• 제목/요약/키워드: chloride ingress time

검색결과 28건 처리시간 0.03초

Probabilistic time-dependent sensitivity analysis of HPC bridge deck exposed to chlorides

  • Ghosh, Pratanu;Konecny, Petr;Lehner, Petr;Tikalsky, Paul J.
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.305-313
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    • 2017
  • A robust finite element based reinforced concrete bridge deck corrosion initiation model is applied for time-dependent probabilistic sensitivity analysis. The model is focused on uncertainties in the governing parameters that include variation of high performance concrete (HPC) diffusion coefficients, concrete cover depth, surface chloride concentration, holidays in reinforcements, coatings and critical chloride threshold level in several steel reinforcements. The corrosion initiation risk is expressed in the form of probability over intended life span of the bridge deck. Conducted study shows the time-dependent sensitivity analysis to evaluate the significance of governing parameters on chloride ingress rate, various steel reinforcement protection and the corrosion initiation likelihood. Results from this probabilistic analysis provide better insight into the effect of input parameters variation on the estimate of the corrosion initiation risk for the design of concrete structures in harsh chloride environments.

해안 환경 하에 있는 콘크리트 구조물의 시간의존적 염화물침투 평가 (Time Dependent Chloride Transport Evaluation of Concrete Structures Exposed to Marine Environment)

  • 송하원;백승우;안기용
    • 콘크리트학회논문집
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    • 제19권5호
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    • pp.585-593
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구에서는 해안 환경에 노출된 콘크리트 구조물의 내구성 평가에 대한 모델을 표면 염소이온농도 $(C_s)$의 시간에 대한 증가와 염소이온 확산계수 (D) 및 임계염소이온농토 $(C_{lim})$를 고려하여 제안하였다. 또한 콘크리트 구조물의 정밀한 내구수명 예측을 위하여 $C_s$와 D의 시간의존성이 고려되었으며, 시간에 따라 변화하는 $C_s$를 고려한 Fick의 제2법칙의 정밀해를 구하였다. $C_s$의 시간의존성에 대해서는, 기존 실험 결과를 바탕으로 시간에 대한 대수 함수 형태의 $C_s$ 모델을 제안하였으며, D의 시간의존성을 고려하기 위하여 구조물의 전체 노출 기간에 대한 시간의 평균값을 적용하였다. 또한 염해 환경 하에 있는 철도 구조물이 100년의 내구 수명을 보장할 수 있도록 하기 위해, 본 논문에서 제안된 모델과 시방서 기준에 근거하여 내구성 설계를 수행하였다. 제안된 모델은 유럽에서 널리 사용되고 있는 성능 중심의 설계 기법에 의해 검증되었으며, 이로부터 기존의 시방서 설계기준은 해안 환경에 노출된 콘크리트 구조물의 내구 성능을 과소 평가하여 매우 보수적인 설계결과를 유발하고 있음을 알 수 있다. $C_s$와 D의 시간의존성을 고려한 본 모델은 기존 시방기준의 이러한 문제점을 개선하여 염해를 받는 콘크리트 구조물의 내구수명을 정확하고 합리적으로 평가할 수 있을 것이다.

에노드형 방청제를 콘크리트중 철근의 부식 억제효과 (Corrosion Protection of Rebar in Concrete Using the Anodic Inhibitor)

  • 문한영;김성수;김홍삼;안기용
    • 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국콘크리트학회 1998년도 가을 학술발표논문집(II)
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    • pp.229-232
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    • 1998
  • Recently it has become general to use the inhibitor with a view to protecting corrosion of rebars in concrete. As the inhibitors used in construction works are almost made in America or Japan, we immediately need to begin home production of inhibitors. In this paper, to estimate the domestic anodic inhibitor of nitrite in comparison with foreign made inhibitor we made some fundamental experiments of setting time, slump and compressive strength. Besides, we analysed the effect of corrosion protection of inhibitor on the ground of corrosion current, resistance to chloride penetration and diffusion of chloride ingress in concrete.

