• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.215-223
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• 2012

This study was conducted to prepare canned skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis in the mixture of isotonic beverage and tomato paste (ST-S) for use as a health food. An analysis of the time-temperature profile and viable cells showed that a reasonable F0 value for ST-S preparation was 4 min. The proximate composition of ST-S was 76.8% moisture, 20.2% crude protein, 0.8% crude lipid, 1.7% ash and 0.5% carbohydrate. The calorie content of ST-S was 94.8 kcal, which is 47.4% lower than that of commercial canned skipjack tuna in oil (ST-O) and 2.2% lower than that of commercial chicken breast in water (CB-B). The total amino acid content of ST-S was 18.54 g/100 g, which is 31.4% lower than that of ST-O and 7.9% lower than that of CB-B. The major amino acids in ST-S were aspartic acid and glutamic acid. An enrichment effect due to such minerals as phosphorus, potassium and iron would be expected on consuming 100 g of ST-S. The major fatty acids in ST-S were 16:0 (27.4%), 18:1n-9 (14.3%) and 22:6n-3 (27.8%), which are different from those in ST-O and CB-B. The major free amino acids in ST-S were glutamic acid (8.1%), histidine (38.6%) and its related dipeptide, such as anserine (15.7%). In an evaluation of taste, flavor and color, ST-S was found to be superior to ST-O and CB-B.

• Development and Reproduction
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.127-133
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• 2006

[ $17\;{\alpha}-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase(P450_{C17})$ ] is the key enzyme mediating the conversion of progesterone to $17\;{\alpha}-hydroxyprogesterone$, ultimately to androstenedione during steroidogenesis. R. dybowskii's ovarian $P450_{C17}$ cDNA was cloned to understand the regulatory mechanism of ovarian steroidogenic pathway at the molecular level in amphibian. A 2.5kb cDNA clone encoding a single open-reading frame with a 519 deduced amino acid was isolated with the screening of ovarian cDNA library. This sequence contained the three highly conserved domains as seen in $P450_{C17}$ of other species. The comparison of amino acid sequence of Rana $P450_{C17}$ with other animal's $P450_{C17}$ showed relatively high identity with 76% in Xenopus, 63% in chicken, 60% in rainbow trout, and 45% in human. Phylogenic analysis also indicated that Rana $P450_{C17}$ gene was evolutionary well conserved among vertebrate. Northern analysis indicated that the two different sizes of $P450_{C17}$ transcripts with approximately 2.5 and 3.6kb were detected in ovary tissue, but not in other tissues. The expression vector of Rana $P450_{C17}$ clearly showed the $17\;{\alpha}-hydroxylase$ activity converting the exogenous progesterone into $17\;{\alpha}-hydroxyprogesterone$ in the nonsteroidogenic COS-1 cells. Therefore, Rana $P450_{C17}$ cDNA is very useful to investigate the molecular mechanism of the ovarian steroidogenesis in amphibian.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 한국가금학회 2001년도 제18차 정기총회 및 학술발표 PROCEEDINGS
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• pp.71-73
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• 2001

In this study, we could improve transmission efficiency of germline chimeras by transfer of gonadal PGCs (gPGCs) cultured in vitro. Of hatched recipient chicks, 301 chickens (141 males and 160 females) were brought up to sexual maturity and these WLs (KOC) were mated with KOCs for testcross, resulting in 27 germline chimeras (15 males and 12 females) identified by black feather color of their progenies. The production efficiency of germline chimera production of experimental groups was observed (P=0.6831). The average transmission efficiency of proven germline chimeras was 0.6 ∼56.5% (15.0% on average). The transmission efficiency of experimental group which were transferred 10-days cultured gPGCs without Ficoll treatment was highest (49.7%) and that of experimental stock which transferred non-cultured gPGCs with Ficoll treatment was lowest (0.6%). The duration of in vitro culture before transferring was significantly important for the high efficiency of germline transmission. Transferring 10-days cultured gPGCs made the transmission efficiency higher rather than transferring non-cultured and 5-days cultured gPGCs, 50 times and 10 times, respectively (p<0.0001). However, Ficoll treatment for increasing the population ratio of gPGCs negatively affected the transmission efficiency and the effects of sexuality and the reciprocal interaction between treatments showed no significant differences. These findings demonstrated that the crucial factors for improving the germline transmission were the duration of in vitro culture prior to transfer. Thus, we developed the complete system for production of germline chimera using cultured gPGCs with highly improved efficiency and this system would be useful for genetic manipulation and obtaining the transgenic aves.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2016

