• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.291-299
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• 2012

Creatinine-adjustment is an important process in the urinary monitoring of the environmental exposure of children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the concentrations of urinary creatinine and factors associated with them among Korean children and adolescents. We recruited 1,025 persons from 128 extracted schools. They were from three to 18 years old and supplied urine samples for measuring creatinine. The concentrations of urinary creatinine were 98.18 mg/dl (SD, 67.67) in arithmetic mean and 72.05 mg/dl (GSD 2.49) in geometric mean, were significantly higher among male children/adolescents than females in all age groups, and higher values appeared following increasing ages, heights and BMIs. The rates of the number who were below the lowest limit recommended by WHO (<30 mg/dl) were 25.57% among three to four year olds, 21.77% among five to six year olds, 20.0% among seven to eight year olds and 14.69% among nine to ten year olds, respectively. The rates of those above the highest limit (>300 mg/dl) were 0.0% among three to twelve year olds. The coefficient of determination R-square of the fitted regression model for urinary creatinine was 27.4% with general characteristic variables of sex, age, BMI and height. The significant variables among these were height (standardized beta = 0.372) and age (standardized beta = 0.129). Another coefficient of determination R-square was 15.3% with dietary habit variables of smoking, drinking, dining area, number of meals and snacks, and intake of milk food, cup-noodles, canned foods, popcorn, nachos, and hamburgers. In conclusion, the concentration of urinary creatinine was significantly lower in children than in adults, and was very significantly associated with the height of children. Therefore, children need the recommended concentrations for urinary creatinine, as distinguished from adults.

• 보건의료생명과학 논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.11-25
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• 2021

본 연구는 한국청소년정책연구원에서 제공한 아동청소년패널 2018, 초4와 중1 패널 1차 데이터를 사용하여 아동·청소년기 부모와 자녀의 자존감과 행복감의 인과관계를 확인하였다. 분석 맥락은 부모의 자존감과 행복감이 양육태도 미치는 영향, 더 나아가 자녀의 학업활동, 자존감 그리고 행복감에 미치는 영향을 확인하는 것이다. 자존감과 행복감은 상호작용 요인이기 때문에 부모의 자존감과 행복감을 외생변수로 투입하여 상관관계로 확인하였으며, 자녀의 자존감과 행복감에 미치는 영향은 인과관계로 검증하였다. 본 연구는 아동·청소년기 정신건강 척도인 자존감과 행복감이 부모의 자존감과 행복감과 어떻게 연계되었는지 탐색할 수 있다. 또한 아동·청소년기 건강한 발달을 도모 하는데있어 가정 배경인 부모역할의 중요성을 확인할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.147-160
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• 2015

This study analyzed the differences in adjustment and family environments of adolescents from three different family structures, using the KCYPS panel 4th wave data from first graders in middle schools. The participants of the study consisted of 1,715 adolescents in two-parent families, 79 adolescents in single-father families, and 113 adolescents in single-mother families. The data were analyzed by means of descriptive statistics and ANCOVAs. The findings of this study indicated that adolescents in two-parent families showed a lower level of physical symptoms than those in single-mother families and a lower level of participation in classwork than those in single-father families whereas adolescents in single-father families were more likely to be involved in delinquency than those from the other two family structures. In addition, significant differences were found in family environments including parents' physical health and life satisfaction, family economic status, parenting behaviors, and parents' absence at home after school. Parents in single-mother and single-father families were less healthy physically, showed lower levels of life satisfaction, reported less income, and spent less money for their children, compared to those in two-parent families. With regard to parenting behaviors, single fathers tended to be less warm toward and neglected their children more than single mothers and parents in two-parent families. Adolescents in single-father families were most likely to be left alone at home after school, followed by those in single-mother and two-parent families. The results suggested that specific attention needs to be paid to adolescents from single-father families in order to support their adjustment.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.101-111
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• 2013

