on growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus R- 716 were investigated. Various solvent extracts of garlic strongly inhibited growth and sporulation by Aspergillus parasiticus R-716, and effective solvents used for extraction of garlic were chloroform, benzene, and water-chloroform. The growth and aflatoxin production decreased with the increase in extract concentration, and extract equivalent 1.5g of raw garlic weight in 25ml SLS medium completely inhibited, and at a level of 1.25g garlic, total aflatoxin was reduced 64% (472 ${\mu}g$/25ml) of that produced in the control (1, 352 ${\mu}g$/25 ml). During cultivation inhibitory rate of growth was reduced from 89.1% to 40% and aflatoxin $B_2$, $G_1$ production increased with the laps of time. Especially garlic extract appeared to have a stimulatory effect on lipid accumulation on the contrary aflatoxin production.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial activity of Ginkgo biloba L. leaves, seed and outer seedcoat against bacteria. Antimicrobial effects of Ginkgo biloba L. leaves (GBL), seed (GBS) and outer seedcoat (GBO) were examined by paper disc method and optical density method to determine minimum inhibition concentration (MIC), and observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) to figure out the morphological change on the surface when Ginkgo biloba leaves extract was treated. The extracts of GBL, GBS and GBO were extracted by solvents such as methanol, ethanol, water. The methanol extract of GBL and GBO showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella Typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Yersinia enterocolitica except Escherichia coli and thus was further fractionated. The MICs of the chloroform fraction of GBL methanol extract were $125{\mu}g$/mL against B. subtilis, and L. monocytogenes; GBO methanol extract were $62.5{\mu}g$/mL against B. cereus and $125{\mu}g$/mL against B. subtilis, and L. monocytogenes. The microorganisms were treated with chloroform extracts ($2000{\mu}g$/mL) of GBL and GBO methanol extracts. It was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The cells were expanded and a part of cell wall was completely destructed by GBL and GBO. Thus Ginkgo biloba L. leaves and outer seedcoat could be further developed into a natural antimicrobial agent.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2004

The antimicrobial substances from Rhodiola sachalinensis were extncted, isolated and identified. The highest level of antimicrobial activity and its yield were obtained in methanol extract. The minimum inhibition concentrations of the methanol extract were 500 $\mu\textrm{g}$mL on agar plate and 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$mL in broth media for four gram positive and four gram negative microbials. The methanol extract was fractionated by n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and butanol, orderly. The separate was developed on the TLC plate with different solvent system ratio of chloroform and methanol. Nine substances were isolated from chloroform and methanol mixture(9:1, v/v). Among them, three isolates showed antimicrobial activity. Three substances separated by HPLC were identified by GC/MS(EI) spectrum and $^1$H, /sup13/C-NMR spectrum. They were gallic acid, (-)-epicatechin and kaempferol. The antimicrobial activities of each substances were shown gallic acid, (-)-epicatechin, kaempferol orderly.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.467-473
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate the antioxidant effect of 80% ethanol extracts from Pimpinella brachycarpa in vitro. The extraction yields of 80% ethanol extract was 9.23 g/100 g. The extract was further fractionated subsequently by n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, n-butanol and water. Water fraction showed the highest extraction yield among fractions. Antioxidative activities of different fractions were examined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical generation, Rancimat test, thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value, nitrite scavenging activity, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and peroxide value in linoleic acid in comparison with the commercial antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Antioxidant activities of n-hexane fraction of Pimpinella brachycarpa ethanol extract were the highest among fractions. Furthermore, the antioxidative capacity of the n-hexane fraction was similar to that of BHT.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.167-171
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• 2005

The anticancer and apoptotic effect of chloroform extract from 24 month-fermented doenjang were investigated in AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells. The chloroform extract of 24 month-fermented doenjang inhibited the AGS gastric cancer cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. It has been confirmed by observing the cell distribution under inverted microscope. Approximately, 48 hour treatment of $100\;{\mu}g/mL$ doenjang extract inhibited AGS cancer cell growth by $76.7\%$, respectively. The growth inhibition may be caused by apoptosis of AGS cancer cells after 48 hour treatment of 24 month-fermented doenjang extract. It has been demonstrated by cell cycle arrest that revealed the shift from $G_2+M\;to\;G_0+G_1$ phase and the formation of apoptotic bodies. The fermentation period playa critical role in cell cycle arrest, in which 24 month-fermented doenjang extract was more effective than 12 month-fermented doenjang extract. The treatment of 24 month-fermented doenjang extract for 48 hours has induced intercellular Bax and decreased Bcl-2 level, indicating that it may regulate the expression level of Bax/Bcl-2 proteins. Thus, 24 month-fermented doenjang extract seems to have anticancer effect via cancer cell growth inhibition induced by apoptosis process.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.687-691
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate the taste composition and biological activities of cheonggukjang containing Rubus coreanum to improve cheonggukjangs' flavor and consumption. In R. corenum cheonggukjang (RCC), the total content of soluble sugars, including glucose, fructose, maltose, and sucrose, was 1,052.1 mg/100 g. Glutamic acid, phenlylalanine, leucine, cystine, and tyrosine were the major amino acids, and the ratio of sweet to bitter components was higher in RCC than in general cheonggukjang (GC). The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities of the extracts, in decreasing order, were found to be: ethanol extract> water extract> chloroform extract, at all concentrations. The water extract had the highest SOD-like activity (10.2%) at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL, whereas the chloroform extract showed the highest SOD-like activity (19.1%) at a concentration of 2 mg/mL. The nitrite scavenging ability was higher at pH 1.2 than at pH 3.0 or 6.0, and had a positive correlation with the extract concentration. The chloroform extract had the highest nitrite scavenging ability (84.6%) at a concentration of 2 mg/mL and pH 2.0.