• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권sup1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2016

Studies have shown that smoking is a learnt behavior, often initiated during adolescence. This paper aims to describe tobacco-related knowledge, attitude and associations among school adolescents aged 13-15 with exposure to anti-smoking information. Using data from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) in Viet Nam, 2014, knowledge was measured through 4 questions about tobacco use, and attitude was assessed through 3 questions on personal, social and environmental aspects. Students giving most anti-tobacco responses to all questions were considered as having correct knowledge or appropriate attitude or both. Access to anti-smoking information was determined by exposure to any media messages on tobacco control during the past 30 days and teaching in school about the danger of tobacco use during the past 12 months. A substantial percentage of students thought that being near others who smoke might be harmful to them and smoking is harmful to health (89.4% and 89.6% respectively). However, only 46.4% reported that it is definitely difficult to quit smoking and 66.9% thought that smoking for only 1 or 2 years, once stopped, is harmful to health. Slightly more than half of the respondents reported appropriate attitude that young smokers have fewer friends than others and smoking makes them less attractive and less comfortable at social events. Noticing anti-smoking messages in the media together with having lessons in school about the dangers of tobacco substantially increased the likelihood of having correct knowledge, appropriate attitude and both. Despite relatively high awareness about smoking harms, effective educational communication is still highly needed to improve the level of comprehensive knowledge and an appropriate attitude regarding tobacco use.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2011

다양한 식품첨가물의 사용과 소비가 증가하고 있으며, 최근 어린이기호식품을 통한 타르색소 등 첨가물의 섭취량이 늘어가고 있다. 본 연구는 시중 유통중인 학교 주변 어린이기호식품을 대상으로 식용색소 황색 제 4호(Y4), 황색 제5호(Y5), 청색 제1호(B1), 청색 제2호(B2), 적색 제2호(R2), 적색 제3호(R3), 적색 제40호(R40), 적색 제102호(R102), 녹색 제3호(03)등 국내 허용된 타르색소 9종에 대한 실태조사를 실시하고 모니터링 분석을 통하여 노출량, 위해성 평가를 수행하였다. 그 결과, 어린이기호식품 82종(과자류 3종, 캔디류 71종, 초콜릿 4종, 음료류 4종)을 통한 타르색소의 섭취수준이 매우 낮고 상위섭취군(95th percentile)에서도 일일섭취허용량(ADI)의 0~3.56%에 불과하였다. 결론적으로 어린이기호식품 섭취에 따른 어린이의 타르색소에 대한 위해성 수준은 매우 낮은 것으로 판단되며, 타르색소 9종 각각의 일일추정섭취량(EDI)이 평균적으로 FAO/WHO에서 권장하는 양보다 낮아 안전한 수준으로 평가되었다. 그러나 어린이기호식품에 사용되는 식품첨가물은 보편적으로 몇 가지 첨가물이 복합적으로 사용되고 있어 어린이의 식품첨가물 섭취에 대한 지속적인 모니터링과 그에 따른 적절한 관리가 필요할 것이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.468-475
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• 2015

우리나라 일부 건강한 유아를 대상으로 Mn-SOD Val16Ala, GSTP1 Ile105Val, GSTT1 present/null, GSTM1 present/null 유전자 다형성 분포를 살펴본 결과, Mn-SOD Val/Val형, GSTP1 Ile/Ile형, GSTT1 null 형, GSTM1 null 형이 주된 (major) 유전자형인 것으로 나타났다. 이 중 Mn-SOD Val/Val형은 Val/Ala 또는 Ala/Ala형에 비해 소변 8-OHdG 수준이 유의적이지는 않으나 높은 경향을 나타내었고, GSTP1 Ile/Ile형은 Ile/Val 또는 Val/Val형에 비해 소변 8-OHdG 수준이 유의적으로 낮았다. 간접흡연에의 노출 여부와 간접흡연-유전자 다형성의 상호 작용이 산화손상지표에는 유의적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 건강한 유아에서 GSTP1 Val allele 보유한 경우 산화적 손상에 대해 취약할 수 있음을 제시하며, 추후 대규모 연구를 통한 검증 및 이들 유전자형을 보유한 대상자를 위한 효과적인 영양 중재방안에 대한 고려가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.416-421
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• 2007

