• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.330-341
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• 2015

Purpose: This study developed a self-report measure for easy assessing of the health literacy of Asian immigrant women in South Korea. Methods: After a literature review, focus group interviews, and content validity evaluation, 14 preliminary items were generated. These were translated into Chinese, Vietnamese, and English. Data were collected from 229 Asian immigrant women. Validity and reliability tests were conducted. Results: Factor analysis yielded final 10 items in three factors: primary functional and interactive health literacy, secondary functional and interactive health literacy, and critical health literacy, which explained 61.90% of the total variance of health literacy. In known-group comparisons, health literacy was significantly lower in recent immigrants, those with a low education level, and those with low Korean language proficiency. For convergent validity, health literacy was positively associated with health specific self-efficacy and maternal health knowledge. For criterion-related validity, health literacy was positively associated with the REALM-SF. The overall reliability coefficient (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$) of the instrument was .773. Conclusion: The Health Literacy Assessment Scale for Asian Immigrant Women (HLAS) represents a multidimensional construct which encompasses functional, interactive, and critical health literacy. This self-report HLAS can be a useful and convenient method for appraising the health literacy of Asian immigrant women.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.73-87
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• 2012

국내에 중국인의 유입이 증가하면서 중국 이주민 거주지가 많이 생겨나고 있다. 이러한 이주민 거주지역은 도시내의 독특한 경관을 형성할 뿐 아니라 도시경관에 있어서 문화적 다양성이 드러나고 있다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 중국 이주민 거주지 내의 시장공간을 대상으로 문화경관을 해석하고자 한다. 연구대상지는 서울시 영등포구 대림동 중국 이주민 거주지내의 중앙시장으로 하였으며, 연구방법은 참여관찰법이다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약해 보면 다음과 같다. 중국인 상인들은 보행자 도로에 탄즈나 상품더미와 같은 개인의 물건을 놓고 거기서 상행위를 하고 있으며, 큰 규모의 차양을 설치하여 보행자 도로를 완전 점유함으로써 보행자 도로를 가게의 내부공간으로 변형시켰다. 또한 보행자 도로를 이용하는 행인들은 차량용 도로를 통해 이동하게 되어 차량용 도로가 자동차만의 공간일 뿐 아니라 보행자를 위한 공간으로 변형하게 되었다. 이러한 변화를 통하여 원상태의 공간분류인 건물 - 보행자 도로 - 차량용 도로에서 건물 - 보도 및 탄즈 겸용공간 - 차도 및 보도의 겸용공간으로 변형되었다. 중국인 거주자에 의해서 중앙시장의 공간의 이용행태는 원상태의 공간의 이용행태하고는 본질적으로 다르며, 공간 구분에서도 기존의 공간구분과는 다르다. 그리고 이러한 공간에 대하여 중국 이주자들이 어떻게 인지하는지를 살펴보면 먼저 중앙시장에서 상행위를 하는 중국상인은 가게공간에서 탄즈와 같은 중국식 시설물을 설치함으로써 공간을 이용하기가 편리한 공간으로 인식하고 있었다. 그리고 중앙시장을 이용하는 중국인 고객은 중앙시장을 중국의 음식이나 일상용품을 쉽게 구매할 수 있는 공간으로 생각하고 있었다. 또한 중앙시장의 경관이 중국현지 경관과 유사하다고 생각하고 있어 이 공간을 친근하고 익숙한 공간으로 생각하고 있었다. 이처럼 중앙시장은 중국인이 중심이 되는 소비의 공간이자 한국 안에 위치하는 작은 중국으로 생각하고 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 차이나타운의 건설 시 중국인 거주자의 입장에서 계획이 될 수 있도록 이론적 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다. 또한 참여관찰법을 통한 연구는 실질적이고 깊이 있는 정보를 현장에서 직접 수집하는 방법으로 조경분야에서도 정보를 수집하는데 방법론적 의미를 가질 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.197-212
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• 2016