Type 1 diabetes is on the rise worldwide. Although nutrition education for patients with diabetes has become a routine practice, specifics and impacts of such educations need to be more researched. This study examined the status of nutrition knowledge, dietary attitude, and dietary behavior among children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (9-19 year-old) and explored factors influencing dietary behaviors related to diabetes by applying the Theory of Planned Behavior. Face-to-face interviews, using a pre-tested structured questionnaire, were conducted with 32 participants (11 boys and 21 girls) with type 1 diabetes followed by a diabetes clinic in a university hospital. This study found that the level of nutrition knowledge related to diabetes was generally low at 4 points out of a possible 10, however, the dietary attitude related to diabetes was found to be generally good at 26 points out of a possible 30. Participants were motivated to follow medical staff recommendations the most; however, their family was also important. Perceived behavioral control was low especially for eating-out and portion control. The dietary behavior related to blood glucose control showed low at 13 points out of a possible 20. Regression analysis showed that perceived behavioral control (p < 0.001) was significantly related to the dietary behavior related to blood glucose control. This rare study with children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes showed that nutrition education should include a component to improve perceived behavioral control through high-risk situation management.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.72-84
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• 2012

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate prevalence and the frequency of using Korean medicine, Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM), and other parallel treatments in children and young adolescence with neurological diseases. Methods From April to July 2011, parents of the children and adolescents patients suffering from neurological disease completed questionnaires. Results 578 parents answered the questionnaires. 310 cases (53.5%) were using Parallel Treatments. Types of the Parallel Treatments being used are as follows. Rehabilitation 166 cases (27.4%), Speech Therapy 169 cases (27.9%), Education (Art, Music, Play) 109 cases (18.0%), Health supplement 72 cases (11.9%), Counselling, Cognitive & Behavioral Therapy 45 cases (7.4%), Herbal Medicine 24 cases (4.0%), Acupuncture, Moxibustion 13 cases (2.1%), Neurofeedback Therapy 1 case (0.2%), Etc 7 cases (1.2%). 257 cases (44.5%) have used Parallel Treatment before. Parallel Treatments being used in the past are as follows. Herbal Medicine 146 cases (35.4%), Acupuncture, Moxibustion 64 cases (15.5%), Education (Art, Music, Play) 54 cases (13.1%), Rehabilitation 47 cases (11.4%), Speech Therapy 46 cases (11.1%), Health supplement 30 cases (7.3%), Counselling? Cognitive & Behavioral Therapy 15 cases (3.6%), Neurofeedback Therapy 4 case (1.0%), Chuna, Manual Massage 2 case (0.5%), Etc 5 cases (1.2%). Conclusions Although patients were on both western medicine and Korean medicine, CAM, and other parallel treatment, the ratio of Korean medicine treatment was not as high as expected. Further studies are required to develop the model of integrative medicine.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권12호
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• pp.1321-1326
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• 2009

Prevalence of obesity in Korean children and adolescents has dramatically increased since the last 10-20 years. It is important to initiate prevention efforts early in childhood because prevalence of obesity in adolescence is the strongest predictor of its prevalence in adulthood. Intrauterine life, infancy, and preschool years may comprise the critical periods that are essential for the long-term regulation of energy balance therefore, obesity-prevention strategies should be initiated in utero and continued throughout childhood and adolescence. Families with high-risk children should be provided early education about maintaining normal weight. Encouraging physical activity and, especially, avoiding inactivity, are key challenges in the prevention of future obesity. Schools should be primarily involved in educating parents to discourage their children from excessively watching TV or playing computer games and eating unhealthy snacks and food. The involvement of medical practitioners is also important, especially, in the case of obese parents, obesity prevention strategies should be promoted from the first visit of pregnant women to the physicians. Health professionals can also be involved in obesity prevention because they are ideally equipped to identify young children at risk of obesity. Community and nation-wide efforts to increase awareness and promote environments that encourage physical activity and healthy nutrition are required.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the socioeconomic factors, the health behavior factors and dietary pattern that have an influence on abdominal obesity, as measured by using the waist circumference in children and adolescents. Methods: This study used data collected from 1998, 2001, 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Final sample included 3,596 subjects from 10 to 19 years old who had completed necessary health examinations, health behaviors survey, and nutrition survey. Results: 12 dietary patterns emerged from factor analysis with different factor loading. Logistic regression analysis of the factors that affect abdominal obesity showed that the education level, BMI(Body Mass Index) and dietary pattern, 'Kimchi' including Korean cabbage and radish affected the abdominal obesity in children and adolescents. Conclusions: Abdominal obesity is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality, and it is associated with chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Based on the findings, it is essential to modify dietary pattern for preventing abdominal obesity, which is a condition associated with the incidence of chronic disease in adults.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to evaluate the body composition difference and obesity prevalence in grade 5 to 8 by gender. A total of 1,333 students, 707 boys and 631 girls, were recruited from one elementary and one middle school in Seoul, Korea. Anthropometric measurements including height, weight, lean body mass, and body fat were assessed. Height and weight were increased by grade, but Body Mass Index (BMI) by grade showed no significant difference among boys. Lean body mass had growth spurt between 7 and 8 grade among boys compared to gradual increase among girls. Overweight and obesity prevalence were higher among elementary schoolers than middle schoolers. Overweight (BMI for age> $85^{th}$ percentile) prevalence was about $44\%$ among $5^{th}$ grade boys compared $29\%$ among same grade girls. These results provided that there were prominent difference regarding body growth and obesity prevalence in gender and grade. Further studies for children and adolescents should be considered their body composition change.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.644-655
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• 2015

