• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.473-478
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• 2011

A wide diversity of liquid fertilizers and composts produced from the livestock manure in Korea is commonly applied to agricultural lands as an alternative of chemical fertilizers. However, their effects on the crop production and environmental impacts are still vague. The current study was conducted to understand the effects of the pig manure-based liquid fertilizer on the growth of Zea mays L. and soil properties. Four different liquid fertilizers were treated to each cultivated upland plot located in Gyeong-gi province, Korea while no fertilizer (control A) and a chemical fertilizer (control B) were treated to separate plots for comparison. The liquid fertilizer treatment did not make a significant difference in the fresh weight of Zea mays L. compared to the controls. This is probably due to the nutrient residues carried over from the last year fertilization. Electric conductivity (EC) and organic matter contents in soils were increased right after the liquid fertilizer treatments compared to the controls. However, soil pH was maintained as the same as the level of control A. A long-term effect of the continuous treatment of the manure based liquid fertilizer will be carried out in the successive study.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.593-598
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• 2013

The livestock manure is a good source of major plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and micronutrient that plants require. As aspect of establishment of nutrient management policy in nation scale, the use of livestock manure for agricultural purpose is a key factor for improving national nutrient balance. In this study, we evaluated the tendency of livestock manure production and amount of chemical fertilizer used in Korea from 1990 to 2011. The number of pig and chicken has been increased about two times in 2011 compared with 1990 and therefore livestock manure continually increased with the lapse of year, but cattle and dairy was not changed significantly. The chemical fertilizer consumption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium per hectare arable land was decreased by 54.6, 66.0 and 63.2% in 2011 compared with 1990, respectively. In contrast, the potential input of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to arable land through livestock manure was increased by 220, 210 and 210% during this period, respectively. Therefore we need a reasonable strategy for nutrient management such as combination of both manure and chemical fertilizers in near future.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.241-250
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• 2007

A study was carried out on the level of heavy metals, total coliform and benzo(a)pyrene that may be introduced through by-product fertilizers or air pollution to turfgrass in natural turfgrass playground in elementary schools around the western coast and eastern mountain areas in Jeollabuk-do, Korea. The level of heavy metals found in turfgrass was in the order of Cu > Zn > Pb > Cd. The majority of heavy metals was found in the roots. It is presumed that the absorption of some air pollutants and by-product fertilizers or chemical fertilizers. The level of benzo(a)pyrene showed an average of 0.05ng/g with a range between 0.02 to 0.08ng/g in the leaves. In the meantime, none was detected in the stems, while the average for roots was 0.02ng/g with a range between 0.01 and 0.03ng/g. The level detected is that found background level, however, benzo(a)pyrene can be introduced partly from the unstable combustion of fossil fuel or through vehicle emissions. Total coliform distributed in grass showed an average of 12MPN/100ml with a range between 2 and 36MPN/100ml. The density of total coliform displayed no regional predominance. However, in some urban areas, the density was slightly higher. The feces of pets or by-product fertilizers may have contributed to the input of pathogenic micro-organism. Yet the level was found to be negligible.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.120-128
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• 2001

Pollution sources and their environmental contributions were investigated to select the best management practices for the effective control of water quality. The nitrogen isotope mass ratio was determined to estimate the nitrate sources and their contribution. Sampling sites were chosen by calculating effluent loads at each watershed. Two liters each of the surface water samples were collected from four sites at Bokha river and two sites and Gwanri river. They were sequentially prepared through distillation method and analyzed using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer(IsoPrime EA). As revealed by the experimental values obtained the mass ratio values ($\delta$$^{5}$ N) of watersheds with a large amount of nonpoint sources were less than +5 an indication that the samples were influenced by chemical fertilizers. However watersheds with large amount of point sources were influenced not only by chemical fertilizers but also by animal and municipal wastes. The mass ratio values of samples generally decreased during rainy days. But during dry days the mass ratio values well-reflected the nitrate sources and the condition of watersheds. Through this study the nitrogen isotope mass ratio has been found to be useful for estimating nitrate sources and their contribution to the rural watersheds.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제19권spc호
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• pp.182-185
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• 2011

Soil $NH_4$-N content became higher in proportion to the increase in the urea application rate, while in livestock faeces compost (LFC) plots, it became lower than in urea plots and had no significant difference statistically among LFC plots. There was a close relationship between phosphate fertilization rate and the increment of soil available phosphate content after experiment resulting y=0.1788x-6.169 ($R^2=0.9425$) when applied fused superphosphate fertilizer, and y=0.0662x-2.689 ($R^2=0.9315$) when applied LFCs by the same amounts of phosphate (x: phosphate application, kg $ha^{-1}$, y: increment in soil available phosphate content, mg $kg^{-1}$. Plant height, number of stems, nutrients uptake by rice and rice yield showed higher levels in N 100, 150% application plots of chemical fertilizers, while every LFC plots exhibited lower values and no significant difference among them. Relative nitrogen fertilization efficiencies of LFCs compared to urea was 12.3% for cattle faeces compost (CaFC), 8.8 for swine faeces compost (SwFC) and 24.6 for chicken faeces compost (ChFC), respectively.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.420-425
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• 2018

