• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.591-594
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• 2009

Acute and massive death was noted in 10-week-old chickens, broiler breeder, housed in the floor pens. The number of dead chickens exceeded 20 birds each day. Grossly, fibrinous peritonitis with adhesion of mesenteries and intestinal organs was noted. The ceca were enlarged, expanded, and thickened with congestion. Cecal lumen was distended with a caseous core composed of serous, fibrinopurulent, and hemorrhagic exudates with desquamated masses of epithelial cells. The liver had multifocal white irregular necrotic foci surrounded by a raised ring. Light and electron microscope revealed Histomonas meleagridis in the liver with its characteristic structures and not in the intestinal mucoca and submucosa. In this case, the examination of parasite, larvae and egg was conducted more carefully; however, we could not find eggs or worms of Heterakis gallinarum in the dead or live chickens and earthworms in the soils of floor pens. Therefore, we concluded that an outbreak of blackhead disease probably occurred by direct transmission of histomonads from chickens to chickens in this case.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2006

In this study, antimicrobial activity of oriental herbal medicine extract (OHME) was tested for some organisms and the preventive effects of OHME for the colonization of Campylobacter jejuni on epithelium of small intestine were examined in Korean native broiler chickens fed a forage added 1.0% OHME. The isolated Campylobacter spp were biotyped, serotyped and the susceptiblility of isolates to antimicrobial agent were examined. The growth of Staphylococcus aureus was inhibited in 0.25% OHME. C. jejuni and C. coli were inhibited in 0.1% OHME, and Salmonella spp, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Escheichia coli 0157 were inhibited in 2.0% OHME. For the application of forage added 1.0% OHME in broiler chicken farm, the frequency of Campylobacter spp from feces, liver and spleen sample of chickens were examined during 2 weeks interval. The frequence of Campylobacter spp in feces from chickens fed assorted forage (control group) was increased from 25% in first week to 75% in seventh week. But the frequence of Campylobacter spp in feces sample from chickens 134 forage added OHME was slightly reduced from 25% in first week to 15% in seventh week. The frequence of Campylobacter spp in liver, and spleen was 13.7% and 10% respectively after seventh week in control group, but the Campylobacter spp was not isolated after fifth week in live and spleen from chickens fed forage added OHME. Isolated 56 strains of thermophilic Campyiobacter from Korean native chickens was classified as C. jejuni (76.7%), C. coli (214%) and C. laridis (1.6%). The majority of 43 isolates of C. jejuni was classified on biotype I (60.4%), II (30.2%). Most of 12 isolates of C.coli were biotype I (83.3%). Isolated 31 strains C. jejuni of showed 11 different serotype, and serotype 36 (18.6%), 17 (13.9%)were most frequent. Isolated 10 strains of C. coli showed 5 different serotypes and serotype 31 (33.3%) and 21 (25%) were relatively common. Isolated Campylobacter spp were highly susceptible to nalidixic acid, amikacin, gentamicin, colistin and chloramphenucol.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary bee venom on serum characteristics, antioxidant activity, and hepatic fatty acid composition in broiler chickens. A group of 875 one-day-old feather-sexed male broiler chicks were randomly allocated to five treatments with seven replicates (25 birds/replicate) for three weeks. A corn-soybean meal-based diet was used as the basal diet. Five dietary treatments were compared: 1) basal diet, 2) basal diet containing $10{\mu}g/kg$ of bee venom powder, 3) basal diet containing $50{\mu}g/kg$ of bee venom powder, 4) basal diet containing $100{\mu}g/kg$ of bee venom powder, and 5) basal diet containing $500{\mu}g/kg$ of bee venom powder. At 21 days, one bird per pen was slaughtered by asphyxiation in $CO_2$ gas, and blood was collected to measure serum characteristics and antioxidant activity. In addition, the liver was excised to measure the concentration of malondialdehyde and determine fatty acid composition. Increasing dietary bee venom in the diet failed to affect most serum parameters except for triglyceride and non-esterified fatty acids. Dietary bee venom inclusion quadratically increased the concentration of stearic acid (P<0.05), but decreased palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, mono-unsaturated fatty acids, and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. Finally, dietary bee venom tended to lower hepatic malondialdehyde contents quadratically (P=0.054). In conclusion, our study revealed that dietary bee venom improved antioxidant capacity and affected fatty acid metabolism in broiler chickens.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 1990

