• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.109.2-109
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• 2003

A basic spray program for apple in which fungicides are scheduled to spray at 15-day interval from petal fall to late August was formulated on the properties of several selected fungicides. In order to improve it, experimental plots, completely randomized block with 3 replications, were prepared in an orchard of 15 years old Fuji cultivar, and the spray programs in which only one chemical in the basic spray program was substituted with others were applied to each plot. It was revealed that only single substitution of the fungicide in the basic spray program makes a great differences in the control of white rot and bitter rot, and that the control property of the fungicides against the two diseases was quite variable even by the time of application. A simila! ! r trial was conducted in 2002 with a new basic spray program that was formulated with fungicides that have shown best control in each spraying time in the previous trial, similar results were obtained. Applying this method, the usefulness of certain fungicide in the spray program for apple could be properly assessed. Anthracnose of Robinia pseudo-acacia L. caused by Collectotrichum spp.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.878-884
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• 2020

Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum are the two important postharvest pathogens in citrus, causing about 90% of the total loss of citrus fruit during storage and transportation. Natural fungicides such as essential oils have been widely used instead of chemical fungicides for preventing and controlling postharvest diseases. In this research, p-anisaldehyde exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on P. digitatum and P. italicum, with the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum fungicidal concentration values of both being 2.00 μl/ml. Additionally, p-anisaldehyde visibly inhibited both the green mold and blue mold development of citrus fruits inoculated with P. digitatum and P. italicum. The mycelia morphologies of these pathogens were greatly altered, and the membrane permeability and cell wall integrity of mycelia were severely disrupted under p-anisaldehyde treatment. These results suggest that the antifungal activity of p-anisaldehyde against P. digitatum and P. italicum can be attributed to the disruption of the cell wall integrity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.64.2-65
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• 2002

• Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.130-134
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate the control effect of fungicides on control of Gray mold, growth characteristics, and root yield in the cultivation of Scutellaria baicalensis after barley cropping. All fungicides treated had no effect on the growth and flowering rate of Scutellaria baicalensis. All seed disinfectants had no effect on the growth and flowering date of Scutellaria baicalensis Georg. The major seed disinfectants were Benomyl Wp, $20\%$, Captan Wp, $50\%$, Hymexazol Ec, $30\%$, Carboxin D, $37.5\%$. Dry root yield were increased largely with Benomyl Wp, $20\%$, seed disinfectant than the other seed disinfectants had no injury with standard dosage. On the other hand, all seed disinfectants had slight injury in the double dosage level for the Scutellaria baicalensis Georg.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.312-316
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• 2015

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp. is the most important and devastating disease in sweet persimmon production in worldwide. There is no alternative control method or resistant cultivar is available. Therefore, chemical controls are widely accepted to control the disease. Three fungicides among 16 fungicides have been selected to apply in field condition. The selected three fungicides (metconazole, dithianon and propineb) showed lower EC50 and reliable control effect in both in vitro and in vivo. According to general guide line of anthracnose disease control method recommended 8 times spay of the fungicide. In this study, we performed 8, 4, and 2 times spay of the fungicides. For 8 times application, practice spray machine has been used and for 4 and 2 time application, a recently invented spray machine was input. The fungicides have been treated from middle of June to end of August in 2014 year. Control effect of among the selected fungicides showed similar result regardless of sort of the fungicide. However, frequency of spray result showed significantly different results, 8 and 4 times fungicide application showed low and similar disease occurrence, but 2 times application showed intermediated disease occurrence between 4 times treatment and untreated control. Taken together, result showed that 4 times application with effective fungicide, mechanically advanced tool can reduced the anthracnose disease damage in sweet persimmon production.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.366.4-367
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• 2001

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.160-170
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• 2011

Commercial formulation of fungicides was studied in vitro for sensitivity against Typhula species causal agents of Typhula blight. Efficacies of fungicides application, spray volume, nozzle types and fungicides applied time (early fall and late fall) were evaluated for their influence on the chemical control of Typhula blight of turfgrass during the winter season in Wisconsin. All fungicides effectively reduced the mycelial growth of eight isolates of Typhula spp. in vitro on potato dextrose agar (PDA) media. For inhibitory effects on mycelial growth of eight isolates, propiconazole was the most effective at $1.0{\mu}g$ active ingredient (a.i) / ml of PDA. Typhula incarnata two isolates were significantly more sensitive to all fungicides of PDA than six isolates of three varieties of T. ishikariensis. For 2 years in field experiment, unsprayed control has significantly more disease severity than seven fungicides were applied to field plots at two locations. Propiconazole was the most effective for controlling Typhula blight, at two locations in both years. The level of disease control was not dependent on fungicides spray volume or nozzle types at two locations. The disease damage treated with triadimefon applied time (early fall and late fall) was not significantly different at two location for two years.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.52-59
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• 2000