Many previous studies have proved that human allergic disease resulted from the formation of antibodies belonging to a unique immunoglobulin isotype termed immunoglobulin E (IgE). Most of IgE-producing plasma cells are found in the lymphoid tissue associated with the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. IgE may be found free in the mucosal secretions of these tissues, bound to local mast cells, or distributed by the systemic circulation to mast cells and basophils throughout the body. Total serum IgE concentrations tend to be higher in allergic adults and children compared with non-allergic individuals, but the value of total serum IgE as a screening test for allergic disease is limited. Total serum IgE levels are related to the probability of an individual having detectable allergen-specific IgE. Allergen-specific IgE concentrations vary with a person's age, the degree and duration of the recent allergen or cross-reactive allergen exposure. The value of quantitative assays for allergen-specific IgE has been suggested in recent studies. Serum IgE increases in many non-allergic diseases, including infectious and parasitic diseases. The IgE changes appear to be specific to the infectious agents, whereas non-specific in other diseases. The increased serum IgE in some of these conditions probably results from alterations in immune function. This review summarizes the clinical significance of total and allergen-specific IgE examinations in allergic diseases.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2019

Contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) is a major concern when iodinated contrast material is administered, especially in patients at risk. Efforts have been undertaken to understand the detrimental effects of contrast media (CM). With the use of low-osmolar or iso-osmolar CM the incidence of CA-AKI has steadily decreased within the past decade; however, especially in the pediatric population information is scarce. Incidence rates have been reported to range between 0% to 18.75%, particularly depending on indication, selection of population (i.e. preexisting co-morbidities), and definition of AKI. Different biomarkers have been proposed, but confirmatory studies are either lacking or have contributed to their lack of diagnostic power. Proteomic approaches have been employed and may pave the way to such discovery. Prevention strategies have been tested and proposed, but the recently published AMACING and PRESERVE trials have shown that commonly used strategies (such as systematic hydration or administration of N-acetylcysteine) have no role in the prevention of CA-AKI. We propose that thoughtful assessment of one's fluid state is the most appropriate approach and depending on the hydration status diuretics or fluid administration should be provided to achieve an euvolemic state ahead of contrast exposure.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.81-82
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• 2024

Urban air mobility (UAM) is emerging as an innovative transportation solution for cities. However, the potential noise impact on urban life must be carefully examined. Continuous exposure to UAM noise, with its unique frequency characteristics and temporal variability, may adversely affect citizens' health by causing sleep disorders, cardiovascular disease, and cognitive impairmenet, particularly in children. NASA has formed a UAM Noise Working Group to study this issue comprehensively. In Korea, the Seoul Metropolitan Government's UAM demonstration project is expected to accelerate related research and development. Scientific analysis, including noise measurement, prediction modeling, and health impact assessment, must be prioritized. Measures to minimize noise should be established based on this evidence, such as optimizing flight modes, developing noise reduction technologies, and establishing new noise management standards. Transparency and social consensus are crucial throughout this process. Expert review and open communication with civil society are necessary to address related concerns. Sharing demonstration project results and providing opportunities to experience UAM noise through digital twin simulations can help address public concerns and build social consensus. Proactively and scientifically tackling noise issues is essential for the sustainable development and successful integration of UAM into daily life.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.368-379
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• 1989

정신지체와 인체내 수은 함량과의 관련성을 보기 위해 정신지체아 297명(가정이 있는 아동이 다니는 특수학교 1개교의 132명과 고아로 구성된 특수학교의 165명)을 대상으로, 학업성적이 중위권 이상인 일반 국민학교 학생 117명을 대조군으로 하여 두발 중 수은 함량을 원자흡광광도계를 사용하여 측정, 비교해 보았다. 발 중 수은 함량의 연령에 따른 차이는 없었다. 정신지체아에서 대조군에 비해 두발 중 수은량이 유의하게 높았다(남자 지체아 : 3.02ppm, 남자대조군 : 2.20ppm, 여자 지체아 : 2.76ppm, 여자 대조군 : 2.02ppm). 가정이 없는 정신지체아의 경우 수은 함량이 날자가 3.27ppm, 여자가 3.04ppm으로써 대조군의 남자 2.20ppm, 여자가 2.02ppm에 비해 각각 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 가정이 있는 정신지체아군은 남자가 2.76ppm, 여자가 2.31ppm으로써 남자는 대조군과 유의한 차이가 있었으나 여자는 대조군에 비해 수치는 다소 높았으나 통계학적 유의성은 없었다. 그리고 가정이 없는 정신지체아가 가정이 있는 경우에 비해 유의한 차이가 있었다. 그러나 정신지체 정도와 두발 중 수은 함량과는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 동반 질환은 Down씨 증후군, 전간, 뇌성마비, 자폐증 등이 있었으며, 남자의 경우에서는 Down씨 증후군과 뇌성마비를 동반한 경우, 여자에서는 Down씨 증후군과 자폐증을 동반한 경우에 대조군에 비해 통계학적으로 유의하게 높았다. 그리고 동반된 질환이 없는 경우가 대부분이나 이들고 대조군에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 동반된 장애유형은 언어장애가 40.4%로 가장 많았고 지체부자유, 정서장애의 순이며 중복장애자는 두발중 6ppm이 초과되는 6명중 66.7%, 3-6ppm군에서는 10.4%, 3ppm이하군에서는 15.7% 이었다. 본 연구의 결과로 볼 때 정신지체아군에서 수은에 노출될 기회가 더욱 많았을 것이며 이것이 정신지체의 한 인자로 작용했을 가능성을 배제할 수는 없을 것으로 추측된다. 이에 따라 이들의 생활공간에 대한 환경조사, 식생활 및 식습관 조사 등을 통해 정신지체와 수은과의 인과관계를 밝혀 나가야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2012

