• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.175-187
• /
• 1999

To investigate the risk perception of environmental issues, two consequtive surveys were conducted to environmental professionals using a standardized questionnaire from September to October in 1999. The number of subjects were 72 for the first survey and 68 for the second one. The questionnaire was consisted of items such as the degree of environmental pollution in Korea, risk perception of some issues on human health and ecosystem, and seriousness of the problems in the real situation in Korea. For the degree of environmental pollution in Korea, the average risk rating in the second test (7.4 point) was significantly higher than that in the first test (7.2 point). The risk perception on the general human health and ecosystem, and the seriousness in Korea situation were analyzed in the order of ′air pollution′, ′water pollution′,′soil contamination′,′waste′,′toxic chemical pollutants′,′food contamination′,′ocean contamination′, ′odor pollution′, and ′noise pollution′. Also ′toxic chemical pollutants′ problem was perceived to be the highest risk on general human health or ecosystem, and on present situation in Korea. ′Automotive vehicle exhaust′ problem was perceived to be the most severe environmental problems among specific 30 items. ′Industrial source air pollution′,′toxic air pollutants′, and ′domestic and industrial source pollutants to surface water′ were relatively severe environmental problems comparing to other problems. The pollution issues were classified into four categories by two aspects of perception; risk in general setting and seriousness in Korea situation. If the issues were highly serious in Korea and low risk perception in general setting then it is named "the Korea-specific group". Those that were all high score in two aspects, named "the Common group". Those that were all low in two aspects, named "the Nonsignificant group". And the issues were high risk perception in general setting and low seriousness in Korean situation, named "the Latent group".

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.126-137
• /
• 2008

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference in gender related to health status, occupational environment, occupational safety and health and hazardous chemicals use of migrant workers in Korea. Method: The survey was conducted in clinics that provided free healthcare services for migrant workers. Of the 413 respondents, 66.3% were males and 33.7% were females. Result: In the case of male migrant workers, many worker were not fluent in Korean, had illegal status in the country, and had moved jobs frequently. There were many cases in which migrant workers worked in small-scale enterprises and worked long hours. Job stress score was high for many workers and they dealt with heavy materials and risky machines. Many workers had not received proper occupational health and safety education and those that were previously injured had repeated injuries. Among the female migrant workers, many worker received low salary and shift work was common. Many worker complained of gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal illnesses and treated toxic substances. Conclusion: As a result, it will be necessary to focus on the strategies for decreasing occupational injuries from physical risk factors for males and from chemical risk factors for female migrant workers.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2000

A study on the variational characteristics of water quality and phytoplankton biomass by principal component analysis(PCA) was carried out in Kogum-sudo from February to October in 1993. We analyzed PCA on biological factors such as chlorophyll a and phytoplankton cell numbers for centric and pennate diatoms, phytoflagellates, and total phytoplankton as well as physico-chemical factors as water temperature, salinity, transparency, dissolved oxygen(DO), saturation of DO, apparent oxygen utilization (AOU), chemical oxygen demand(COD), nutrient (ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and silicate), N/P ratio and suspended solid(SS). The source of nutrients supply depended on the mineralization of organic matters and inputs of seawater from outside rather than runoff of freshwater. The phytoplankton biomass was changed within short interval period by nutrients change. And it was controlled by the combination of several environmental factors, especially of light intensity, ammonia and phosphate. The marine environmental characteristics were determined by the mineralization of organic matters in winter, by runoff of freshwater including high nutrients concentration in spring, by ammonia uptake and high phytoplankton productivity in summer, and phosphate supplied input seawater from outside of Kogeum-sudo in autumn. And Kogum-sudo was separated with 2 regions by score distributions of PCA. That is to say, one region was middle parts of straits which was characterized by the mixing seawater and the accumulated organic matters, other one region was Pungnam Bay and the water around Kogum Island which was done by high phytoplankyon biomass and productivity year-round.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.584-589
• /
• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of different types of $\beta$-cyclodextrin ($\beta$-CD) treatments on chemical and sensory characteristics of cholesterol-reduced cream cheese. The cholesterol removal rates were 92.0% in cream cheese treated by powder $\beta$-CD, and 82.6% in cream cheese treated by crosslinked $\beta$-CD. Amounts of short-chain fatty acid and free amino acids were significantly lower in cream cheese made by crosslinked $\beta$-CD-treated milk, especially after 2 weeks storage, compared with those of no $\beta$-CD-treated control and cream cheese made by powder $\beta$-CD treated milk. Among rheological properties, cohesiveness was significantly higher, and gumminess in cream cheese made by crosslinked $\beta$-CD-treated milk was slightly lower than others. In sensory analysis, no difference was found in texture among treatments, while bitterness was lower in the early stage of storage, and overall quality was higher score, in cream cheese made by crosslinked $\beta$-CD-treated cream at 3 and 4 week storage, compared with those in control and powder $\beta$-CD-treated group. The present study indicated that crosslinked $\beta$-CD treatment resulted in an efficient cholesterol removal rate over 80% and a deceleration of ripening, which may provide a longer shelf life without significant adverse effects in chemical and sensory properties.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• 제8권4호
• /
• pp.171-176
• /
• 2006

