• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.54
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• pp.173-197
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• 2016

This study aims to examine developmental trajectories and predictor variables of problem behaviors and school adjustment trajectories among children from low-income families using latent growth modeling. The data was collected from the 2nd year to the 4th year (2012-2014) of a community child center child panel survey conducted by the National Youth Policy Institute. The major findings are as follows. First, as the grade went up, the problem behaviors of children from low-income families increased while school adjustment decreased. Second, multi-level domains, such as individual, school, and family variables influenced school adjustment trajectory, while only individual variables, such as depression, isolation, and motivation for achievement influenced problem behavior trajectory. Third, common protective factors between problem behaviors and school adjustment trajectories were motivation for achievement in and satisfaction of the community child center. Common risk factors between problem behaviors and school adjustment trajectories were isolation and aggression. Based on the results, the implications for child welfare practices were discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.36
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• pp.7-27
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• 2011

This study empirically examines the effects of after-school self-care on children's development. More specifically, we examine whether the level of after-school self-care experiences that a child had during the 4 to 6 grade period affects the levels of school achievement, internalizing problem behaviors, externalizing problem behaviors, and delinquent behaviors during the child's middle school years. The study utilized the data from the Korea Welfare Panel Study's 1st and 4th year child supplementary surveys. The results show that the level of after-school self-care experiences negatively affects children's school achievement and internalizing problem behaviors. The study finds that, as the level of after-school self-care experiences increase, school achievement decreases and internalizing problem behaviors increase. The effects of after-school self-care on school achievement and internalizing behaviors were statistically significant even after controlling for the other variables that are known to be important factors on child development including child, parent, and family characteristics. The findings suggest that there is an independent effect of the level of after-school self-care on school achievement and internalizing problem behaviors. We also provide policy implications of the study. The policy considerations for latchkey children should include not only increasing the quantity of after-school programs, but also paying attention to the need of child development support programs beyond basic protection and care.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• no.36
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• pp.29-53
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• 2008

Being the most populated country in the world, China's one-child policy is its basic national policy. This basic national policy is implemented together with the Maternity Insurance, which is one of the five main social insurances in the Chinese society. The Maternity Insurance is society's way of recognizing women's contribution towards child- bearing and is of utmost important significance. However, with regard to women who are not living within the city or are not working, not only are they not the target for one-child policy, they are also unable to receive the social benefit from the Maternity Insurance. Among the conditions for payment of the Maternity Insurance is the adherence to the one-child policy. Ultimately, working women living in towns and cities adhering to the one-child policy will have a positive influence on the Maternity Insurance. However this places a restriction on reducing the discrepancies to benefit from the Maternity Insurance. On the contrary, women from the villages and those moving between towns and cities are those who really need the Maternity Insurance and yet are unable to benefit from it. While we improve on the Maternity Insurance to include this group of women, we have to at the same time consider the effect it has on the one-child policy. The reformation of the Maternity Insurance has to embody the principle of a harmonious society. It has to have a certain order in the country's national policies, so as to be included in the economic policies of towns and villages.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.61-74
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine the realities of physical health conditions of children aged from 0 to 11 for the last decade. On the basis of the analyzed results, the pragmatic and policy issues are as follows : First, in the perspective of child development, studies of physical health are needed for the benefit of integrative development of children. Second, appropriate health education programs suitable for ages of children need to be developed and made compulsory for them. Third, the prohibition of adopting the ranking evaluation in physical education is to be required at the policy level. Forth, for sustainment of the health-related activities for children, the space or facilities specifically prepared for families to exercise and rest are needed. Lastly, new regulations and management systems are needed in order to resolve the safety problems with food for children.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.58
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• pp.141-170
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• 2017

As child neglect and abuse have emerged as social problems deteriorating human rights of children, this study aimed to examine the impacts of child neglect and abuse at community children centers on consciousness of human rights. In addition, this study examined whether self-esteem mediated the relationship between child neglect and abuse and consciousness of human rights. From the community children center panel data, 630 fifth-year children at elementary schools were included as a sample. Key findings of structural equation modeling can be summarized as follows: (1) Child neglect and abuse were found to have negative impacts on children's self-esteem and consciousness of human rights, respectively; (2) self-esteem was positively related to consciousness; (3) self-esteem partially mediated the relationship between child neglect and consciousness; (4) the impact of child abuse on consciousness of human rights was found to be perfectly mediated by self-esteem. We conclude by suggesting policy and practice implications to promote human right-friendly environments.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.123-141
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• 2010

Considering recent changes in care policies for children and the elderly, this study assumed that the familialistic characteristics of the welfare state in Korea might differ from those of the past. In order to explore the direction of change in familialism, this study focused on care policies for children under six and for the elderly who are sixty-five and over. Applying Leitner's four types of familialism-implicit familialism, explicit familialism, optional familialism, and de-familialism-to the study, it analyzed both familialization care policies, such as paid parental leave, homecare allowance, tax credit, and de-familialization care policies, including service provision and subsidies. The results of the study showed that care policy for children under 6 displayed the characteristics of "optional familialism," while care policy for the elderly reflected "de-familialism."

