• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2002

The inhibitory effects of persimmon leaves on th e mutagenicity in spore rec assay and on the growth of HT-29 human colon cancer cells and AZ-521 human gastric cancer cells were studied. Methanol extract of persimmon leaves inhibited the mutagenicity induced fly N-methyl- N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) in spore rec assay. The hexane, chloroform and ethylacetate fraction from the methanol extract exhibited strong antimutagenicity against MNNG in spore rec assay The methanol extract of persimmon leaves also revealed the inhibitory effects on the growth of HT-29 human colon cancer cells and AZ-521 human gastric cancer cells. Among the solvent extracted fraction from the methanol extract, the chloroform fraction was most effective and inhibited the growth of HT-29 and AZ-521 cells by 100 percent.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.21 no.3 s.87
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• pp.319-325
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• 2005

This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial effect of the Forsythiae Fructus extracts against food-borne pathogens. First, Forsythiae Fructus was extracted with methanol at room temperature and the methanol extracts were fractionated by using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The antimicrobial activity of the Forsythiae Fructus extracts was determined by using a paper disc method against food-borne pathogens and food spoilage bacteria. The methanol extracts of Forsythiae Fructus showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Salmonella paratryphimurium and Salmonella typhimurium. A synergistic effect in inhibition was observed when Forsythiae Fructus extract was mixed with Ulmus davidiana Japonica extract as compared to each extract alone. Finally, the growth inhibition curves were determined by using ethyl acetate extracts of Forsythiae Fructus against Shigella flexneri and Salmonella paratyphimurium. The aqueous extract of Forsythiae Fructus had strong antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis at the concentration of 10,000 ppm. At this concentration, the growth of Shigella fexneri was retarded for more than 24 hours and for up to 12 hours for Staphylococcus epidermidis. In conclusion, the methanol extracts of Forsythiae Fructus efficiently inhibited Staphylococcus epidermidis and Shigella flexneri.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.113-121
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• 2005

Antimicrobial effects of Camellia japonica L. were determined against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes using paper disc method, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were measured. Methanol extract (MEex), water fraction (WAfr), and butanol fraction(BUfr) showed antimicrobial effects against all tested microorganisms, with MEex showing strong antimicrobial effect against S. aureus and L. monocytogenes, and WAfr, Bufr, and ethylacetate fraction (EAfr)against S. aureus. No effects were observed in n-hexane fraction (HEfr) and chloroform fraction (CHfr) against all tested microorganisms. All species grown in the medium adding fractions of Camellia Japonica L. leaves extact were inhibited from WAfr and BUfr, repectively.(meaning not clear) MEex showed over 25% inhibitory effect against all tested microorganisms. BUfr showed over 50% inhibitory effect against all microorganisms except L. monocytogenes. EAfr and WAfr showed over 30% effect against S. aureus and L. monocytogenes. MICs of MEex against S. typhimurium and BUfr against S. aureus were 625 g/mL, indicating C. japonica L. extract can exert antimicrobial activity even at low concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.8
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• pp.961-966
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• 2006

This study was worked out to investigate antioxidant activity of solvent extracts from wild grape skin by measuring electron donating ability (EDA), reducing power, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and nitrite scavenging ability. Total phenolic compound and flavonoids contents were the highest in ethyl acetate extract, $54.4{\pm}1.18\;mg/100\;g$ and $645.1{\pm}5.05\;mg/100\;g$, respectively. The EDA and reducing power of solvent extracts from wild grape skin were proportionally increased with concentration and ethyl acetate extract $(79.2{\pm}0.06%)$ showed the stronger than BHT $(74.1{\pm}0.15%)$ at concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/mL$, especially. SOD-like ability of ethyl acetate $(25.1{\pm}0.41%)$ and butanol $(20.2{\pm}0.13%)$ extracts were stronger than other extracts at concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/mL$. TBARS of ethyl acetate extract was higher than ascorbic acid. Nitrite scavenging ability of solvent extracts from wild grape skin (pH 2.5, $1000\;{\mu}g/mL$) were in order of ethyl acetate $(90.5{\pm}0.75%)$>butanol $(65.9{\pm}2.16%)$>hexane $(58.1{\pm}1.74%)$>chloroform $(55.4{\pm}1.02%)$>water $(40.9{\pm}0.35%)$. Antioxidant activity of solvent extracts from wild grape skin was the highest in ethyl acetate extract from the results of our experiments.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the antioxidant effect of 80% (v/v) ethanol extract from Chaenomelis Fructus (CF). Total flavonoids and total polyphenols in the extract were also measured spectrophotometrically. The extraction yield was 9.23g/100g CF. The extract was further fractionated by partition with n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol, and water. The water fraction showed the highest extraction yield of all fractions. The n-hexane method and compared with the properties of the commerical antioxidant BHT. The activities of the n-hexane fraction were the highest of all fractions. In addition, there was strong positive correlation between antioxidant activities and levels of antioxidative compounds, such as flavonoid and polyphenols, in CF fractions, suggesting that these antioxidative compounds may contribute to the antioxidative effect of CF.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.33 no.1 s.94
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• pp.21-29
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• 2007