This study was conducted to compare the general composition and immunomodulatory activity of breast and thigh meats from four lines of Korean native chickens: Yeonsan Ogye, Hyunin Black, Hwangbong, and Hoengseong Yakdak. White Leghorn was used as a control. Fifteen male chickens (three chickens in each line) were grown under the same conditions and slaughtered at 13 weeks old. The four lines of Korean native chickens, regardless of the part, had higher contents of crude fat (p<0.05) than White Leghorn. The cholesterol contents were significantly higher in Hyunin Black and significantly lower in Hoengseong Yakdak than those of other chickens (p<0.05). The immunomodulatory effect, assessed by macrophage cell proliferation and nitric oxide production, was only observed in the breast meat of the four lines of Korean native chickens. The phagocytic activity of macrophage cells was significantly augmented by the breast meat of Hyunin Black and Hoengseong Yakdak. Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-10 and $IFN-{\gamma}$, was significantly suppressed by Korean native chickens compared with White Leghorn. These results suggested that the four lines of Korean native chickens exhibited greater immune-enhancing activity than White Leghorn.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.181-188
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• 2017

Bacteriophages are viruses that exclusively infect bacterial cells, and lytic bacteriophages can be used as a safe alternative to antibiotics for the prevention and treatment of animal diseases. In this study, we attempted to isolate and characterize bacteriophages for Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum (Salmonella Gallinarum), the causative agent of fowl typhoid in chickens. Ten bacteriophages were isolated from samples of sewage from seven poultry slaughterhouses. One of these isolate, designated as $SG{\Phi}-YS$ SP and classified in the family Myoviridae, produced plaques with seven Salmonella Gallinarum strains. However, no plaques were produced with any of the Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis strains tested, suggesting that this bacteriophage is Salmonella Gallinarum specific. To assess the lytic ability of $SG{\Phi}-YS$ SP against Salmonella Gallinarum, bacterial growth rates following inoculation of the bacteriophage were compared with the control. The $SG{\Phi}-YS$ SP treatment, with a multiplicity of infection of 10, reduced the growth of Salmonella Gallinarum by 2.21 log cfu/mL at 6 h, and 2.13 log cfu/mL at 9 h, suggesting that this bacteriophage isolate could be used for the prevention or treatment of Salmonella Gallinarum infection in chickens.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.591-594
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• 2009

Acute and massive death was noted in 10-week-old chickens, broiler breeder, housed in the floor pens. The number of dead chickens exceeded 20 birds each day. Grossly, fibrinous peritonitis with adhesion of mesenteries and intestinal organs was noted. The ceca were enlarged, expanded, and thickened with congestion. Cecal lumen was distended with a caseous core composed of serous, fibrinopurulent, and hemorrhagic exudates with desquamated masses of epithelial cells. The liver had multifocal white irregular necrotic foci surrounded by a raised ring. Light and electron microscope revealed Histomonas meleagridis in the liver with its characteristic structures and not in the intestinal mucoca and submucosa. In this case, the examination of parasite, larvae and egg was conducted more carefully; however, we could not find eggs or worms of Heterakis gallinarum in the dead or live chickens and earthworms in the soils of floor pens. Therefore, we concluded that an outbreak of blackhead disease probably occurred by direct transmission of histomonads from chickens to chickens in this case.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.117-124
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• 2002

Betaine functions as an osmoregulators in the cells and its inclusion in diet can spare the choline and carcass fat reduction in chicken. Thus, two hundred eighty eight laying hens were fed with 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000 ppm of betaine from seventy eight to eighty six weeks of age during the environmentally high temperature stress. Com and soybean basal diets contained 2,800 kcal/kg ME and 16% CP. Egg production, feed intake, and feed conversion were examined for eight weeks. Egg quality characters, serum cholesterol, liver betaine, and lower ileal osmolality were measured at the end of experiment. Egg Production rates of hens fed with 500 or 2,000 ppm of betaine were 75.06 and 75.02%, respectively and tended to increase compared to the control. The feed conversion(FCR) of these treatments was significantly(P<0.05) improved compared to that of control although it did not significantly differ in the e99 Production rates between 500 and 2,000 ppm of betain groups. Eggshell breaking strength of hens fed betaine was significantly(P<0.05) higher than those of control. However, betaine supplements did not influence to improving the albumen height and Haugh unit. Liver betaine in hens fed with betaine was linearly increased unto 2,000 ppm. The birds fed with 2,000 ppm betaine showed significantly(P<0.05) higher in the liver betaine than the control birds. Total cholesterol and triglyceride tended to be increased by dietary betaine supplement. The lower ileal osmolality in betaine supplement group tended to be slightly decreased. As a result, dietary betaine supplement tended to improve the egg Production and eggshell Quality in laying hens during heat stress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.959-963
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• 2001

