• 한국가금학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2018

Salmonella infections in livestock industry cause various problems such as worsening animal welfare and productivity, damaging consumer confidence in the food safety of animal products. Chicken meat and eggs are known as major source of pathogen causing human foodborne infections. Therefore food safety concerns have prompted the poultry producers and governments to introduce the strategy and regulation to control these pathogens. Salmonella can persist for long periods of time in a wide range of spaces including feed bin, feed processing facilities, poultry farm, slaughterhouse, processing plants, etc. For the effective and constant Salmonella control, combination of pre-harvest, harvest and post-harvest measures should be considered comprehensively. The control measures would be most effective at farm level where the contamination initiates. Transmission of pathogen from feed origin to the live poultry and finally to the products was proven already. To control bacteria in the feed ingredients and formula feed, thermal processing, irradiation or chemical treatment may be applied. Chemical treatments to inhibit Salmonella in the feed involve the use of products containing organic acids, formaldehyde, or a combination of such compounds. However, recontamination which might occur during storage and transport process and/or by other various factors should always be under control and eliminated. Feed additives used to control Salmonella in birds' gastrointestinal track can be of various types, including prebiotics, probiotics, organic acids and bacteriophages. Although their mode of action varies, they ultimately inhibit the colonization of Salmonella in the gut and improve the performance of birds. This review describes the strategies that could be adapted to the management of feedstuffs and the use of feed additives in pre-harvest stage to control Salmonella contamination in poultry farming.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.868-872
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• 2007

The microbiological and chemical identification of antibiotic residues was attempted for livestock and seafood products including pork (n=34), beef (n=34), chicken (n=32), flatfish (n=37), armorclad rockfish (n=36), and sea bream (n=27). The meat (n=100) and seafood (n=100) samples were collected from 9 markets in 5 major Korean cities. Antibiotic substances were identified from the classes of tetracyclines, macrolides, penicillins, aminoglycosides, polyethers, peptides, sulfonamides, quinolones, chlorampenicols, and novobiocins using a microbiological assay, the Charm II test and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultra violet (UV) and fluorescence detectors. The results showed that 2 tetracyclines (oxytetracycline and tetracycline) and 3 quinolones (ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and enrofloxacin) were detected in 4 samples of flatfish among all 100 seafood samples tested. No antibiotic residues were detected in the 100 livestock product samples tested. The amounts (min-max, mg/kg) of the residual antibiotics were as follows; tetracycline 0.78-0.85, oxytetracycline 0.49-0.74, ciprofloxacin 0.09-0.83, norfloxacin 0.01-0.21, enrofloxacin 0.12-2.98. These data indicate that the total detection rate of antibiotics in livestock and seafood products was approximately 2%.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.274-285
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• 2006

The differences in food consumption between highly educated, married, unemployed and employed women were analyzed by food group and common food item intake, DDS (dietary diversity score), and DVS (dietary variety score) & DVSS (dietary variety score including condiment). In food group intake, the total amount of food intake of the unemployed women (1,554.0 g) were significantly higher than those of the employed (1,477.9 g), while the amount of food from fungi and mushrooms (4.2 g), seaweeds (2.4 g), and fish and shellfish (60.5 g) of the unemployed women was significantly lower than those of the employed. And the amount of meat, poultry and their products (102.8 g), eggs (29.9 g), and animal oil and fats (4.0 g) was significantly higher than those of the employed. Moreover, the common food items of the unemployed women were ranked as eggs (29.7 g), pork (28.9 g), chicken (27.2 g), and beef (26.7 g) at 7, 8, 9, and 10, respectively. When counting the major food groups consumed, DDS=4 has the highest proportion in both groups (unemployed 47.4%, employed 49.1 %). In case of the subjects who had not consumed one particular food group in DDS=4, dairy group was the first (83%), followed by fruit, meat, and vegetables. This order is same in other DDS levels. In dietary variety score (DVS & DVSS), the average number of foods consumed per day of employed women was higher than those of the unemployed. The level of DVSS in the employed women (31.9), especially, is significantly higher than in the unemployed women (30.6). Consequently, highly educated women should pay more attention to increasing dairy intake, and they have need of various foods, over thirty foods without condiments in their diet every day. In addition, encouraging unemployed women to have a nutritionally balanced diet, and offering nutrition education and guidance, such as appropriate choices about animal foods, are needed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.401-412
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• 2000