Paeonia lactiflora was stepwise extracted with hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water. Anti-microbial activity of each extract was investigated. Methanol extract of P. lactiflora revealed anti-microbial activity against S. mutans, C. albicans, and S. aureus. Also, hexane fraction revealed anti-bacterial activity against S. mutans and ethyl acetate fraction acted as potent anti-microbial agent on C. albicans and S. aureus. The relative growth ratio(RGR) of hexane fraction of P. lactiflora against S. mutans were determined as 77.8% in concentration of 0.125 mg/ml, 98.46% in 0.25 mg/ml and 100% in 0.5 mg/ml. The ethyl acetate fraction of P. lactiflora revealed RGR against C. albicans as 52.5% in concentration of 0.125 mg/ml, 60.83% in 0.25 mg/ml and 78.33% in 0.5 mg/ml. It indicate that increasing concentration increase RGR. The measured minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) of hexane fraction on S. mutans KCTC 5316 strain was 0.5 mg/ml and MIC of ethyl acetate fraction on C. albicans KCTC 7270 was 2.0 mg/ml. The experiment of inhibition to growth of KB roll(oral squamous cell carcinoma) result 61.9% in butanol, 76.7% in hexane extract of P. lactiflora. The hexane extract exhibit potent inhibition effect to the growth of KB cell. These results suggest that the hexane extract of Paeonia lactiflora has antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and has preventive effect to dental caries in addition to potent inhibition to KB cell growth.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 2007

Artemisia capillaris THUNB is a perennial herb that belongs to the family Compositae spp and the most common plant among the various herbal folk remedies used in treatment of abdominal pain, hepatitis, chronic liver disease, jaundice and coughing in Korea. In this study, antimicrobial effects of Artemisia capillaris extracts on the food poisoning bacteria were investigated for further clinical application, which is an alternative for the use of antibiotics and their unexpected resistance. Artemisia capillaris extract using ethyl acetate showed the highest antimicrobial effects on S. enteritidis, E. coli O157 : H7, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus. The chloroform extract showed strong effects on all kinds of bacteria; whereas ethanol and methanol extracts showed weaker effects. Finally, ether and water extracts showed the weakest effects under the same conditions. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ethyl acetate extract was 1 mg/mL for E. coli O157 : H7 and L. monocytogenes, and 2 mg/mL for S. enteritidis and S. aureus. The inhibitory effects on all the bacteria continued for 12 hours after incubation using 20 mg/mL and 30 mg/mL of ethyl acetate extract. The inhibitory effects continued maximally for 72 hours. The results of these studies indicate Artemisia capillaris extract exhibited excellent antimicrobial and inhibitory effects on the food poisoning pathogenic bacteria; S. enteritidis, E. coli O157 : H7, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.774-781
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• 2015

The objective of the present study was to determine the total phenol and flavonoid contents and to evaluate the antioxidant potential, of different solvent extracts (ethyl acetate, n-butanol, chloroform, and water) from Robus idaeus in various radical scavenging models (DPPH activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, reducing power, and nitrite scavenging activity), along with their antimicrobial potential. Measurement of total phenol and flavonoid content of the ethyl acetate extract of R. idaeus was found to be significantly higher than those of the other extracts. The ethyl acetate extract (at a concentration of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$) showed significantly higher reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activity as compared to the other extracts. Results were dose-dependent. Moreover, the ethyl acetate extract of R. idaeus ($1,000{\mu}g/mL$) showed potent antioxidant efficacy ($85.5{\pm}1.18%$) as evidenced by nitrite scavenging ability at pH 1.2. All solvent extracts of R. idaeus showed lower SOD-like activity (13.72~20.54%). In addition, the antimicrobial activity of all solvent extracts except water extract showed strong inhibition (inhibitory zones in mm) of Staphylococcus aureus ($19.40{\pm}1.00mm$) and Bacillus cereus ($20.50{\pm}0.21mm$) growth. In particular, ethyl acetate extracts (100 mg/mL) showed antimicrobial activity comparable to that of tetracycline (0.01 mg/mL), which was used as a positive control. The results of this study indicate that the ethyl acetate extract of R. idaeus is a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial, with enriched phenols and flavonoids concentration, that has potential in the development of health-enhancing food products.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.418-426
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• 2015

Total phenol contents, total flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of 70% methanol, 70% ethanol and chloroform-methanol (CM, 2:1, v/v) extracts from onion (Allium cepa L.) peels were studied. The $IC_{50}$ values of DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical and ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt] radical scavenging activity in 70% ethanol extract were remained to be lowest followed by 70% methanol extract and CM extract. And the total phenol content ($113.56{\pm}0.86mg\;CAE/g$), total flavonoid content (49.63 mg QE/g) and ferric reducing antioxidant power value were also found to be the highest. In contrast, 70% methanol extract possessed the strongest antioxidant activity by ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching assay. CM extract displayed the lowest antioxidant activity compared with other extracts. Onion peels exhibited strong antioxidant activity and abundant phytochemicals, which could be used in a various food products to add phytochemicals and promote good health.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.113-118
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• 2007

The brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients are characterized by large deposits of amyloid beta peptide ($A{\beta}$). $A{\beta}$ is known to increase free radical production in nerve cells, leading to cell death that is characterized by lipid peroxidation, free radical formation, protein oxidation, and DNA/RNA oxidation. In this study, we selected an extract of Gardenia jasminoides by screening, and investigated its ameliorating effects on $A{\beta}$-induced oxidative stress using PC12 cells. The effects of the extract were evaluated using the 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) assay and the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. To find the active component, the ethanol extract was partitioned with hexane, chloroform, and ethyl acetate, respectively, and the active component was purified by silica-gel column chromatography and HPLC. The results suggested that Gardenia jasminoides extract can reduce the cytotoxicity of $A{\beta}$ in PC 12 cells, possibly by reducing oxidative stress.