This study was planned to examine the moderating effects of depression and anxiety and the relationship between online game addiction and adolescents' delinquency. Data were collected from children and youth's mental health advocacy research by National Youth Policy Institute. The subjects were 409 adolescents aged between 14 and 18. Correlational analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were conducted to test research hypotheses. Results of this study were as follows: first, online game addiction had a significant positive relations with adolescents' delinquency. Second, depression and anxiety were significant positive relations with each other. And depression and anxiety were significant positive relations with adolescents' delinquency. The result from hierarchical regression analysis showed that significant moderating effect of depression was found. But the result wasn't exhibited twithin hat the two-way interaction effects of depression. On the other hand, result from hierarchical regression analysis showed that significant moderating effect of anxiety wasn't found. In conclusion, this study proposed the need for counseling approach focused on 'depression' in order to reduce the adolescent's delinquency.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.107-145
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• 2004

이 연구에서는 한국의 일탈 청소년들이 갖고 있는 토착심리를 탐구하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 보호관찰 청소년과 일반 청소년의 부모자녀관계에 대한 비교를 중심으로 분석하였다. 최종 분석대상은 1,038명이었으며, 보호관찰 청소년 268명과 그들의 부모, 고등학생 251명과 그들의 부모로 구성되었다. 보호관찰 청소년과 일반 청소년에 대한 질적 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청소년 집단별 부모관계에 대한 사회적 표상은, 보호관찰 청소년과 일반 청소년 모두 이 세상에서 가장 믿고 의지할 수 있는 사람으로서 부모를 가장 많이 지적하였으며, 믿고 신뢰하는 이유로서 혈연관계가 가장 중요하였다. 둘째, 부모 집단별 자녀관계에 대한 사회적 표상은, 자녀가 보호관찰을 받는 일탈 청소년이든 학교를 잘 다니고 있든, 모두 혈연관계로 맺어진 자녀이기 때문에 무조건 믿는다는 생각을 과반수 의 부모가 하였다. 또한 두 부모집단 모두 자녀가 성실한 태도를 갖고 원만한 인간관계를 유지하도록 기대하는 점에서 공통점이 있었다. 그러나 자녀 양육과정에서 겪는 어려움의 내용에서는 질적으로 차이가 있었는데, 보호관찰 청소년 부모는 자녀의 불순종을, 일반 청소년 부모는 자녀의 성적이나 대학진학 등 학업문제와 자녀교육을 뒷받침해야 하는 교육비 부담을 가장 많이 지적하였다. 두 집단에 대한 양적 자료를 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 가정의 구조적 환경에서 차이가 있었는데, 보호관찰 청소년은 부모의 사회경제적지위가 낮았으며, 친부모가 아니거나, 부모와 동거하지 않는 경우가 많았다. 그리고 이러한 환경에서 가출경험이 많았다. 둘째, 청소년이 지각한 부모와의 관계에서 차이가 있었는데, 보호관찰 청소년이 부모에 대한 신뢰가 낮았고, 부모의 양육태도를 더욱 적대적으로 지각하였다. 셋째, 부모가 지각한 자녀와의 관계에서도 차이가 있었는데, 보호관찰 청소년의 부모가 자녀에 대해 더욱 낮은 신뢰를 보였다. 자녀 양육태도에서도 더욱 갈등을 느끼고, 적대적이었으며, 자녀 때문에 희생되었다고 생각하는 경향이 높았다. 이러한 결과에 기초하여, 한국 일탈 청소년의 토착심리와 관련된 다양한 논의가 시도되었다.