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Correlation between chloride-induced corrosion initiation and time to cover cracking in RC Structures

  • Hosseini, Seyed Abbas;Shabakhty, Naser;Mahini, Seyed Saeed
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • 제56권2호
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    • pp.257-273
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    • 2015
  • Numerical value of correlation between effective parameters in the strength of a structure is as important as its stochastic properties in determining the safety of the structure. In this article investigation is made about the variation of coefficient of correlation between effective parameters in corrosion initiation time of reinforcement and the time of concrete cover cracking in reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Presence of many parameters and also error in measurement of these parameters results in uncertainty in determination of corrosion initiation and the time to crack initiation. In this paper, assuming diffusion process as chloride ingress mechanism in RC structures and considering random properties of effective parameters in this model, correlation between input parameters and predicted time to corrosion is calculated using the Monte Carlo (MC) random sampling. Results show the linear correlation between corrosion initiation time and effective input parameters increases with increasing uncertainty in the input parameters. Diffusion coefficient, concrete cover, surface chloride concentration and threshold chloride concentration have the highest correlation coefficient respectively. Also the uncertainty in the concrete cover has the greatest impact on the coefficient of correlation of corrosion initiation time and the time of crack initiation due to the corrosion phenomenon.

광물질 혼화재가 콘크리트의 염화물 확산계수에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Mineral Admixture on Coefficient of Chloride Diffusion in Concrete)

  • 김명유;양은익;민석홍;심상배;최중철;이광교
    • 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국콘크리트학회 2003년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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    • pp.281-284
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    • 2003
  • When concrete structures are exposed under marine condition for a long time, the steel in concrete is corroded due to the ingression of chlorides in the sea water. Because the damages of corrosion resulting from the chloride ion are very serious, many research have been performed. In this study, it was experimentally investigated that the mechanical and diffusion characteristics of concrete substituted with ordinary portland cement, silica fume and blast furnace slag to investigate the chloride ingress characteristics with concrete quality. Chloride diffusion coefficients in concrete shows increasing tendency as w/c ratio increase. Also test results indicate that blend of admixture become lower chloride diffusion coefficients in concrete as compared with normal concrete.

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해양 폭로 환경에 따른 GGBFS 콘크리트의 겉보기 염화물 확산계수 비교 (The Comparison of Apparent Chloride Diffusion Coefficients in GGBFS Concrete Considering Sea Water Exposure Conditions)

  • 윤용식;정기찬;권성준
    • 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.18-27
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    • 2022
  • 본 연구에서는 해양 폭로 조건과 배합 사항을 고려하여 GGBFS 콘크리트의 시간의존적 염화물 확산 거동을 분석하였다. 사용 콘크리트 배합은 3 수준의 물-결합재 비 및 고로슬래그 미분말 치환률을 고려한 콘크리트 배합이며 노출 조건으로는 침지대, 간만대, 비말대 총 3 수준을 고려하여 옥외 폭로 시험을 수행하였다. 겉보기 염화물 확산계수 평가 결과, 고로슬래그 미분말의 치환률이 증가할수록 노출 기간 730일(2년)을 기준으로 평가한 확산계수의 감소율이 감소하였다. 또한 노출 조건에 따른 확산거동을 평가한 결과, 침지대, 간만대, 비말대 순으로 확산계수가 평가되었다. 비말대에서는 해수의 건습 반복으로 인해 비교적 높은 확산계수가 평가되었다. 본 연구에서는 고로슬래그 미분말 치환률이 겉보기 염화물 확산계수 감소 거동에 미치는 영향을 노출 조건 및 기간을 고려하여 분석하였다. 확산계수를 출력 값으로, 고로슬래그를 입력 값으로 설정한 선형 회귀분석을 수행하였으며, 노출 기간 730일 이후 고로슬래그 미분말이 확산계수에 미치는 영향이 크게 감소하였다. OPC 콘크리트라 할지라도 730일 이후 GGBFS 콘크리트 만큼 낮은 확산계수를 나타냈기 때문이며 고로슬래그 미분말의 사용을 통해 730일 이전에 뛰어난 초기 염해 내구성능 확보가 가능하다고 사료된다.