Rabbits were experimentally infected with rabbit hemorrhagic disease virs and the viral pathogenicity, hemagglutinability, and the effect of physicochemical factors were studied. The experimental results were summariaed as follows: 1. Mean rectal temperature of 11 infected rabbits was $40.0{\pm}0.47^{\circ}C$ prior to the virus inoculation, and $39.9{\pm}0.75^{\circ}C$ after 12hrs., $40.2{\pm}0.65^{\circ}C$ after 24hrs., $40.1{\pm}0.77^{\circ}C$ after 36hurs, and $40.6{\pm}0.56^{\circ}C$ just before the death. 2. Mean death time of infected rabbits was $40.3{\pm}22.0$ honrs and its range was 24 to 93 hours. 3. O, B, AB and A type of human erythrocytes were shown their HA in the order, but rabbit and chicken erythrocytes were not hemagglutinated by the virus. 4. In the hemagglutination, less than 0.25 per cent of a final concentration of erythrocytes and 0.2 per cent of BSA in PBS resulted in the best hemagglutination. Phosphate concentration in a range of 0.01M to 0.10M in PBS was not influenced on the hemagglutination reaction, and its pH 7.0 resulted in a better HA. 5. The hemagglutinating titers, in log 2 scale, of organs and tissues of the virus infected rabbits were $9.3{\pm}3.8$ (liver), $9.1{\pm}3.9$ (blood), $6.2{\pm}2.6$ (spleen) and $5.0{\pm}2.5$ (kidney). 6. The physicochemical factors such as heating ($50^{\circ}C$, 10 min.), trypsin treatment (0.05 pre cent, 5 min.), acid treatment (pH 3.0, 20 min.) and ether extraction (3 times) were not affective to the stability of virus and viral HA activities.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.95-96
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• 2004

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of feather meal (FM its) digests on the performance of broiler chicks and taurine content in broiler meat. A total of 1,000 broiler chickens were assigned to five dietary treatments : Control, FM diet(FM), FM+pyridoxine(FM+Pyridox), H$_2$O$_2$ treated FM diet(H$_2$O$_2$-FM) and enzyme treated FM diet (Enzyme-FM). Treated diets were supplemented with FM or FM digests at the level of 5 % to the control diet. During the stater period, weight gain of chicks fed FM+Pyridox was significantly higher(P<0.05) than those of the other FM or FM digest treatments but was not different from the control. Weight gam of overall period were not significantly different among treatments. Feed intake of the control was greater than that of FM or FM digest treatments. Feed conversion ratio(feed intake/gain) of chicks fed FM and H$_2$O$_2$-FM were significantly higher than those of Enzyme-FM and FM+Pyridox, but were not significantly different from the control. Taurine contents of leg and breast mucle were significantly (P<0.01) different among treatments but those of liver were not significantly different. Taurine content of FM+Pyridox was highest in both leg and breast muscle. It was 85 % higher in leg muscle and 15 % higher in breast muscle than that of the control. Sensory evaluation data showed significant but not consistant responses in various parameters. FM + Pyridox treatment showed highest score in aroma of raw leg muscle of male and in juiciness and tenderness of broiled breast muscle of male chickens. Control group showed highest color score in raw leg muscle of female and lowest overall acceptability score in broiled breast and leg muscle of male chicken. It is concluded that taurine can be enriched especially in broiler leg meat by 5 % FM diet supplemented with pyridoxine.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.93-99
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• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate the cause of a new duck disease occured in southern part of Korea. A meat type duck farm located in Kangjin, Chonnam Province had experienced outbreaks of septicemic disease at around 20 days of age in nearly every batch of ducklings from early spring to early summer in 1989. Main symptoms of the birds were eye and nasal discharge, depression, inappetence, diarrhea and nervous signs such as tremor and ataxia. Some birds died suddenly without any signs. Mortality reached from 20% to 80% in severe cases. The autopsy findings of the affected ducklings revealed consistantly severe airsacculitis, fibropericarditis, perihepatitis and occasionaly enteritis and distended ureter with urate deposit. A rod shaped gram-negative bacterium was isolated purely from brain and liver of the diseased ducks by culturing the specimens on blood agar for 48 hours in candle jar. The isolate neither produced hemolysis nor grew on MacConKey Agar. It formed colony relatively slowly being recognizable at least 36 hours after culturing, reaching colony size of about 1mm in diameter at 48 hours culture. The colony looked iridescent under oblique light and had muddy odor. The isolate did not ferment carbohydrates tested but produced gelatinase, hippuricase and oxidase which were considered as characteristics of P anatipestifer. The isolate induced similar signs and lesions when infected experimentally into ducks of 3 to 38 days age via intraperitoneum or intratrachea. However it did not produce any clinical signs wen inoculated via intranasal route. It produced only mild signs in chicken just injected with a very large dose. The bacteria did not produce any signas or lesions in mice. It was concluded through biochemical and physiological tests and animal inoculation tests that the new disease was caused by P anatipestifer.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1479-1485
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• 2008

