• 아동학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.73-84
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• 1985

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between mothers' bsex-role attitudes and child-rearing values of independence granting and pressure for achievement, and also to examine variations in mothers' attitudes by sex of child. The subjects of this study were 260 mothers of preschool girls and boys. They were middle and high SES class and highly educated. The 20 item version of the Feminism Scale (FEM Scale) was used to measure mothers 'attitudes toward women's sex-role ideology. The Korean Sex-Trait Stereotype Measure was used to measure the mothers' sex-perception of masculinity and feminity. The 5-item translated Barnett Independence Granting Scale was used to measure independence granting. The 7-item version of the Barnett Pressure for Achievement Scale was used to measure mothers' pressure on their children for achievement. Data analysis consisted of Pearson's Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient and t-test. The results were: 1. Mothers' nontraditional sex-role ideology was significantly related to lower mean age of independence granting and to pressure for achievement. 2. Two self-perception scores (self-masculine and self-feminine) were not related to mean age of independence granting but were significant1y related to pressure for achievement. 3. The mean age of independence granting was lower for sons than for daughters. 4. Mothers put more pressure for achievement on sons than on daughters.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.175-186
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to explore the differences in interactive peer play according to the type of problem behavior. The subjects were 112(67 boys, 45 girls) S-year-old children at 25 daycare centers in Seoul, Gyeonggi, and Gyeongsang areas. Instruments included the Preschool Behavior Questionnaire(PBQ; Behar & Stringfield, 1974) and the Penn Interactive Peer Play Scale(PIPPS) in both the teacher version(Choi & Shin, 2008) and the parent version(Fantuzzo, Mendez, & Tighe, 1998). The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, t-test, and one-way ANOVA using the SPSS 18.0 software program. The results showed that the clusters of problem behaviors on the PBQ could be grouped into four categories; 'hostility-aggressiveness', 'hyperactivity- distractibility', 'anxiety-fear', and 'combined'. In addition, group differences among the problem behaviors were significantly found in 'play disruption' and 'play disconnection' but not in 'play interaction' of the PIPPS on teachers' and parents' ratings. Specifically, group differences were not found in the parental reports, while significant group differences were noted in the 'play disconnection on PIPPS component of the teachers' reports.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.205-216
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• 2018

This study examined how the relationship between grandmother-adult child solidarity, caregiving satisfaction, and grandmother's child-rearing role varies according to the relation with the grandchild. Mediation effects and moderated mediation effects were analyzed to investigate the relationship between these variables. The participants were 295 grandmothers raising preschool-aged grandchildren in the Seoul and Gyeonggi areas. Data was analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and PROCESS macro, performing correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. The statistical significance of the indirect effect was examined using a bootstrapping procedure. The results are as follows. First, grandmother-adult child solidarity directly affects the grandmother's child-rearing role. Second, grandmother-adult child solidarity indirectly affects the grandmother's child-rearing role through caregiving satisfaction. Third, the direct and indirect effects of grandmother-adult child solidarity on the grandmother's child-rearing role are moderated by the relation with the grandchild. The direct effect of grandmother-adult child solidarity on grandmother's child-rearing role was therefore shown to be significant on the maternal grandmother. Fourth, the indirect effect of grandmother-adult child solidarity on the grandmother's child-rearing role through caregiving satisfaction was shown to be significant on the paternal grandmother. Based on the results of this study, we discussed ways to strengthen the capacity of co-parenting between grandparents and adult children.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.697-708
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to analyze the contents of the questionnaires used in dietary surveys and to evaluate each item in relation to the item construction strategy. Articles of which the contents were related to food, nutrition, diet, dietary behavior, and related areas. Published from 1997 to 1999 were searched fir and a total of 121 questionnaires were collected and analyzed. The questions in the questionnaires were classified into related areas and sub-areas. Among the keywords in the title of the articles, the term 'nutritional status'(or 'dietary intake status') was most frequently used. The terms such as dietary status, obesity, health, food habit, and dietary behavior were also frequency used. Major topics of the items in the questionnaires varied according to the life cycle of the subjects of the study. The topics most frequently asked in each lift cycle were as follows : overeating, snack, and food preference for preschool- and school-aged children ; anthropometry, weight control, and snack for middle and highschool students : meal skipping, smoking, and drinking for college students : disease, smoking, drinking, and exercise for adults : and smoking, drinking, disease and perceived health for the elderly. Inappropriate questions with complicated language, typographic and grammatic errors, unnecessary words, and negative questions were found. Therefore, care should be taken to construct each question so as to avoid possible misinterpretation. Also, a standardized questionnaire be developed for survey researchers.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.343-351
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• 2000