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.93-118
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• 2006

Family policy focusing on family-work linkage is characterized by family policy measures which are made up benefits in cash, leave policies and social infrastructure for child care. This study aims to identify gender ideology of german family policy. Based on diverse indicators, this study is tried to analyze characteristics of benefits in cash, leave policies and social infrastructure for child care in Germany. And then, as the results of policy - implementation the fertility rate and women employment rate are presented. In Germany, family policies have been reformed in order to better support working parents. In spite of diverse endeavors, the results of this study show that german family policy has limits to family-work linkage. Family benefits in cash has had no effect on increase in fertility and women employment because of its traditional gender ideology. Leave policy and social infrastructure have to be improved for better provision of public chid care.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.337-361
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• 2005

This study seeks the implications for the Korean family welfare policies after examining the characteristics of fertility rates and family welfare policies of advanced OECD countries, and comparatively analyzing the fertility rates among clusters of countries having similar family welfare policies. The fertility rates of most advanced OECD countries declined below the population replacement level in the 1970s, and continuously declined slowly after that period. But in the 1990s the fertility rate of some countries increased, on the other hand that of other countries declined. Such a difference of fertility rates suggests that there is some correlation between the fertility rate and the family welfare policy of each country. Advanced countries became concerned about the decline of fertility rate, established the government Population Issues Committee in order to deal with population problems, and increased family welfare supports. But the level and pattern(focusing on maternal employment supports or child-rearing supports) of each country's family welfare policies are differently developed according to its political ideology, cultural and historical background, and economic environments. A comparative assessment of the fertility rate among clusters of countries having similar family welfare policies demonstrates that the higher the level of family welfare supports is and the level of maternal employment supports in comparison with that of maternal child-rearing supports is, the higher of fertility rate is. And a comparative assessment of the fertility rate changes among clusters of countries also shows that the higher the level of family welfare supports is and the level of maternal employment supports in comparison with that of maternal child-rearing supports is, the higher the increase of fertility rate is or the lower the decrease of fertility rate is. The implications for the Korean family welfare policies are summarized as follows. First, it is necessary to establish the government Population Issues Committee which can study systematically fertility rates and population problems, and provide comprehensive population measures. Second, family welfare supports should be expanded through the establishment of family allowances, the prolongation of maternity leave and child-care leave and the upward readjustment of child-care leave benefits, and the extension of public child-care facilities. Third, maternal employment supports such as public child-care facilities and maternity leave should be given more weight than maternal child-rearing supports such as family allowance. Fourth, it is required to prepare social environments which can provide the youth with the hope that child-rearing is not difficult and gives them happiness.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.47 no.10
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• pp.123-136
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to examine whether childbirth encouragement policy is actually helping those childbirth, and also discuss the possible directions of this policy to unfold in the future, should take. For this, We have surveyed 412 married and 437 unmarried men and women in order to investigate the individual values that influence childbirth, From these respondents and we interviewed and surveyed recipients of grants (244people), administrative officers in charge (41people), and experts (34people) to investigate their social view on the Korean government's impact. The results of this study are as follows: Firstly, most of the people (unmarried 70.3%, married 69.1%) surveyed said that important life objectives for them. Secondly, most of the people(male 44.4%, female 73.8%) surveyed said that once married shied away from having babies, (a) due to the finance and childcare burden is heavy of running a family while both parents are fulltime employed (b) because it is difficult to get pregnant due to health problems, and (c) foremost because having several children exacerbates their financial burden. Thirdly, grant recipients(75.4%), administrative officers in charge(65.9%), and experts(53.0%) all said that childbirth encouragement policy currently being implemented has little impact on their childbirth. Finally, it was established that the incentives to encourage childbirth is best suited for individuals that favor having many children.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 2014

The policies is always changes according to the changing times, and changes take place in educational facilities welfare policy. Early childhood facilities, is no exception. Recent, increase in the number of kindergarten and kindergarten children according to policy changes of government's active welfare. This change in pattern, policy changes and increased support to know the impact on the community, and this is not just a simply agenda that they need to be recognized social change. In addition, it can be seen changes in relevant laws and educational process according to childhood policy change flow and depending on social change. In this study, comparative study infants and installation of the facility based on criteria, ensuring standards of early childhood facility site, facilities of evolution of infants care act, act infants, infants of activities safety management. And Standards and facilities that are required to change the direction of the revision is for the purpose of research through changes in kindergarten curriculum to respond the policies flow. Research methods are literature on the various laws and research analysts, leading comparison of different child care and child care policy changes in laws and regulations to review materials are analyzed.