Purpose: Chemical fertilizers contribute to agricultural productivity. Annually, 450,000 tons of chemical fertilizers are used in Korea, which is 268 kg per hectare (MAFRA, 2016). However, excessive use causes problems such as environmental pollution and soil acidification. This study proposes use conditions for a fertilizer distributor that can reduce excessive fertilization by analyzing distribution patterns. Methods: This study analyzed fertilizer application uniformity according to the number of blades on a centrifugal fertilizer distributor (three or four blades), orifice gate open ratio (50 or 100%), and blade rotation speed (400, 500, or 600 rpm). Results: When using four blades, the coefficient of variation (CV) was lower than when using three by 11-13% points, and the CV using the 50% open ratio was 10-30% points lower than using the 100% open ratio. The CV at 500 rpm blade rotating speed was 9-12% points lower than that for 400 and 600 rpm. Conclusions: The CV with four blades, 50% orifice gate open ratio, and 500 rpm of blade rotating speed was 18.4%, which provided the most uniform fertilization.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

시설수박 재배시 안정적 수량확보와 과다시비에 따른 환경오염을 방지하기 위해 유기질비료의 적정 시비기준을 마련하고자 유기질비료인 혼합유박과 혼합유기질비료를 이용하여 시험을 수행하였다. 시험에 사용한 유기질비료는 혼합유박이 질소 3.9%, 인산 2.0%, 가리 0.9%, 혼합유기질비료는 질소 4.1%, 인산 2.1%, 가리 1.1%로 수박의 엽면적은 2가지 비종 모두에서 질소기준 0.5배량과 0.3배량 수준의 처리구가 화학비료 단용처리구와 비슷한 수준을 보였으며, 엽중 양분흡수량 및 수박의 과중과 당도는 가장 크게 나타났다. 수확 후 시험토양은 2가지 비종 모두에서 밑거름으로 50%와 30% 수준으로 시용하고, 웃거름으로 화학비료를 이용한 경우가 EC, 유효인산, 치환성 칼리 함량이 시험전에 비해 비슷하거나 낮아져 다른 처리에 비하여 시설하우스 토양의 염류집적 우려가 적었다. 이에 따라 시설수박 재배시 혼합유박이나 혼합유기질 비료의 적정시비량은 토양검정 질소시비량의 0.3~0.5배량 수준을 정식전 밑거름으로 사용하고, 나머지 양은 화학비료를 웃거름으로 관비를 통해 공급하는 것이 3~10%의 수량 증가 효과가 있었다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.31-34
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• 1978

電磁氣場에서 肥料없이 植物成長을 硏究하였다. 남용된 化學 肥料 때문에 야기되는 窒酸監의 汚染 즉 토양의 酸性化를 억제하고 電磁氣長으로 生態系를 保存하면서 植物成의 促進(40%) 함을 確認할 수 있었다.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.61-76
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• 2009

본 연구는 골프장의 적정 코스관리 비용을 구명하고 국내 골프장 29개의 홀당 내장객당 비용과 골프장 8개의 항목별 및 장소별 비용을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 홀 당 내장객이 증가할수록 홀 내장객당 비용이 감소하는 경향을 보여 주었다. 2. 골프장 코스관리 비용을 결정하는 인자는 연 내장객, 코스면적, 운영형태, 코스자동화 시설 등이다. 3. 골프장의 단위면적당 코스관리 비용은 869원이었다. 4. 8개 골프장의 홀 당 평균 코스관리 비용은 44,325,000원이었다. 5. 골프장 코스관리 비용 중 인건비 비중이 가장 높았으며 인건비중 그린의 볼마크 보수 인건비가 홀 당 평균 4,163,000원 (26%)으로 가장 높았다. 6. 골프장 총 코스면적의 평균 30% 정도를 차지하는 페어웨이에 사용되는 재료비가 총 재료비용의 $22%{\sim}44%$이며 그중 수입비료, 병충해 방제농약, 배토용 모래등의 구입비가 가장 많았다. 7. 총 코스면적의 평균 2% 정도를 차지하는 그린에 사용되는 재료비가 총 재료비용의 $28%{\sim}36%$이며, 입자형 비료, 미량원소비료, 토양개량제 등의 수입 제품으로 인해 그 구입비가 가장 많았다. 8. 농약 대용으로 미생물, 키토산 등의 친환경제제가 대신 사용된 경우 비용에서는 큰 차이가 없었다.

• 유기물자원화
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2019

본 연구는 농가에서 손쉽게 구할 수 있는 농축수산 부산물인 어분, 골분, 참깨박을 대상으로 액비 발효과정 중 이화학성 특성과 제조된 액비 처리에 따른 무 종자 발아 및 토마토 처리에 따른 작물 생육과 토양 환경에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 수행하였다. 어분, 골분, 참깨박 액비 제조 시 발효기간 동안 액비의 pH는 발효가 진행될수록 골분 > 어분 > 참깨박 액비 순으로 높아졌으며 EC농도는 액비 3종 모두 30일까지 급격히 증가하다가 이후 변화가 적은 것으로 나타났다. 액비의 질소 함량은 발효가 진행될수록 모두 증가하였으며 어분 > 골분 > 참깨박 액비 순으로 높았다. 인산 함량도 발효가 진행될수록 증가하였으며 참깨박 액비가 1.0 % 로 가장 높게 나타났다. 액비 종류별 희석배수에 따른 무 종자의 발아율과 발아지수 결과는 어분과 참깨박 액비 10배 희석 처리구를 제외하고는 모든 처리구에서 95 % 이상의 발아율을 나타냈으며 발아지수는 액비가 희석될수록 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 액비 처리에 따른 토마토 생육 및 수량은 액비 처리간에 유의한 차이는 없었으며 화학비료 처리구에 비해 토양 중 유기물 함량, 미생물 밀도 그리고 미생물체량이 높게 나타났다. 이러한 결과로부터 유기자원을 활용한 액비 특성은 재료에 따라 차이가 있으며 유기농작물 재배 시 액비 시용으로 양분관리가 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.