The Korean government enacted the National Health Promotion Act in January, 1995 and proclaimed its regulations and rules in September 1995, which became the basis of the national health policy. The health promotion programs consist of education for health, prevention of diseases, improvement of nutrition, and practice of healthy life style as defined in that Act. The Community Health Act was amended in 1995, which included implementing nutrition services in community health centers. The purpose of this report is to summerize the nutrition services conducted in 32 community health centers. the main nutritional activities were as follows : 1) nutritional guidance by counseling and education for pregnant or lactating women, infants, preschool children, and those with chronic diseases, 2) collection, analysis, and interpretation of data collected from the community, on background conditions and target population for the assessment of community needs, 3) evaluation of nutritional status of population in the community 4) nutritional guidance for mass feeding in different institution including schools and welfare institutions. In order to meet the government's expectations and desires, the community health centers have made continuous efforts to put nutritional activities into practice in the community. However, there are constraints, such as relative staff shortages, lack of funds, and information which hampers the nutritional activities.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2008년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.363-366
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 유아를 대상으로 한 에듀테인먼트 콘텐츠에 대하여 기술한다. 우리나라 전통 음악인 국악을 사용자가 실제 악기가 아닌 가상 악기를 이용하여 체험해 볼 수 있고, 국악에 하나인 판소리를 따라 부를 수 있게 한다. 또한 전통문양과 기본도형을 이용한 놀이를 직감적 도구인 손을 이용하여 디스플레이를 직접 터치할 수 있는 지능형 인터페이스 플랫폼인 Touch-Face를 기반으로 조작이 익숙하지 않는 유아 및 아동들이 쉽고 편리하게 조작할 수 있게 하였다. 이러한 기반 위에 교육적 콘텐츠는 보다 더 유아 교육에 있어서 효율적으로 학습하는데 도움이 될 수 있다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.374-381
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 $L{\ddot{o}}e$ & Silness의 치태지수를 사용하여 음파 칫솔과 일반 칫솔의 효과를 비교하는 것이다. 연세대학교 치과대학병원 소아치과에 내원한 전신질환이 없는 3-6세 어린이 34명을 대상으로 교차설계, 연구자에 대한 눈가림법을 사용한 무작위 대조군 연구가 진행되었다. 연구 참여자는 2개의 군으로 무작위로 나누어져 음파 칫솔과 일반 칫솔을 번갈아 2주씩 사용하였고, 칫솔질 전후 구강위생상태를 $L{\ddot{o}}e$ & Silness의 치태지수를 사용하여 측정하여 차이를 비교하였다. 음파 칫솔 사용 후 $0.26{\pm}0.28$, 일반 칫솔 사용 후 $0.09{\pm}0.22$의 치태지수 감소를 보였고, 이는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다(p < 0.05). 성별과 나이에 따른 음파 칫솔의 치태 제거 효과는 통계학적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p > 0.05). 연구 결과, 3-6세 어린이에서 음파 칫솔이 일반 칫솔에 비해 치태 제거 효과는 좋았고, 성별과 연령에 따른 치태 제거 효과의 차이는 나타나지 않았다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.9-14
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• 1975