Objectives : This study develops a salutogenic program and examines its effects on the sense of coherence, acculturative stress, and quality of life of married immigrant women. Methods : The salutogenic program was developed based on Antonovsky's Salutogenic Model, and the study design was a nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. The participants were married immigrant Chinese (n=30) and Vietnamese (n=31) women, who were assigned to either an experimental group (n=29) or a control group (n=32). The data were analyzed using the ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, Fisher's exact test, and repeated measures ANOVA, and the IBM SPSS for Windows (version 20.0) program was used to perform the analysis. Results : Compared to the control group, the sense of coherence (F=52.05, p <.001) and quality of life (F=6.95, p=.002) were significantly improved in the experimental group, and the acculturative stress (F=24.64, p<.001) in this group significantly decreased after implementing salutogenic program. Conclusions : These findings indicate that a salutogenic program is an effective intervention for married immigrant women. The study suggests that such programs can be applied to married immigrant women at public health or multicultural family support centers to improve their sense of coherence and quality of life.

• 한국인구학
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.1-26
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• 2008

이 연구의 주된 목적은 외국인 아내의 지위와 사회적 자본이 출산력에 미치는 영향을 중국, 베트남과 일본으로부터의 혼인이주자들을 대상으로 파악하기 위한 것이다. 소수집단의 지위와 이들이 지닌 사회적 자본이 사회경제적, 인구학적 변수들의 영향력을 통제한 후에도 출산력에 독립적 영향력을 행사한다는 주장을 검증하는데 분석의 초점이 맞추어졌다. 외국인 아내의 출산력 수준과 속도는 그들이 지닌 사회적으로 불리한 여건과 이주 후의 적응 수준을 반영하는 것으로 가정할 수 있다. 이 연구에서 한국에 거주하는 외국인 아내와 한국인 아내의 출산력을 비교분석하기 위하여 두 인구학적 조사의 원자료가 활용되었다. 이 연구의 분석결과는 한국에 거주하는 외국인 아내들이 한국인 아내들에 비해 자녀수가 적다는 것을 확인해준다. 출산간격 역시 한국인 아내보다 긴 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 외국인 아내의 사회적 자본이 클수록 출산행위를 촉진하는 효과가 있는 것으로 드러났다. 이주 후 현지 사회에의 통합과 동화의 수준이 높은 외국인 아내들 역시 상대적으로 자녀수가 많은 경향이 발견되었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.421-431
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• 2015

본 연구는 합리적기대에 의한 기대소득 격차를 반영한 Harris-Todaro 모형에 의해 한-중-일 3국간 잠재적 노동인구 이동을 분석하였다. 실증분석 결과에 의하면 한국의 노동시장은 노동인구 유입의 영향력이 약하고, 중국과 일본으로 양방향성의 노동인구 유출이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 중국의 노동시장은 노동인구의 유출입에 미치는 영향력은 약하지만, 한국뿐만 아니라 일본과의 관계에 있어서 노동인구가 유출에서 유입으로 전환되었다. 일본의 노동시장은 일관성 있게 노동인구를 유입시키는 영향력이 있으며, 한국과는 노동인구의 유입, 중국과는 노동인구 유출로 나타났다. 결과적으로 한-중-일 3국간 노동시장은 상호 보완적이기 보다는 대체성이 강한 형태를 유지하고 있다.

• 영어영문학
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.263-279
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• 2008

Arif Dirlik in Postmodernity's Histories sees the issue of re-ethnicization in the case of John Huang, China's alleged attempt at lobbying the Clinton administration. In this view, Americans with Chinese surnames were suspected by the US Justice Department to be possible spies working for Beijing. Reethnicization here seems to serve the mainstream society in reducing an ethnic minority to a group of aliens operating for their countries of origin. However, re-ethnicization is not necessarily a one-way oppressive operation; it is often made use of by the ethnic minorities in their efforts to adapt to their country of arrival. Haroon and Karim, the protagonists of Hanif Kureishi's The Buddha of Suburbia, are cases in point. They are portrayed as winning social recognition and securing a place of their own within the hostile host society through a strategic use of re-ethnicization, that is, masquerading as 'genuine Orientals.' This study brings to light possible fallacies or misguided expectations concerning the political position of first- and second-generation immigrants. One of the fallacies is found in the racist metropolis, which regards the ethnic minorities as a sort of resident aliens, no matter what immigrant generation the latter belongs to. Another fallacy is found in the kind of postcolonial criticism that automatically regards an anti-racist critique advanced by people like Kureishi as something motivated by a confrontational tactic, that is, an attempt at subverting the colonial power relations. The conclusion of this study is that Kureishi's agenda, as presented in The Buddha of Suburbia, is neither the preservation of an ethnic identity nor the subversion of colonial power relations but survival in the metropolis. On this account Kureish's agenda can be called a micro-politics.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제24권
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• pp.46-61
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• 2011