A rapid assay to determine respiration inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by chemicals was developed. S. cerevisiae was harvested with two different liquid media, yeast extract-peptone-dextrose (YPD) medium capable of occurring both glucose fermentation and mitochondrial respiration, and non-fermentable carbon-yeast extract (NFY) medium capable of occurring respiration only Wells in 96-well plate were loaded with each cell suspension and various concentrations of 46 fungicides with various modes of action. n NFY medium, the non-fermentable carbon source, ethanol (NFY-E medium), glycerol (NFY-G medium) or lactate (NFY-L medium), was used. After incubation for $1{\sim}3$ days, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the chemicals were recorded in the media. Of the 46 inhibitors employed in this study, four inhibitors of fungal respiration by blockage of electron flux in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, metominostrobin, and trifloxystrobin, exhibited strong antifungal activity in all of NFY media, but no activity in YPD medium. In contrast to this, five N-trihalomethylthio fungicides showed much stronger antifungal activities in YPD medium than three NFY media. Eleven fungicides inhibited growth of S. cerevisiae in all media and the other 26 fungicides showed no antifungal activity in all media. Thus, our rapid and efficient in vitro method can be considered as an alternative assay system for respiration inhibitor.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.429-436
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• 2005

As Sclerotinia sclerotiorum causing cucumber sclerotinia rot was the fastest in the mycelial growth at $25^{\circ}C$, its pathogenicity was strong at the same temperature among several temperatures. All the isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum showed a strong pathogenicity against cucumber fruits, which was confirmed by a disk assay and a wound assay. A wound assay was superior to a disk assay to develop the assay system for assessing the fungicidal activity of several fungicides against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. In a disk assay, it was very difficult to assess the fungicidal activity, because the pathogenicity of isolates used in the experiment was very strong. At 500 and $3.0{\mu}g/mL$, the activity of dichloflouanid and the mixture of carbendazim and diethofencarb against cucumber sclerotinia rot was 14.3 and 42.3%, respectively, by using a disk assay. However, at same concentration two fungicides showed the high controlling activity as 100 and 92.5%, through a wound assay in a laboratory. Also, the activity of two fungicides was good against cucumber sclerotinia rot in the greenhouse where cucumber plants were cultivated in the field, showing the control value as 91.1 and 82.9% at 100 and $825{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. All the isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from cucumber fruits sampled in the polyvinyl house were subjected to monitoring for the resistance to 7 fungicides. The $EC_{50}$ value of 7 fungicides was as follows: fenhexamid; $0.13{\mu}g/mL$, procymidon and iprodione; 0.18 and $0.24{\mu}g/mL$, carbendazim and the mixture of carbendazim and diethofencarb; 0.13과 $0.05{\mu}g/mL$, iminoctadine and dichlofluanid; 1.94 and $8.95{\mu}g/mL$. Ultimately it was not found that resistant isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum were appeared in the field.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1011-1021
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• 2005

Rhizobacteria are actively sought for the substitution of chemical fertilizers and pathogen control agents in environment-friendly sustainable agriculture. To be successfully commercialized in the current Korean market as agriculture biomaterials, microbial agents should exhibit both properties of plant growth promotion and pathogen control. That is, the organism must be a phytostimulator as well as a biocontrol agent. These criteria and the survival rate of a rhizobacterium, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens 7079, in the soil system were investigated to evaluate the suitability for future commercialization. B. amyloliquefaciens 7079-treated seedlings showed $22.8\%$ maximum increase in leaf-length growth, compared with water-treated controls, showing the phytostimulating property. The disease suppression rates of Phytophthora-blight of peppers and Fusarium-wilt of tomatoes by B. amyloliquefaciens 7079 were 1.5 and 2.2 times better, respectively, than by three popular chemical fungicides used in actual agricultural practices to control the respective pathogens. Survival of B. amyloliquefaciens 7079 on the rhizoplane and in the rhizosphere was favorable up to 50 days in the soil system employed. These positive properties show that B. amyloliquefaciens 7079 is likely to be a suitable candidate for commercialization to market as agricultural biomaterials.