Two completely randomized block design experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of gamma irradiation processing of canola meal on performance parameters of broiler chicks (Ross 308) and protein quality of canola meal. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) and net protein ratio (NPR) were measured as indices of canola meal protein quality. Samples of canola meal were tested for nutritional value after being irradiated at dose levels 10, 20 and 30 kGy. Glucosinolate content was reduced 40, 70 and 89 percent at irradiation dose levels of 10, 20 and 30 kGy respectively (p<0.01). Percent of erucic acid in total fatty acid content increased 44, 58 and 48% as a function of radiation dose (p<0.01). Dose levels did not affect feed conversion ratio (FCR) and body weight gain of chicks (p>0.05). Liver weight was decreased by irradiation dose (p<0.05). The same trend was observed for kidney weights, but this trend was not significant (p>0.05). Gamma irradiation processing of canola meal had no significant effect on $T_3$ level in blood of chickens that consumed canola meal, but $T_4$ level of chicken blood at the 30 kGy dose decreased significantly (p<0.05). PER and NPR were not affected by radiation dose level (p>0.05). Gamma irradiation seems to be a good procedure to improve the nutritional quality of canola meal.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.903-909
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• 2003

For the last two decades, energy utilization of growing chicks has been studied more and more. This paper focuses on the energy utilization estimated by the metabolizable energy (ME) values and the efficiency at which ME is used for growth of chicks under various nutritional environment. Degree of saturation of dietary fats is responsible for nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy (AMEn) of fats. The effect of dietary fat sources on heat production depends on the kind of unsaturated fatty acids as well as the degree of saturation. Medium chain triglyceride shows lower AME and net energy than long chain triglyceride. Phytase as feed additives increases the AME values of the diet along with improvement of the phosphorous utilization. Ostriches have higher ability to metabolize the energy of fiber-rich foodstuffs than fowls. Their higher ability seems to be associated with fermentation of fiber in the hindgut. Proportions of macronutrients in the diets have influenced not only the gain of body protein and energy but also the oxidative phosphorylation of the chicken liver. Essential amino acids deficiency reduces ME/GE (energy metabolizability) little, if any. Growing chicks respond to a deficiency of single essential amino acids with the reduction of energy retained as protein and increased energy retained as fat. Thus, energy retention is proportional to ME intake despite deficiency, and efficiency of ME utilization is not affected by deficiency of amino acids. Effect of oral administration of clenbuterol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, on the utilization of ME varies with the dose of the agents. Although the heat production related to eating behavior has been estimated less than 5% of ME, tube-feeding diets decreases HI by about 30%.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.1-21
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• 2016

This article examined the different types of Jeonuhwa as recorded in 16 royal palace studies from the Joseon dynasty (1392-1909). The ingredients used in Jeonuhwa during the Joseon dynasty were categorized as follows: 16.0% for gray mullet(秀魚) and fish(生鮮), 14.2% each for liver and cow stomach, 12.3% for sea cucumber(海蔘), 4.7% each for crab(蟹), clam(生蛤), and chunyup(千葉), 3.9% each for pork meat(豬肉), octopus, 2.8% each for oyster(石花), pheasant(生雉), and chicken(鷄), 2.0% each for croaker(民魚), and brain (骨), 0.9% each for duck(鴨子), pigeon(山鳩), dobi(都飛), snapper, white fish(白魚), mussel(紅蛤), haeran(蟹卵), quail(鶉鳥), egg(鷄卵), and sesame(實荏子). This observation may be associated with commercial industrial development that prevailed during the late Joseon dynasty. Further studies will be conducted on recipes and ingredients recorded in Euigwe in order to develop a standardized recipe for Jeonuhwa.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.135-139
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• 1994

In the year 1992/93 leucocytozoonosis could be first diagnbosed in 87 chickens of 4 chicken farms in Honam districts. The diagnosis was confirmed by detection of the blood merozoites or gametocytes and histological finding of the schizonts from various organs with some clinical signs. Cases of leucocytozoonosis only occurred from the end of June to the middle of September. Artificial infection could be observed by means of inoculation of infected blood merozoites. The schizonts were found in the liver and cardiac muscle of the different chickens recovered from the natural infection, respectively, in September and next February. Thus the relapse or long-term infection in cold seasons might be possible. The unique gametocyte antigen polypeptide was 50.1 kD.