An Outbreak of Chicken Histomoniasis in the Absence of Normal Vectors
![]() ![]() |
Son, Hwa-Young
(Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine.College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University)
Kim, Nam-Soo (Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine.College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University) Ryu, Si-Yun (Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine.College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University) Shin, Hyun-Jin (Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine.College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University) Park, Min-Kyu (Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine.College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University) Kim, Hyeon-Cheol (School of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University) Cho, Jeong-Gon (College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio-Safety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University) Park, Bae-Keun (Research Institute of Veterinary Medicine.College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University) |
1 | Farr M, Further observations on survival of the protozoan parasite Histomonas meleagridis and the eggs of the poultry nematode in the feces of infected birds. Cornell Vet 1957;51: 3-13 |
2 | Fuller J, Hu L, Armstrong PL, McDougald LR. Histomonas meleagridis in chickens: attemped transmission in the absence of vectors. Avian Dis 2006; 50: 277-279 DOI ScienceOn |
3 | Gibbs BJ. The occurrence of the protozoan parasite Histomonas meleagridis in the adults and eggs of the cecal worm Heterakis gallinae. J Protozool 1962; 9: 288-293 |
4 | Hu J, McDougald LR. Infection of turkeys with Histomonas meleagridis by the cloacal drop method. Avain Dis 2004; 48: 746-750 DOI ScienceOn |
5 | Lund EE. Oral transmission of histomonas in turkeys. Poult Sci 1956; 35: 900-904 DOI |
6 | Park JW, Jun MH, Cho SW, Cho WY. Histomoniasis of chucker partridge in Korea: A case report. Korean J Vet Res 1992; 32 (2): 235-238 |
7 | Springer WT, Johnson J, Reid WM. Transmission of histomoniasis with male Heterakis gallinarum (Nematoda). Parasitology 1969; 59: 401-405 DOI ScienceOn |
8 | Tyzzer EE, Collier J. Induced and natural transmission of blackhead in the absence of Heterakis. J Infect Dis 1925; 37: 265-284 DOI |
9 | Alkhalaf AN, Mahmound OM. An outbreak of concurrent Histomonas meleagridis and Enteroccoccus fecalis infection in ducks. Asian J Poult Sci 2009; 3(1): 15-18 DOI |
10 | Farmer RT. Stephenson J. Infectious enterohepatitis (bleackhead) in turkeys: a comparative study of methods of infection. J Comp Patho Therapeutics 1949; 59: 119-126 |
11 | Gerbod D, Edgcomb VP, Noel C, Zenner L, Wintjens R, Delgado-Viscogliosi P, Holder ME, Sogin ML, Viscogliosi E. Phylogenetic position of the trichomonad parasite of turkeys, Histomonas meleagridis (Smith) Tyzzer, inferred from small subunit rRNA sequence. J Eukaryot Microbiol 2001; 48: 498-504 DOI ScienceOn |
12 | Soulsby EJL. Helminths, arthropods and protozoa of domesticated animals. 7th ed. London, Balliere Tinadall 1982; 567-572 |
13 | Horton-Smith C, Long PL. The infection of chickens (Gallus gallus) with histomonad suspensions. Parasitology 1956; 46: 76-90 |
14 | Hu J, Fuller L, Armstrong PL, McDougald LR. Histomonas meleagridis in chickens: attempted transmission in the absence of vectors. Avian Dis 2006; 50: 277-279 DOI ScienceOn |
15 |
McDougald LR. Protozoal infections. In Diseases of Poultry, |
16 | Grabill HW, Smith T. Production of fatal blackhead in turkeys by feeding embryonated eggs of Heterakis papillosa. J Exp Med 1920; 34: 647-662 |
17 | Hu J, Fuller L, Armstrong PL, McDougald LR. Blackhead disease in turkeys: direct transmission of Histomonas meleagridis from bird to bird in a laboratory model. Avian Dis 2005; 49: 328-331 DOI ScienceOn |
18 | Tyzzer EE. The flagellate character of the parasite producing “blackhead” in turkeys Histomonas meleagridis. J Parasitol 1920; 6: 124-130 DOI ScienceOn |
19 | Sorvai R. Naukkarinen A, Sorvari TE. Anal sucking-like movements in chicken and chick embryo followed by transportation of environmental material to bursa of Fabricius, ceca and cecal tonsils. Poultry Sci 1977; 56: 1426-1429 DOI ScienceOn |
20 | Lund EE, Wehr EE, Ellis DJ. Earthworm transmission of Heterakis and Histomonas to turkeys and chickens. J Parasitol 1966; 52: 899-902 DOI ScienceOn |
21 |
Kemp RL, Springer WT. Histomoniasis in diseases of poultry ( |
22 | McDougald LR, Fuller L. Blackhead disease in turkeys: Direct transmission of Histomonas meleagridis from bird to bird in a laboratory model. Avian Dis 2005; 49 (3): 328-331 DOI ScienceOn |
![]() |