• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1382-1391
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• 2021

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the impact of different forms of iron including myoglobin, hemin, and ferric chloride on the quality of chicken breast meat. Methods: Chicken breast muscles were subjected to 1, 2, 3 mg/mL of FeCl₃, myoglobin and hemin treatment respectively, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde, meat color, tenderness, water holding capacity and morphology of meat was evaluated. Results: Hemin was found to produce more ROS and induce greater extent of lipid oxidation than myoglobin and ferric chloride. However, it showed that hemin could significantly increase the redness and decrease the lightness of the muscle. Hemin was also shown to be prominent in improving water holding capacity of meat, maintaining a relatively higher level of the immobilized water from low-field nuclear magnetic resonance measurements. Morphology observation by hematoxylin-eosin staining further confirmed the results that hemin preserved the integrity of the muscle. Conclusion: The results indicated that hemin may have economic benefit for the industry based on its advantage in improving water holding capacity and quality of meat.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.513-522
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• 1999

DNA hybridization assay using probes prepared from liver was carried out to identify species characterization of the domestic animals. Gel electrophoresis showed that the target DNA extracted from raw muscle were 1kb and uniform pattern while fragments size of heated muscle were irregular. Hybridization was performed by adding 200ng/ml probe in hybridization solution and incubating for 12 hours at $68^{\circ}C$. To obtain good discrimination, applied washing buffer and washing step differently depending on the species. The probes of pig, horse and dog formed the specific hybrids with each target DNA respectively. Although cross reaction was detected in cattle, goat and sheep but signal intensity among these species made the discrimination possible each other. Such pattern was the same in the cases of chicken, turkey and duck. The hybridization pattern of heated muscle was similar to that of raw muscle in general, but the signal intensity was inferior to that of raw muscle. Species identification between closely related animal species, hybridized using the target DNA of such closely related animal species as a blocking agent, remarkable increase of discrimination from the evident decrease of non specific reaction compared with the control group. In addition, in the admixture where certain meat was included in the beef, pork, chicken meat, we could find whether any unjust meat was admixed or not. In this case, detection limit of certain meat in admixture was 1%.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2015

This study aimed to investigate the effects of various mixtures of the chicken skin and wheat fiber on the properties of chicken nuggets. Two skin and fiber mixtures (SFM) were prepared using the following formulations; SFM-1: chicken skin (50%), wheat fiber (20%), and ice (30%); and SFM-2: chicken skin (30%), wheat fiber (20%), and ice (50%). Chicken nugget samples were prepared by adding the following amounts of either SFM-1 or SFM-2: 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. The water content for samples formulated with SFM-1 or SFM-2 was higher than in the control (p<0.05), and increased with increasing the concentrations of SFM-1 and SFM-2. The addition of SFM-1 and SFM-2 had no significant effect on the pH of the samples. The lightness value of uncooked chicken nuggets was higher than that of cooked chicken nuggets for all the samples tested. Chicken nuggets formulated with SFM-1 and SFM-2 displayed higher cooking yields than the control sample. The hardness of the control sample was also lower than the samples containing SFM-1 and SFM-2. The sensory evaluation showed no significant differences between the control and the samples containing SFM. Therefore, the incorporation of a chicken skin and wheat fiber mixture improved the quality of chicken nuggets.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.464-468
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• 2017

The identification of pork in commercially processed meats is one of the most crucial issues in the food industry because of religious food ethics, medical purposes, and intentional adulteration to decrease production cost. This study therefore aimed to develop a method for the detection of pork adulteration in meat products using primers specific for pig mitochondrial DNA. Mitochondrial DNA sequences for pig, cattle, chicken, and sheep were obtained from GenBank and aligned. The 294-bp mitochondrial DNA D-loop region was selected as the pig target DNA sequence and appropriate primers were designed using the MUSCLE program. To evaluate primer sensitivity, pork-beef-chicken mixtures were prepared as follows: i) 0% pork-50% beef-50% chicken, ii) 1% pork-49.5% beef-49.5% chicken, iii) 2% pork-49% beef-49% chicken, iv) 5% pork-47.5% beef-47.5% chicken, v) 10% pork-45% beef-45% chicken, and vi) 100% pork-0% beef-0% chicken. In addition, a total of 35 commercially packaged products, including patties, nuggets, meatballs, and sausages containing processed chicken, beef, or a mixture of various meats, were purchased from commercial markets. The primers developed in our study were able to detect as little as 1% pork in the heat treated pork-beef-chicken mixtures. Of the 35 processed products, three samples were pork positive despite being labeled as beef or chicken only or as a beef-chicken mix. These results indicate that the developed primers could be used to detect pork adulteration in various processed meat products for application in safeguarding religious food ethics, detecting allergens, and preventing food adulteration.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.401-405
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• 2002