The study aims to evaluate the nutritional status and influence of school meal intakes on RDA of primary school children in Akure community, Ondo State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 728 primary school children aged between 6 and 15 years. Data were collected using interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaires. The questionnaires collect information on demographic characteristics and home dietary intake of the subjects. The heights and weights of the children were measured using a standard procedure and height-far-age and weight-far-height z-score were determined. The children's school meal intakes were weighed for 4 days and samples were collected for chemical analysis. The results showed that 37.8% of the children were not wasted, 35.7% mildly wasted, 18.7% moderately wasted and 7.8% severely wasted. Also, 57.8% were not stunted, 29.3% mildly stunted, 11.0% moderately stunted and 1.9% were severely stunted. The subjects' home dietary intakes showed that 73.6% ate starchy food only, 19.9% ate protein based food, while 11.6% and 11.5% consumed fruits/vegetables and snacks to complement home meals respectively. The chemical composition of school meal was energy 379 - 413kcal, moisture content 5.9 -7.3g, carbohydrate 56.5 - 69.4g, fat 4.6 - 12.7g, crude fiber 0.1 - 2.4g, ash content 3.6 - 8.5g and protein 14.9 - 22.3g. The mineral contents were calcium 45.9 - 59.2mg, sodium 5004 - 59.6mg, zinc 2.3 - 3.1mg, magnesium 55.0 - 61.6mg, potassium 55.3 - 69.3mg, copper 0.2 - 0.3 mg, while others 1.3 - 1.9mg, 243 - 659mg and 831 - 9,510mg were iron, phosphorous and vitamin-A respectively. The contribution of school meals to subjects' RDA was within 2.9% and 1540%. In summary, school meal intake contributed positively to the RDA and nutritional status of the school children.

• 대한화학회지
• /
• 제9권4호
• /
• pp.201-210
• /
• 1965

Leuconostoc mesenteroides P-60, Lactobacillus arabinosus 17-5, Streptococcus faecalis R have been successfully used for the quantitative determination of sixteen amino acids in Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar hydrolysate by alkaline and hydrolysis for succesive two hours from two to twelve hours, by means of microbiological assay. And thiamine and riboflavin were fluorometrically determinated by thiochrome and lumiflavin in powder (80mesh) of Undaria pinnatifida (Harvey) Suringar. The results were as follows: 1) Arginine contents was the highest in hydrolysate for two hours, but longer the hydrolysis, the more content Undaria pinnatifida was decreased. 2) The adequate contents of other amino acids were obtained by hydrolysis for six hours. 3) Growth check and improve of Lactobacillus were not identified in determination by microbiological assay for Undaria pinnatifida. 4) The following values were obtained in Undaria pinnatifida hydrolysate six hours: asparatic acid 466, arginine 230, lysine 317, histidine 74, isoleucine 242, methionine 202, phenylalanine 256, proline 231, threonine 231, tyrosine 161, valine 415, glycine 302, leucine 414, glutamic acid 625, cystine (5 hrs.) 53 and tryptophan (8 hrs.) 90mg per nitrogen one gram. 5) Protein score was 81 (limiting factor was isoleucine) and essential amino acids pattern was of satisfactory results. And methionine contained was higher than FAO value or milk value. 6) Sulphur contained amino acids (methionine plus cystine) contained in Undaria pinnatifida were 225mg/N-g. That was satisfactory results. 7) Absorption spectrum of wave length were not different 1% HAc from buffer-sol. (pH 6.8) in dilution for determination of riboflavin. Both methods might be suitable. 8) Thiamine and riboflavin contained in Undaria pinnatifida were ($B_1,\;82.51{\pm}1.1){\gamma}/N-g\;and\;(B_2,\;115.29{\pm}1.5){\gamma}/N-g.$.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.142-146
• /
• 2008