Indicator PCB의 농도 수준은 2006년에 세계보건기구(WHO) 프로토콜에 따라 수집된 132개의 모유(초유, 출산 후 30일째 모유, 출산 후 60일째 모유)로 분석하였다. Indicator PCBs의 농도는 고분해능 가스크로마토그래피/고분해능 질량분석기를 이용한 동위원소희석법으로 측정되었으며, 이 방법은 국제적 경향을 비교 평가하기 위한 정확하고 정밀한 데이터를 제공한다. 또한, 모든 분석 결과를 토대로 평균일일섭취량(ADIs)이 계산되었다. 총 indicator PCBs의 중앙값은 14 ng/g lipid로, 다른 나라에서 검출된 농도보다 현저하게 낮았으며, PCBs 138, 153, 180은 분석한 지표 이성질체 합의 약 65%를 차지하였다. 가장 기여율이 높은 PCB 153은 총 indicator PCBs 농도와 매우 높은 상관관계를 나타내었다(p<0.001). PCBs 농도는 산모의 아이수가 증가할수록 확연히 감소하였고, 산모의 PCBs 축적과 배출에 있어 출산경력과 수유기간은 중요한 인자로 나타났다. 6개월 모유수유 기간 동안 총 indicator PCBs의 평균일일섭취량의 중앙값은 $0.077{\mu}g/kg{\cdot}bw/day$이었다. 초산부 모유 중 PCB 118의 농도는 1998년에 비해 25~35% 정도 감소하였으며, 이러한 경향은 지속될 것이라는 것을 보여준다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.545-552
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• 2017

Increasing concern is being given to the association between risk of cancer and exposure to low-dose bisphenol A (BPA), especially in young-aged population. In this study, we investigated the effects of repeated oral treatment of low to high dose BPA in juvenile Sprague-Dawley rats. Exposing juvenile rats to BPA (0, 0.5, 5, 50, and 250 mg/kg oral gavage) from post-natal day 9 for 90 days resulted in higher food intakes and increased body weights in biphasic dose-effect relationship. Male mammary glands were atrophied at high dose, which coincided with sexual pre-maturation of females. Notably, proliferative changes with altered cell foci and focal inflammation were observed around bile ducts in the liver of all BPA-dosed groups in males, which achieved statistical significance from 0.5 mg/kg (ANOVA, Dunnett's test, p<0.05). Toxicokinetic analysis revealed that systemic exposure to BPA was greater at early age (e.g., 210-fold in $C_{max}$, and 26-fold in AUC at 50 mg/kg in male on day 1 over day 90) and in females (e.g., 4-fold in $C_{max}$ and 1.6-fold in AUC at 50 mg/kg vs. male on day 1), which might have stemmed from either age- or gender-dependent differences in metabolic capacity. These results may serve as evidence for the association between risk of cancer and exposure to low-dose BPA, especially in young children, as well as for varying toxicity of xenobiotics in different age and gender groups.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2009

Objectives : To assess the protective effects of wearing protective devices among the residents and volunteers who participated in the cleanup of the Hebei Spirit oil spill. Methods : A total of 288 residents and 724 volunteers were surveyed about symptoms, whether they were wearing protective devices and potential confounding variables. The questionnaires were administered from the second to the sixth week following the accident. Spot urine samples were collected and analyzed for metabolites of 4 volatile organic compounds(VOCs), 2 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs), and 6 heavy metals. The association between the wearing of protective devices and various symptoms was assessed using a multiple logistic regression adjusted for confounding variables. A multiple generalized linear regression model adjusted for the covariates was used to test for a difference in least-square mean concentration of urinary biomarkers between residents who wore protective devices and those who did not. Results : Thirty nine to 98% of the residents and 62-98% of volunteers wore protective devices. Levels of fatigue and fever were higher among residents not wearing masks than among those who did wear masks(odds ratio 4.5; 95% confidence interval 1.23-19.86). Urinary mercury levels were found to be significantly higher among residents not wearing work clothes or boots(p<0.05). Conclusions : Because the survey was not performed during the initial high-exposure period, no significant difference was found in metabolite levels between people who wore protective devices and those who did not, except for mercury, whose biological half-life is more than 6 weeks.