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of caponization on the growth performance, breast and thigh muscles physical properties and fiber diameter of the Pectoralis major and Gastrocnemius pars externa in Taiwan country chicken cockerels. Caponized birds were surgically altered at 10 weeks of age. Birds were fed grower and finisher diets ad libitum during an eighteen-week experimental period. The results indicated that the live weight and feed intake in the capons were significantly (p<0.05) higher and the shank length was significantly (p<0.05) longer than in intact birds. There were no significant (p>0.05) differences in feed conversion and mortality between two treatments at 28 weeks of age. Compared with intact birds, the capons had greater (p<0.05) tenderness in the breast and thigh muscles. Cohesion of the breast muscle in the capons was significantly (p<0.05) better than in the intact birds, but the thigh muscles were not significantly (p>0.05) affected. No treatment differences (p>0.05) were associated with cooking loss, muscle chewiness, and elasticity. The capons had a significantly (p<0.05) smaller fiber diameter in the Pectoralis major, but were not significantly (p>0.05) different in the fiber diameter of the Gastrocnemius pars externa. It is concluded that castration did not depress growth compared with the intact birds, but did improve muscle tenderness. This difference was most pronounced in the thigh muscles.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.31-38
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• 1988

연계백숙의 기본 recipe를 선정하고 조리조건을 달리했을 때 근육과 국물에 대한 성분과 관능적 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 관능검사, 기계적 검사, 성분분석을 한 결과를 다음과 같이 요약할 수 있다. 1. 기본 recipe 선정재래식 방법인 남비조리는 닭 700 g. 찹쌀 100 g, 마늘 30 g, 물 2000 cc에 시간은 60분이고, 압력솥 조리는 닭 700 g, 찹쌀 100 g, 마늘 30 g, 물 2000 cc에 시간은 30분이고, 전자렌지 조리는 닭 700 g, 찹쌀 100 g, 마늘 30 g, 물 2000 cc에 시간은 30분이었다. 2. 관능검사 \circled1 국물의 색상은 세가지 조리법으로 조리한 연계백숙간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. \circled2 탁도는 남비조리, 전자렌지조리, 압력솥조리의 순으로 맑았으며, 남비조리는 압력솥조리와 전자렌지 조리와 유의적인 차이가 있었다(p< 0.05). \circled3 점도는 세가지 조리조건간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. \circled4 입속의 감촉과 맛은 남비조리가 가장 좋았으며 압력솥조리와 전자렌지조리는 별 차이 가 없었다. \circled5 건데기는 세가지 조리 조건간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 3. 기계적 검사 \circled1 Rheometer로 측정한 건데기의 절단력시험은 세가지 조건에서 모두 다리살이 가슴살보다 질겼다. 질긴정도는 전자렌지조리, 남비조리, 압력솥조리의 순이었다. \circled2 밥알의 점도는 남비조리, 압력솥조리, 전자렌지조리의 순으로 낮았다. \circled3 Spectrophotometer로 측정한 국물의 탁도는 남비조리, 압력솥조리, 전자렌지조리의 순으로 탁했다. 4. 일반성분 \circled1단백질은 근육이 20.30~24.67%, 국물은 0.29~0.72%였다. \circled2지방은 근육이 27.29~47.15%, 국물은 37~68.38%였다. \circled3 Ca은 근육이 0.53-0.97mg, 국물은 0.34-0.69mg이었다. \circled4 P은 근육이 2.75~3.6mg, 국물은 1.15~6.3mg이었다. \circled5 Fe은 근육이 1.17-1.39mg, 국물은 0.96mg이었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.171-174
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• 1996