경화된 콘크리트의 상태에 따른 염화물 확산특성 비교 (Comparison of Diffusion Characteristic of Chloride According to the Condition of Hardened Concrete)

  • 임영문;양은익;민석홍
    • 한국안전학회지
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.89-94
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    • 2004
  • Most reinforcements in concrete are constructed by steel. Corrosion of reinforcement is the main cause of damage and early failure of reinforced concrete structures. The corrosion is mainly professed by the chloride ingress. In general, chloride in concrete can be discriminated by two components, total chloride and fire chloride. This paper provides a testing method on the coefficient of chloride diffusion in concrete and the relationship between total chloride and free chloride in concrete for the composition of predicting model on diffusion rate of chloride. In order to complete this predicting model, this study will use chloride penetration characteristic, diffusion coefficient and experiment of color change on silver nitrate solution. This predicting model is going to help that grasp special quality on salt content inclusion of concrete structure that is exposed in chloride environment. Accurate predicting model can be effectively used not only in selecting of repair time but also in preventing from various deteriorations.

Prediction of chloride ingress into saturated concrete on the basis of a multi-species model by numerical calculations

  • Nguyen, T.Q.;Baroghel-Bouny, V.;Dangla, P.
    • Computers and Concrete
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    • 제3권6호
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    • pp.401-422
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    • 2006
  • A multi-species model based on the Nernst-Planck equation has been developed by using a finite volume method. The model makes it possible to simulate transport due to an electrical field or by diffusion and to predict chloride penetration through water saturated concrete. The model is used in this paper to assess and analyse chloride diffusion coefficients and chloride binding isotherms. The experimental assessment of the effective chloride diffusion coefficient consists in measuring the chloride penetration depth by using a colorimetric method. The effective diffusion coefficient determined numerically allows to correctly reproduce the chloride penetration depth measured experimentally. Then, a new approach for the determination of chloride binding, based on non-steady state diffusion tests, is proposed. The binding isotherm is identified by a numerical inverse method from a single experimental total chloride concentration profile obtained at a given exposure time and from Freundlich's formula. In order to determine the initial pore solution composition (required as initial conditions for the model), the method of Taylor that describes the release of alkalis from cement and alkali sorption by the hydration products is used here. Finally, with these input data, prediction of total and water-soluble chloride concentration profiles has been performed. The method is validated by comparing the results of numerical simulations to experimental results obtained on various types of concretes and under different exposure conditions.

Influence of Curing-Form Material on the Chloride Penetration of Off-Shore Concrete

  • Park, Sangjun;Choi, Yeol
    • International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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    • 제6권4호
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    • pp.251-256
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    • 2012
  • This paper presents an experimental study on the pore and penetration of chloride in seashore concrete depending on types of curing forms. Three types of concretes (Plain concrete, MSF concrete and FA concrete) with four different form types (wood, coating wood, steel and polypropylene film) were examined. The test results show that the air volume in concrete was relatively higher with steel and polypropylene forms than others, and wood form shows the least air volume. The penetration of chloride depending on type of form is showed a wide variability, that is, the values on plain concrete, MSF concrete and FA concrete are 115.2, 125.5 and 121.6 %, respectively. Based on the present study, concrete should be considered the conditions of curing form-type for durable concrete.

구조물의 표면마감 특성이 해양콘크리트의 내구성에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Surface Material of Forms on Durability of Offshore Concrete)

  • 박상준
    • 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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    • 제12권6호
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    • pp.233-240
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구에서는 구조물의 표면마감 특성이 해양콘크리트의 공극 및 염화물 확산특성에 미치는 영향에 대하여 검토하였다. 콘크리트의 종류는 Plain과 함께 실리카퓸을 사용한 경우와 플라이애시를 사용한 콘크리트를 대상으로 하였고, 표면거푸집 종류로는 목재합판, 코팅합판, 철 및 폴리프로필렌 필름으로 하는 총 4 case를 대상으로 하였다. 검토결과, 공극은 콘크리트 시험체의 중앙부 절단면이 철이나 폴리프로필렌 필름을 사용한 경우에 비해 상대적으로 많은 공극량을 포함하는 것으로 나타난 반면, 목재 합판을 사용한 경우가 가장 적은 공극량을 포함하는 것으로 나타났다. 염화물 침투시기는 동일한 콘크리트라 할지라도 거푸집 종류에 따라 Plain 콘크리트의 경우는 최대 13.2%, MSF 콘크리트는 20.3%, FA 콘크리트는 17.7% 수준까지 상이하게 되는 것으로 평가되었다. 따라서 콘크리트의 내구성을 평가하는데 있어 콘크리트의 표면마감 특성에 대해서도 면밀히 검토되어야 한다는 것을 알 수 있었다.