Like other livestock, monogastric animals are essential components of the farming systems in the tropical countries. Pigs, chicken and ducks are by far the most important animals in the culture of the peoples of developing countries in the tropics. Traditionally these animals are raised in small farms and they are also the bulk producers of meat, eggs etc. in the tropics. In many countries the farmers of these small farms are unable to meet the requirement set by financial institution and other loan giving agencies for agricultural loan. Thus, the small farmers can get neither the opportunity to generate sufficient income to support the family nor to extend the livestock activities. The production systems are characterized by small number of animals with no or minimal inputs, low outputs and periodic destruction of animals by disease. Typically the litter size or flocks are small in number with each household containing 5-6 pigs and 7-10 poultry. Animals are owned by individual households and mostly maintained under a scavenging systems with little or no inputs for housing, feeding or health care. Because of the nature of this production system, productivity of these animals is rather low. The low level of inputs is due to a lack of capital and a low risk oriented outlook. The feed resource base for monogastric is scavenging and consists of household waste, roots and tuber, grain by-products and anything edible found in the immediate environment. Usually farmers select breeding gilts from their own female piglets or to a lesser extent, buy them from neighbors for natural mating. As regards poultry attempts have been made to increase egg and meat production by improving local poultry birds by upgrading and crossbreeding with exotic germ plasma in the tropics. Animal disease present a major constraint to animal production in the tropical region and the extent of the losses due to disease is very high.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.762-779
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Mediterranean diet is an environmentally friendly and healthy diet model. The diet offers many vegetables, fruits, nuts, and olive oil to consumers. In addition, it provides moderate amounts of fish and chicken, smaller quantities of dairy products, red meat, and processed meat. The Mediterranean diet has a high anti-inflammatory and antioxidant content, and it causes many physiological changes that can provide a physical performance advantage. This study examined the effects of a 15-day menu, which was planned using foods with a low acid load within the Mediterranean diet rules, on the exercise performance, lactate elimination, anthropometric measurements, and body composition. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Fifteen professional male athletes between the ages of 13 and 18, who were engaged in ski running, were included in the experimental study. Dietary intervention was applied for 15 days. The athlete performances were evaluated by applying the vertical jump test, hand grip strength, 20 meters shuttle run test, and Borg fatigue scale. After the shuttle run test (every 3 min for 30 min), blood was drawn from the finger, and the lactate elimination time was calculated. Performance and lactate measurements, body analysis, and anthropometric measurements were taken before and after dietary intervention. RESULTS: The vertical jump height and hand grip strength increased after the intervention (P < 0.05). The test duration, total distance, the number of shuttles, and maximum oxygen consumption parameters of the shuttle run test increased (P < 0.05). After the intervention, the athletes' perceived fatigue scores decreased in several stages of the shuttle run test (P < 0.05). The lactate elimination time and athlete's body composition were similar in repeated measurements (P > 0.05). In the last measurements, the upper middle arm circumference decreased while the height of the athletes increased (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results show that the Mediterranean diet is a safe and feasible dietary approach for aerobic performance and strength increase.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2024

Food is essential for sustenance and reflects a country's identity, making it crucial to identify the cultural needs for effectively localizing Korean food. This study surveyed 825 adults from four continents (eight countries) to examine their preferences, familiarity, and attitudes toward Korean food. Significant correlations(p< .001) were found between the familiarity and preference for Korean food, with variations observed across continents. Among the representative Korean food items, the average preference score was 4.67, and the purchase/recommendation intention score was 4.88. Seven items received above-average ratings (e.g., gogi-deopbap and kimchi-bokkeumbap), while some items showed high liking but low purchase/recommendation intention (e.g. dak-jjim and galbi-jjim). In addition, items such as gimbap and tteokbokki had high purchase/recommendation intention but low liking, and kimchi and vegetable foods etc. received low liking and purchase/recommendation intentions. In terms of the preferred meat according to the cooking method and seasoning, beef respondents preferred grilled·stir-fried and soup·stew·hot pot cooking methods, while pork or chicken respondents preferred grilled·stir-fried and frying methods. Soy sauce was the most preferred seasoning for all meat responses, followed by red pepper paste. These research findings provide fundamental data for developing Korean food products, segmented by continent.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권7호
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• pp.994-1002
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• 2012

An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of age and caponization on the development blood and bone characteristics development in male country chickens in Taiwan. A total of two hundred 8-wk-old LRI native chicken cockerels, Taishi meat No.13 from LRI-COA, were used as experimental animals. Cockerels were surgically caponized at 8 wks of age. Twelve birds in each group were bled and dressed from 8 wks to 35 wks of age at 1 to 5 wk intervals. The results indicated that the plasma testosterone concentration was significantly (p<0.05) lower in capons after 12 wks of age (caponized treatment after 4 wks) than that of the intact males. The relative tibia weight, bone breaking strength, cortical thickness, bone ash, bone calcium, bone phosphorus and bone magnesium contents were significantly (p<0.05) higher in intact males, while capons had higher (p<0.05) plasma ionized calcium, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase concentration. The plasma testosterone concentration, relative tibia weight, tibia length, breaking strength, cortical thickness, bone ash, calcium, and phosphorus contents of intact males chickens increased significantly (p<0.05) with the advance of age. In addition, the relative tibia weight of capons peaked at 18 wks of age, and declined at 35 wks of age. The bone ash, calcium and phosphorus content increased most after 14 wks of age in male native chickens in Taiwan. Also, tibia length and cortical thickness peaked at 22 wks of age. However, the peak of bone strength was found at 26 wks of age. These findings support the assertion that androgens can directly influence bone composition fluxes in male chickens. Caponization caused a significant increase in bone loss at 4 wks post treatment, which reflected bone cell damage, and demonstrated reductions in the relative tibia weight, breaking strength, cortical thickness, bone ash, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium contents, and increases in plasma ionized calcium, inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase concentration.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.319-328
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• 2009

