• 약학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.212-218
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• 2008

Manganese is a naturally occurring element which is widespread in the environment. Also, manganese is an essential trace element and plays a key role in important biological reactions catalyzed by enzymes. However, exposure to high levels of manganese can cause toxicity in neurone and inhalation system, also damage in various tissues. We investigated the toxicity induced by manganese compound ($MnCl_2$) in cultured rat cardiomyocytes. Treatment of manganese to cultured cardiomyocyte led to cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase, and cytosolic caspase-3 activation. The ROS increase was related with the decreased level of glutathione. Expressions of ROS related genes such as heme oxygenase-1, thioredoxin reductase, and NADH quinone oxidase were significantly induced in manganese treated cells. These results suggest that manganese induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, and may be the one of risk factors to cause heart dysfunction in vivo.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2021

The rejection of sodium chloride (NaCl) and calcium chloride (CaCl2) single salt solutions were carried out for commercial nanofiltration NFDK membrane. Results showed that the NFDK membrane had a negative surface charge and had a higher observed rejection of 93.65% for calcium (Ca2+) ion and 78.27% for sodium (Na+) ions. Prediction of rejection for aqueous solutions of both salts was made using Donnan Steric Pore Model based on Extended Nernst-Planck Equation in addition to concentration polarization film theory. A MATLAB program was developed to execute the model calculations. Absolute Average Relative Error (% AARE) was found below 5% for real rejection of the NFDK membrane. This research could be used successfully to assess the membrane characterization parameter using a proposed procedure which can reduce the number of experiments.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2022년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.43-44
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• 2022

In this study, the optimum amount of chloride ions is used to collaborate with hybrid corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel rebar treatment in simulated pore concrete (SCP) solution is discovered. The corrosion inhibition performance of hybrid inhibitors is carried on by open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization (PP). The highest corrosion inhibition resistance is found in case of LP-C2 after 240 h exposure. Surface studies including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to figure out the surface morphology of the steel rebar treated with hybrid inhibitors in order to collaborate well with electrochemical studies. Anodic type inhibition action was confirmed by potentiodynamic polarization study.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.996-999
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• 2011

This experiment was performed to investigate whether the combined-preparation of crude drugs (The $Well^{TM}$ Preparation, TW), has hypnotic effects and/or enhances pentobarbital-induced sleep behaviors. TW was mixed with water extracts of Ginseng Radix red, Germinated brown rice, cultured mountain ginseng, and 50% ethanol extracts of Longanae Arillus, Nelumbinis Folium and Chrysanthemi Flos. TW (100 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced sleep onset and prolonged sleep time induced by pentobarbital similar to muscimol (0.2 ${\mu}M$), a $GABA_A$ receptor agonist. Also, TW (2 ${\mu}g$/ml) and pentobarbital (2.5 ${\mu}M$) did not affect the chloride influx in primary cultured cerebellar granule cells, respectively, but the combined-treatment of TW (2 ${\mu}g$/ml) and pentobarbital (2.5 ${\mu}M$) increased the chloride influx onto the cells. In conclusion, TW augments pentobarbital-induced sleep behaviors; these effects may result from chloride channel activation.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.211-216
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• 2018

흡착과 막을 융합시킨 분리기술은 수처리와 같은 환경 분야에서 많은 응용이 기대된다. 이 융합기술에 막분리 공정에서 문제가 되는 막 fouling을 억제시키기 위해 막표면에 카본휘스커를 성장시킨 기능성 카본막을 개발하였다. 본 연구에서는 기능성 카본막의 제조 Mechanism을 밝히기 위해, 각각의 혼합비율인 폴리머라텍스로 전처리를 하고 CVD(Chemical Vapor Deposing)법에 따라 막을 제조하였다. 이 막을 주사전자현미경(Scanning Electron Microscope(SEM)), CHN분석기(Elemental Analyzer), X-선회절법(X-Ray Diffraction(XRD))으로 분석하였다. 그 결과 3번막(PVdC(PolyVinyl di-Chloride):PVC(Polyvinly Chloride)=4.5:55)의 경우가 카본휘스커의 직경과 밀도가 높았다. 이것은 폴리머라텍스의 수소함유량에 따라 카본휘스커의 직경과 밀도를 조절하는 것이 가능할 것으로 보인다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1385-1390
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• 2010