To investigate the antimicrobial effects of Scutellariae Radix extract against L.monocytogenes from foods, L. monocytogenes strains isolated from livestock, processed food from meat and milk, and frozen foods, were examined for their sensitivity to Scutellariae Radix extract. 30 L. monocytogenes strains were isolated from total 178 samples(16.9%); 13(14.0%) strains from beef 6(20.7%) strains from pork, 9(39.2%) strains from chicken and 2 (16.7%) strains from frozen foods but was not found from processed products, The serotypes of isolated L.monocytogenes were serotype O-1 strains (23, 76.7%) and serotype O-4 strains(7, 23.3%) on antisera agglutination test. The growth curves of isolates were shown lag phase, logarithmic phase, stationary phase and death phase as typical sigmoid curve on the preservative-free hams. After 6 hours. Scutellariae Radix extract contain group differ from control group on preservative-free ham samples, and the isolates were inhibited in more than 1000 ppm Scutellariae Radix extract on the inhibitory growth curve of L.monocytogenes. The mor-phological changes were observed by transmission electron microscope and the microbial cells membrane was destroyed by Scutellariae Radix extract.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.55-66
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• 1998

Pathophysiological mechanism of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is not fully understood. Major clinical findings of HFRS patients are widespread hemorrhage, acute renal failure and shock. Basic lesion is vascular injury with microvascular hemorrhage and relatively little inflammation. According to autopsy findings, renal medulla shows focal hemorrhage, tubular necrosis and interstitial mononuclear infiltrates. The predominant cell type in the renal and pulmonary interstitium is a fibroblast and it participates in the healing process at the injury site by secreting a large amount of extracellular matrix proteins. Cultured human lung fibroblasts and Mongolian gerbil fibroblasts were known to be good host cells for the hantaan virus. It is possible that not only the endothelial cell but also the fibroblast is a target of Hantaan virus and the fibroblast might be involved in the pathogenesis and the healing process in HFRS. Integrins are adhesion molecules, and act as receptors for many extracellular matrix proteins. Recently, there are many reports that cell surface integrins influence on some viral infections or reversely viruses influence on the expression of integrins. The ${\alpha}_5{\beta}_1$ integrin is a major receptor for the fibronectin which is an important extracellular matrix protein secreted by fibroblasts. In this study, the role of ${\alpha}_5{\beta}_1$ integrin in the infection of Hantaan virus was examined by using anti-${\alpha}_5{\beta}_1$, integrin, anti-${\alpha}_5$ integrin and anti-${\beta}_1$, integrin antibodies in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) and Mongolian gerbil fibroblasts(MGF). The treatment of anti-${\alpha}_5{\beta}_1$, integrin antibody in CEF reduced the virion titers 26.8% and the amount of nucleocapsid N protein 32.6% when compared with control CEF. When MGF were treated with anti-${\alpha}_5$, anti-${\beta}_1$ and anti-${\alpha}_5{\beta}_1$ integrin antibodies, virion titers were reduced by 26.5%, 29.4% and 28.7% and the amount of nucleocapsid N protein were reduced by 65.2%, 59.7% and 72.6%. These results suggested that ${\alpha}_5{\beta}_1$ integrin might act as a receptor for the Hantaan virus or blocking of ${\alpha}_5{\beta}_1$ integrin influences on the viral replication in CEF and MGF. It is also possible that the blocking of only one subunit of integrin represents similar results in that of whole molecule.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.178-185
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• 2008

Avian influenza virus (AIV) is recognized as key to the emergence of pandemic influenza for humans; there are growing concerns that AIV H9N2 may become more efficient to transmit to humans in the near future, since the infection of poultry with AIV H9N2 has been common in recent years. In this study, we aimed to produce antisera recognizing the HA and NA proteins of AIV H9N2. Initially, coding sequences corresponding to the N-terminal regions of the HA and NA proteins of the Korean AIV H9N2 (A/Ck/Kr/MS96/96) isolated from a domestic chicken were amplified from the genomic RNA. Following cloning of the amplified cDNA fragments into pGEX4T-1 vector, two GST-fusion proteins (GST-HAln and GST-NAn) were expressed in E. coli BL21 and purified with glutathione sepharose columns; the recombinant GST-HAln and GST-NAn proteins were both used as immunogens in rabbits. The antigenicity of the rabbit antisera was analyzed by immunoblotting of the cell lysates prepared from AIV H9N2-infected MDCK cells. Overall, the recombinant HAln and NAn proteins fused to the C-terminus of GST and the rabbit antisera raised against the corresponding recombinant proteins would provide a valuable reagent for AIV diagnosis and basic research.