This paper considers how Koreans found their positions in the complex, overlapping, disjunctive, and interconnected "Oriental" repertoires in the early Cold War years. When we use the term, Oriental, it should require careful translation from context to context because it may be subject to very different sets of contextual circumstances. Klein views Cold War Orientalism in the complex of various regions including East Asian and Southeast Asian countries; however, when Koreans are contextualized at the center of the discussion the Orientalism produces another discursive meaning. Even though many great researches have been done on Korean immigrations, Korean American literatures, and US-Korea economic, political, and foreign relations, not many discussions about Korean American popular cultures have been discussed in the basis of the Oriental discourse in the United States.For this argument, this paper investigates the performative trajectory of a girl group "Kim Sisters" who began to sing at the US military show stages in South Korea in 1952 during the Korean War. They moved to Las Vegas show stages in 1959 and later appeared in Ed Sullivan Show more than thirty times during the 1960s and 70s. Meanwhile, they not only returned to South Korea often times to perform at the stages for Korean audiences in South Korea but also played at the shows for Korean immigrants in the United States. Korean American immigration to the United States has followed a different route from the majority of Asian American population such as Chinese or Japanese Americans, which means that efforts to compare this particular group to the others may be unnecessary. Rather doing comparative studies, this paper, therefore, focuses on the formation of the intersecting and multiple identities of Korean female entertainers who were forced or forced themselves to be incorporated into the American popular "Oriental" imagination, which I would call "embedded" identities. This embeddedness has been continuously maintained in the configuration of Korean characters in the United States. This will help not only to observe the discursive aspect of Asian American identity politics but also to claim a space for comparatively invisible Korean characters in the United States which has been often times neglected and not brought into a major Asian American or Oriental historical discourse. This paper starts with American scenes at the beginning of the twentieth century to trace Americans Oriental imagination which was observable in the various American cultural landscape and popular music soundscape. It will help us more clearly understand the production and consumption of the Korean "Oriental" performances during the early Cold War period and especially the Korean performance in the American venue, silently overshadowed into the political, social, and cultural framework.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.678-684
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• 2012

본 연구는 국제 결혼 이주여성들의 구강건강 상태를 파악하여 국제 결혼 이주여성의 구강 건강을 향상시키는데 도움을 주기 위한 기초연구이다. 국제결혼 이주여성 약 1,300명 중 다문화가정 지원센터에서 운영하는 프로그램에 참여하는 국제결혼 이주여성 237명을 대상으로 직접 면접 조사방식으로 설문에 응답하게 한 후 일반 과 직접구강검사법을 이용하여 2010년 5월 1일부터 10월 31일까지 조사하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 17.0 프로그램을 이용하여 전산통계 처리하였으며, 분석방법은 빈도분석 회귀분석, 로지스틱 회귀분석을 이용하였다. 결과는 첫째, '국적'을 보면 '베트남' 38.8%, '필리핀' 29.1%, '중국' 12.2%, '일본' 6.8%, 이었으며 '현재의 구강상태'는 '우식치아'가 있는 경우 60%, '우식증이 없는 경우' 40%로 조사되었다. 필리핀 국적의 국제결혼 이주여성들이 결손치아가 많은 것으로 나타났고, 일본 국적의 국제결혼 이주여성들은 여타 국적의 국제결혼 이주여성들에 비해 결손치아 수가 더 적은 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 월 소득이 높은 국제결혼 이주여성들일수록 결손치아 수가 적은 것으로 조사되었다. '나이가 많을수록 우식치아의 숫자는 적어지고 있는 경향을 확인해볼 수 있었다. 남편 학력이 높은 국제결혼 이주여성들일수록 치주질환이 없을 확률이 높은 것으로 나타났고, 전업주부인 국제결혼 이주여성들일수록 치주질환을 가지고 있을 확률이 높은 것으로 조사되었다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.83-99
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• 1994