Repeated additions of untreated slurry to soil affected ecology and caused high levels of heavy metal in soil and ground water. The objective of this study was to evaluate heavy metal from hanwoo slurry with ferrous sulfate ($FeSO_4{\cdot}7H_2O$), aluminum sulfate [$Al_2(SO_4)_3{\cdot}14H_2O$, alum] and aluminum chloride ($AlCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$) as a way to improve environmental management in hanwoo industry. The treatment rates, which were incorporated totally within the hanwoo slurry, were 1.0 g and 1.5 g of ferrous sulfate, alum and aluminum chloride/25 g of hanwoo slurry. The various rates of chemical additives significantly increased dry matter (9.98~13.94%) and decreased pH (3.48~6.52) compared with the controls. The use of chemical additives decreased Fe (11~29%), Al (7~12%), Zn (13~36%), and Cu (4~32%) contents, except for Fe in hanwoo slurry with ferrous sulfate and Al in hanwoo slurry with alum and aluminum chloride. In addition, the reduction in heavy metal should be associated with reduction in pH. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that alum and aluminum chloride additives at rate of 1.5 g were cost-effective management practice that significantly reduces heavy metal from hanwoo slurry, while it may be improved environmental management.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.143-152
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 콘크리트내로 침투하는 염소이온을 모니터링하기 위하여, 스크린프리트 기법으로 염소이온 반응형 부식센서를 개발하고, 센서의 세선 수가 부식반응도 및 민감도에 미치는 영향을 실험을 통하여 정량적으로 분석하였다. 개발된 부식센서를 이용하여 염소이온량에 따라 부식 반응도을 확인하였으며, 센서의 파괴정도에 따른 저항변화에서는 단선형 센서보다 다선형 센서에서 큰 저항 변화를 나타내었다. 또한, 부식센서는 NaCl 수용액의 농도가 높은 만큼 센서의 저항변화가 크고, 콘크리트 내에서 센서 종류에 따른 부식저항은 단선형보다 다선형에서 민감도가 높게 나타났으며, 센서의 매설깊이가 클수록 저항변화 사이클 (cycle)은 증가하였다. 이상의 결과로, 본 연구에서 개발된 부식센서는 염분에 대한 부식반응과 민감도, 저항의 변화를 감지할 수 있었으며, 특히 7세선이 우수한 결과를 나타내어, 염분의 침투정도를 모니터링 하는데 가장 적합하다고 판단된다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.449-457
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• 2021

The sleep-wake cycle is regulated by the alternating activity of sleep- and wake-promoting neurons. The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) secretes 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin), promoting wakefulness. Melatonin secreted from the pineal gland also promotes wakefulness in rats. Our laboratory recently demonstrated that daily changes in nitric oxide (NO) production regulates a signaling pathway involving with-no-lysine kinase (WNK), Ste20-related proline alanine rich kinase (SPAK)/oxidative stress response kinase 1 (OSR1), and cation-chloride co-transporters (CCC) in rat DRN serotonergic neurons. This study was designed to investigate the effect of melatonin on NO-regulated WNK-SPAK/OSR1-CCC signaling in wake-inducing DRN neurons to elucidate the mechanism underlying melatonin's wake-promoting actions in rats. Ex vivo treatment of DRN slices with melatonin suppressed neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression and increased WNK4 expression without altering WNK1, 2, or 3. Melatonin increased phosphorylation of OSR1 and the expression of sodium-potassium-chloride co-transporter 1 (NKCC1), while potassium-chloride co-transporter 2 (KCC2) remained unchanged. Melatonin increased the expression of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2, serotonin-synthesizing enzyme). The present study suggests that melatonin may promote its wakefulness by modulating NO-regulated WNK-SPAK/OSR1-KNCC1 signaling in rat DRN serotonergic neurons.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2009

Objectives : In this study, the effects of different fractions isolated from modified Boyanghwanotang(mBHT) extract on LPS-induced inflammation in BV2 microglial cells were investigated. Methods : mBHT was extracted with water, and then fractionated with n-hexane, methylene chloride, ethylacetate and n-butanol. BV2 cells, a mouse microglia line were incubated with different concentrations of each fraction of mBHT for 30 min, and then stimulated with LPS for 24 h. Cell toxicity was determined by MTT assay. The concentration of nitric oxide (NO) was measured in culture medium by Griess reagent assay. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthease (iNOS) protein was determined by Western blot. Results : Four fractions of mBHT were significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO productions in BV2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The methylene chloride fraction of mBHT was most strongly inhibited the NO production compared with those of the others. The methylene chloride fraction of mBHT was also suppressed LPS-induced iNOS expression comparison of other fractions at same concentration ($50\;{\mu}g/ml$) in BV2 cells. Conclusions : The results showed that the methylene chloride fraction of mBHT may have an strong anti-inflammatory property through the inhibition of NO production and iNOS expression in activated microglia, and could a therapeutic potential for the treatment of various brain inflammatory diseases.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.98-102
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 이산화염소수를 이용한 계사 내 깔짚의 미생물 수 저감화를 통한 깔짚의 미생물학적 안전성 확보를 위하여 연구를 수행하였다. 사용하기 전의 깔짚에는 coliform, E. coli, Listeria spp., yeasts and molds 및 total aerobic bacteria가 높은 수준으로 검출되었으며 사용기간이 늘어남에 따라 미생물 수가 증가하였다. 500 ppm 이산화염소수를 이용한 살균처리에서는 coliform, E. coli, Listeria spp., yeasts and molds, total aerobic bacteria 및 Salmonella spp.의 균수가 모든 깔짚 시료에서 처리횟수에 따라 유의적으로 감소하였다. 사용하지 않은 깔짚에서는 coliform, E. coli, Listeria spp., yeasts and molds 및 total aerobic bacteria 수가 각각 4.47, 1.29, 1.23, 3.24 및 5.2 log CFU/g로 감소하였고, 1주 및 5주 사용한 깔짚의 경우도 모든 미생물 수가 현저하게 감소하였다. 따라서 본 연구 결과, 이산화염소수를 이용한 계사 내 깔짚의 미생물 수 저감화 방법이 도계된 계육의 미생물학적 안전성을 향상시키기 위한 방법으로 적합하다고 판단된다.