Muscle protein synthesis in vitro was measured in chicks fed low-protein(10% CP) and control(20% CP) diets. Right leg muscles (M. gastrocnemius) were mounted on a support made of stainless steel to stretch in constant tension, whereas left leg muscles were unmounted. Both leg muscles were incubated in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium including L-[$4-^3H$] phenylalanine for 60 min to measure in vitro protein synthesis. There was no significant difference in fractional synthesis rate(FSR) of muscle protein between both dietary protein levels, whereas FSR with stretch in constant tension was significantly higher than that without constant tension due to an increase in the absolute synthesis rate(ASR) per unit RNA(the efficiency of RNA to synthesize protein). The ASR of muscle protein in chicks fed the control diet was significantly higher than that in the low-protein diet group.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.82-87
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• 1985

닭의 가슴부위 및 다리부위의 골격근(骨格筋)에서 myofibril, actomyosin 및 myosin을 추출하고 ATPase activity(${\mu}mole$ pi/mg protein/min)로서 나타낸 몇가지 생물학적(生物學的) 활성(活性)을 비교하였다. 가슴부위에서 추출한 actomyosin, myofibril 그리고 myosin의 $Mg^{+2}$-ATPase 활성(活性)은 0.05M KCl에서 0.80, 0.42, 0.40으로서 다리부위에서 추출한 단백질(蛋白質)의 활성(活性)인 0.69, 0.33, 0.28 보다 높았다. 가슴부위와 다리부위의 myosin의 ATPase 활성(活性)은 EDTA 농도보다 $Mg^{+2}$농도가 높아지면서 ATPase 활성(活性)을 1/10정도 저해(沮害)시켰고, $Ca^{+2}$ 농도는 $10^{-3}M$에서 400%까지 활성(活性)을 증가시켰다. 가슴부위와 다리부위에서 추출한 actomyosin의 용해되는 시점(始點)은 각각 0.1M KCl 및 0.15 M KCl이었고 myosin인 경우는 각각 0.25 M KCi 및 0.30 M KCl이었다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.1771-1786
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• 2022

Objective: Inosine monophosphate (IMP) is a key factor that imparts of meat flavor. Differences in the IMP content in the muscles were evaluated to improve chicken meat quality. Methods: For this study, the IMP content was detected by high performance liquid chromatography. The gene expression profiles of Jingyuan chickens with different feeding patterns and different sexes were analyzed by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). Results: Breast muscle IMP content in free-range chickens was extremely significantly higher than that of caged chickens (p<0.01). Breast muscle IMP content in hens was also higher than that of cocks, but the difference was not significant. Correlation analysis showed that the breast muscle IMP content in caged hens and cocks was negatively correlated with the shear force, and the breast muscle IMP content in free-range hens was significantly negatively correlated with the shear force (p<0.05). The two key genes associated with IMP synthesis in chickens with different feeding patterns were glutamate-ammonia ligase (GLUL) and phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A). Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the GLUL and PDE10A genes are involved in glutamine biosynthesis and purine salvage pathways respectively. In addition, GLUL expression was positively correlated with the IMP content in caged and free-range chickens, and PDE10A expression was significantly positively correlated with the IMP content in caged and free-range chickens (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings will facilitate the comprehension of the deposition of IMP in the muscles and thereby aid the process of selection and breeding of good quality local chickens.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.873-883
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• 2017

Variations in the definition of poultry meat quality exist because the quality traits are not solely based on intrinsic and extrinsic factors but also consumers' preference. Appearance quality traits (AQT), eating quality traits (EQT), and reliance quality traits (RQT) are the major factors focused by the consumer before buying good quality of poultry meat. AQT and EQT of poultry meat are controlled by physical and biochemical characteristics of muscle fibers which can be categorized into a total number of fibers (TNF), cross-sectional area of fibers (CSAF), and fiber type composition (FTC). In poultry meat, it has been shown that muscle fiber properties play a key role in meat quality because numerous studies have reported the relationships between quality traits and fiber characteristics. Despite intensive research has been carried out to manipulate the muscle fiber to improve poultry meat quality, demand in a rapid growth of poultry muscle has correlated to the deterioration in the meat quality. The present paper reviews the definition of poultry meat quality, meat quality traits, and variations of meat quality. Also, this review presents recent knowledge underlying the relationship between poultry meat quality traits and muscle fiber characteristics.