Ch'ang-Ts'al-Ts'un is a rural Village near Lung-jing City in Yen-pien Korean Autonomous Province of China. It was formed about 100 years ago by Korean Immigrants and has been developed maintaing the characteristics of traditional Korean architecture. Therefore investigating the spatial structure of this village is a meanigful work to confirm and explore one branch of Korean architecture. This study aims at analyzing the spatial structure of the village using direct data collected from the field work and indirect data from books and maps. The field work consists of on-the-site survey of the village layout, interviews of residents, observation notes and photography. Ch'ang-Ts'ai-Ts'un is located 360-370 m high above the sea level and at the side of a long valley. A river flows in the middle of the valley and relatively flat arable land exists at the both sides of the river. The location of the village related to the surrounding river and mountains suggests that the site of the village was chosen according to Feng-Shui, Chinese and Korean traditional architectural theory. The main direction of the house layouts is South-western. The village has been growing gradually until today. Therefore it is meaningful to make the village layout before Liberation(1946 A.D.) because the characteristics of Korean architecture prevailed more in that period. The area of the previous village is limited to the west side of the creek. New houses were later added to the east of the creek, forming a 'New Village'. Previously the village was composed of 3 small villages: Up, Middle and Down. Also the main access roads connecting the village with the neighboring villages were penetrating the village transversely. Presently the main access road comes to the village longitudinally from the main highway located in front of the village. The retrospective layout shows the existence of well-formed Territory, Places and Axes, thus suggesting a coherent Micro-cosmos. The boundary of imaginery territory perceived by present residents could be defined by linking conspicous outside places sorrounding the village such as Five-mountains, Front-mountain, Shin-dong village, Standing-rock, Rear-mountain and Myong-dong village. Inside the territory there are also the important places such as Bus-stop, Memorial tower of patriots, Road-maitenance building and the village itself. And inside it 5 transverse and 1 longitudinal axes exist in the form of river, roads and mountains. The perceived spatial structure of the village formed by Places, Axes and Territory is geometrical and well-balanced and suggests this village is fit for human settlement. The administrative area of the village is about 738 ha, 27 % of which is cultivated land and the rest is mountain area. Initially the village and surrounndings were covered with natural forest But the trees have been gradually cut down for building and warning houses, resulting in the present barren and artificial landscape with bare mountains and cultivated land. At present the area of the village occupied by houses is wedge-shaped, 600 m wide and 220 m deep in its maximum. The total area of the village is $122,175m^{2}$. The area and the rate of each sub-division arc as follow. 116 house-lots $91,465m^{2}$ (74.9 %) Land for public buildings and shops $2,980m^{2}$ (2.4 %) Roads $17,106m^{2}$ (14.0 %) Creek $1,356m^{2}$ (1.1 %) Vacant spaces and others $9,268m^{2}$ (7.6 %) TOTAL $122,175m^{2}$ (100.0 %) Each lot is fenced around with vertical wooden pannels 1.5-1.8 m high and each house is located to the backside of the lot. The open space of a lot is sub-divided into three areas using the same wooden fence: Front yard, Back yard and Access area. Front and back yards are generally used for crop-cultivation, the custom of which is rare in Korea. The number of lots is 116 and the average size of area is $694.7m^{2}$. Outdoor spaces in the village such as roads, vacant spaces, front yard of the cultural hall, front yard of shops and spacse around the creek are good 'behavioral settings' frequently used by residents for play, chatting, drinking and movie-watching. The road system of the village is net-shaped, having T-junctions in intersections. The road could be graded to 4 categories according to their functions: Access roads, Inner trunk roads, Connecting roads and Culs-de-sac. The total length of the road inside the village is 3,709 m and the average width is 4.6 m. The main direction of the road in the village is NNE-SSE and ESE-WNW, crossing with right angles. Conclusively, the spatial structure of Ch'ang-Ts'ai-Ts'un village consists of various components in different dimensions and these components form a coherent structure in each dimension. Therefore the village has a proper spatial structure meaningful and appropriate for human living.