In order to understand the protein functions that are related to disease, it is important to detect the correlation between amino acid mutations and disease. Many mutation studies about disease-related proteins have been carried out through molecular biology techniques, such as vector design, protein engineering, and protein crystallization. However, experimental protein mutation studies are time-consuming, be it in vivo or in vitro. We therefore performed a bioinformatic analysis of known disease-related mutations and their protein structure changes in order to analyze the correlation between mutation and disease. For this study, we selected 111 diseases that were related to 175 proteins from the PDB database and 710 mutations that were found in the protein structures. The mutations were acquired from the Human Gene Mutation Database (HGMD). We selected point mutations, excluding only insertions or deletions, for detecting structural changes. To detect a structural change by mutation, we analyzed not only the structural properties (distance of pocket and mutation, pocket size, surface size, and stability), but also the physico-chemical properties (weight, instability, isoelectric point (IEP), and GRAVY score) for the 710 mutations. We detected that the distance between the pocket and disease-related mutation lay within $20\;{\AA}$ (98.5%, 700 proteins). We found that there was no significant correlation between structural stability and disease-causing mutations or between hydrophobicity changes and critical mutations. For large-scale mutational analysis of disease-causing mutations, our bioinformatics approach, using 710 structural mutations, called "Structural Mutatomics," can help researchers to detect disease-specific mutations and to understand the biological functions of disease-related proteins.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제48권5호
• /
• pp.591-607
• /
• 2020

This study was aimed to investigate the changes of chemical composition of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from red pine needles in the process of needle abscission or senescence. The VOCs in intact, senescent, and litter red pine needle samples were analyzed by headspace-solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS). And then, multivariate statistical interpretation of the processed data sets was conducted to investigate similarities and dissimilarities of the needle samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to investigate the dataset structure and discrimination between samples, respectively. From the data preview, the levels of major components of VOCs from needles were not significantly different between needle samples. By PCA investigation, the data reduction according to classification based on the chlorophyll a / chlorophyll b (Ca/Cb) ratio were found to be ideal for differentiating intact, senescent, and litter needles. The following OPLS-DA taking Ca/Cb ratio as y-variables showed that needle samples were well grouped on score plot and had the significant discriminant compounds, respectively. Several compounds had significantly correlated with Ca/Cb ratio in a bivariate correlation analysis. Notably, the litter needles had a higher content of oxidized compounds than the intact needles. In summary, we found that chemical compositions of VOCs between intact, senescent, and litter needles are different each other and several compounds reflect characteristic of needle.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.290-294
• /
• 1987

우리나라에서 보리 가공품으로 식용되고 있는 보리쌀, 할맥 및 납작보리의 영양 성분을 분석 비교하였다. 보리쌀 및 납작보리의 일반 성분 및 열량은 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 할맥은 단백질 및 지방질 함량이 다소 낮았으며 열량은 보리쌀과 납작보리와 같은 값을 보였다. 칼슘과 인의 비는 평균 0.143이었고 필수 아미노산과 질소와의 비는 평균 1.66이었다. 아미노산 값은 할맥이 가장 높았고 다음이 납작보리이었다. 주 지방산은 리놀레산, 팔미트산 및 올레산으로서 전체의 92%를 차지하였다. 고도 불포화 지방산과 포화 지방산의 비는 납작보리가 가장 낮았다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
• /
• 제47권2호
• /
• pp.144-154
• /
• 2021

Objectives: This study was intended to identify hazard contribution by region, media, and chemical by calculating a hazard-based index using pollutant release and transfer register (PRTR) data. Methods: PRTR data for the period 2011 to 2016 was analyzed to examine the regional trends in toxic releases in terms of quantity and to create a corresponding hazard-based index. For the hazard-based index, the Risk-Screening Environmental Indicators (RSEI) Model was used. Results: The results of the trend analysis show that total releases decreased slightly, but health hazard levels increased consistently. According to the outcome of regional contribution analysis of the hazard-based index, Chungcheongnam-do, Jeollabuk-do and Gyeonggi-do Provinces showed a high ratio in the index for air and water release pollutants, while Gyeongsangbuk-do and Gyeongsangnam-do Provinces showed a high ratio in the index of soil release and waste transfer pollutants. Also, as a result of the analysis of the top ranked substances in the hazard-based index, it was found that chromium, cobalt and its compounds, and ethylene oxide contributed greatly to air release substances, while chromium, benzene, and lead and its compounds contributed greatly to water release substances. Conclusion: These results showed considerable disparities between total release and health hazard levels, especially in the analysis of contribution by regions and by chemical substance. Therefore, the hazard-based index should be used both to support a more comprehensive and robust approach to screening of chemicals for environmental health policy and for management.