This study investigated the epidemiology of Listeria (L.) monocytogenes, a food-borne pathogen. The epidemiology of food-borne pathogens is of great importance for clarifying bacterial origin and preventing bacterial contamination and infection. This work examined 68 L. monocytogenes strains, including 11 reference strains and 57 isolates from imported US beef, domestic meats (beef, pork, chicken meat), raw milk, and milk plants. The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) techniques were optimized to develop a standard molecular epidemiological analysis of L. monocytogenes. There was great genetic variability among the isolates, which produced 24 and 34 RAPD patterns with primer HLWL85 and HLWL74, respectively. The discriminatory power of the RAPD methods with HLWL85 and HLWL74 primer were very high (DI = 0.957; S ${\geq}$ 80%, S ${\geq}$ 95%). Some RAPD types were specific to origin. A few RAPD types were specific for L. monocytogenes strains belonging to a particular serotype. Using the HLWL85 primer, the strains isolated from milk plants could be distinguished from the other strains. And using the HLWL74 primer, the strains isolated from imported beef (US) could be distinguished completely from the other strains.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 1993

This study was carried out in order to develop supplementary foods for infants using Korean foods. Thirty-four different kinds of supplementary foods were developed and fourteen representative ones were selected to be analyzed chemically. The results are as follows: 1. The developed supplementary foods were 34 kinds and divided into 3 stages. First stage is designed for the babies just beginning to eat pureed vegetables and fruits. Second stage combined the nutritional attributes of both vegetables and meat. Third stage featured tender, bite-size pieces of meats and vegetables that appealed to the most mature tastes of basies. 2. In the production of prepared foods; water, milk, vegetable juice, fruit juice, and soy milk were used as the liquid source; rice, rice starch, chestnut, noodle, potatoes, sweet potatoes, rice cakes as the carbohydrate source; fish, meats soybean curd, beans, eggs, chicken, cow liver as the protein source; and vegetables and fruits were used as vitamin & mineral source. 3. The approximate composition range of the products were 10.91∼24.46% carbohydrate, 0.15∼6.06% protein, 0.092∼7% fat, 0.13∼ 1.37% ash, 0.63∼36.34% calcium, 0.092∼0.48% iron and 0.42∼16.36% vitamin C.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.74-82
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• 1999

실험재료는 시중에서 판매되는 우육, 돈육, 계육을 이용하였다. 생육 시료들은 PVDC 필름을 이용하여 함기포장과 진공포장을 하였으며, 전자선 조사(0, 1, 2, kGy)를 실시한 후 $2{\sim}4^{\circ}C$의 냉장실에서 보관하면서 저장기간 별(0, 7, 14일)실험에 사용하였다. 가열 시료들은 electric oven에서 육 내부가 $70^{\circ}C$가 될 때까지 가열한 다음 함기포장과 진공포장을 즉시 실시한 후 생육 시료들과 같은 조건으로 전자선 조사를 실시한 후 $2{\sim}4^{\circ}C$의 냉장실에서 보관하면서 생육 시료들과 같은 저장기간별 콜레스테롤 산화물의 발생 종류와 발생량을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 전자선 조사를 실시한 (0, 1, 2, kGy) 우육 sample에서 생육-진공포장 처리구에서는 전 저장기간 동안(저장 14일) 7-ketocholesterol이 trace ($0.5\;{\mu}g/g$ 이하) 발생하였다. 그러나 $7{\beta}-hydroxycholesterol$은 전 저장기간 동안 $8.02{\sim}101.30\;{\mu}g/g$의 범위로 발생하였다. 전체 발생량은 가열-함기포장 처리구에서 가장 많이 발생하였으며, 발생량은 $51.18{\sim}155.90\;{\mu}g/g$이었다. 돈육, 계육 sample은 우육 sample에서와 같이 콜레스테롤 산화물질의 종류가 비슷하게 발생하였으며, 처리구에 따른 콜레스테롤 산화물 전체 발생량은 조사 수준이 증가할수록 유의적으로 증가하였으며(P<0.05), 저장기간이 경과함에 따라 전체 발생량도 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.05).