Growth retardation and a variable degree of body disproportion are recognized features of malnutrition, and mild and moderate protein-calorie malnutrition(PCM). Among the various body measurements suggested to assess the prevalence of all grades of PCM as judged by growth retardation and by body disproportion, the 'mid-upper-arm circumference'-abbreviated to 'arm-circumference' has been suggested as a potential useful simple field index for the assessment of PCM showing that the measurement would give composite information simultaneously on three important effects on PCM-deficit in the muscle protein reservoirs, availability of calorie stores in the form of subcutaneous fat, and growth failure. And this is selected because of its easy accessibility, and less involvement with clinical edema. This study is conducted to make a comparison between the percentage of Korean weight for age standards and the percentage of mid-upper-arm circumference for age standards of 175 preschool children aged $3{\sim}72$ months who are selected among the low-income residents in Seoul. In this study, a comparison is made between the results obtained by expressing the observed weight of the child as a percentage of Korean standard, referred to as 'weight-for-age' and the observed arm-circumference expressed as a percentage of the age-specific arm standard of Jelliffe, referred to as 'arm-for-age'. All the measurements were taken following the techniques described by Jelliffe. The left mid upper arm was measured using a glass-fibre tape and the Fairbanks Morse beam balance was used for weighing. 80% level of weight for age Korean standard and 85% level of arm for are Jelliffe standard were used as an upper borderline limit for PCM. Comparing the 80% weight-for-age and the 85% arm-for-age standard as an upper limit for PCM, for children aged $3{\sim}72$ months, results in 84.6% agreement with the sensitivity of 86.4% and its specificity of 83.5%. If arm circumference alone had been measured and judgement made on this basis, then only 5.1% of the children would have been 'wrongly' classified. And there is a moderately close correlation between arm circumference and weight for age as the data in Table 4 shows. The problem therefore lies in the standard for arm circumference in normal children and in determining what is the lower limit of normal. Once this is clearly difined, one can rely more confidently on arm circumference measurements alone for the nutritional assessment of early childhood.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.119-131
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identify the trends and contents of intervention towards children using meta analysis, to support the basis for using in the field and research method about nursing intervention. We used 27 materials which was reported from 1970 to August, 1999 : dissertation study and Korean Nurses' Academic society Journals, the Journal of Korean Academic society of Adult Nursing, The Korea Journal of Maternal and Child Health Nursing. The types of intervention we used came from 3 different researchers. Snyder showed cognitive, movement, social sensory intervention. McCloskey & Bulechek categorized as the following : self-care assistance, acute care management, life-style alteration, health promotion, life support intervention, Craft & Denehy classified psychosocial intervention and biophysiological intervention. Some findings are summarized as follow : Out of the 27 researches sensory intervention had the most in there thesis, recently cognitive intervention research has a tendency to increase. 18 researches has acute care management in there theses, and health promotion was found the least. Out of the 27 thesis 15 thesis was classified as biophysiological intervention and 12 had psychosocial. 27 thesis had 11 types of interventions which originally was categorized by Snyder, therefore sensory intervention thesis had the most. 11 types of intervention which originally was classified by McClosky & Bulechek, teaching and information had the most out of acute care management. Out of 27 thesis, 14 had dealt with newborns, especially newborns with sensory intervention. Therefore school age and above had cognitive intervention which was used for teaching and information. Infants, preschool, schoolage children received acute care management the most, health promotion intervention was used towards adolescences. Depending on the characteristics of dependent variables, it was analysed using meta however 17 thesis are possible except primary experimental research. Mean effect size comparison by Snyder classification, cognitive intervention was the largest mean(1.51), sensory intervention was larger(0.71) also, movement intervention was in the middle(0.56) as shown. Comparison done by McClosky & Bulechek, the intervention leading to life style alteration was the largest mean(1.97), teaching was used the most. Comparison by Craft & Denehy classification, psychosocial intervention was larger(1.15) than biophysiological intervention (0.67). The result of nursing intervention through age classification, the largest weighted mean effect size in the research was towards infants and neonates. The research which was focused on nursing intervention, has important meaning in nursing practice and knowledge development. When we know that children's nursing intervention is necessary and overcome our biased view, efficiency of children's nursing intervention are increased and professionalized. Therefore results will be important basic data to guide a development of child nursing intervention & classification.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.36-43
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• 2020

유치열기 어린이의 교합적 특성에 대해 국외에서는 관련 연구가 많이 보고되었으나 최근 한국 어린이를 대상으로 한 연구보고는 희소하며 서로 다른 인종 간에 교합양상에 차이가 있다. 따라서 이 연구 논문의 목적은 경기도 화성시에 거주하는 한국 어린이의 유구치 교합관계에 대해 알아보고자 함이다. 한 명의 소아치과 전문의가 치과의원에 내원한 만 2 - 5세 유치열기 어린이들의 구강 내 임상 사진을 촬영하였다. 한 명의 평가자가 유구치 교합관계를 평가 및 분류하였으며 성별, 연령 등의 환자 정보를 기록하였다. 총 389명에서 좌우측의 교합관계가 동일하게 근심계단형인 경우가 61.7%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 양측 모두 수직형인 경우는 15.4%, 원심계단형인 경우는 4.9%로 나타났다. 좌우측의 교합관계가 동일하지 않은 경우 근심계단형과 수직형의 조합이 14.7%로 높은 빈도로 나타났다. 모집단 일부에서는 유견치 관계를 분류할 수 있었고 좌우측 동일하게 1급 유견치 관계인 경우가 48.2%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 유구치 교합관계는 영구치열기로의 변화를 예측할 수 있도록 하여 적절한 치료 전략을 수립하거나 교합유도를 시행할 수 있도록 한다. 따라서 소아치과의사의 유치열기 교합에 대한 정확한 이해와 최근 경향에 대한 파악이 중요하다.