• 생태와환경
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.128-136
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• 2008

An attempt was made in the Veeranam freshwater lake with the objectives to collect, identify, describe and document the algae occurring from March 2007 to August 2007. Qualitative and quantitative characterization of phytoplankton and analysis of physico-chemical parameters of water samples were carried out at monthly intervals during the study period in the western and eastern sides of the lake. It was found that the phytoplankton community embraced 68 genera belonging to four classes viz., Bacillariophyceae (40), Chlorophyceae (22), Cynophyceae (4) and Euglenophyceae (2). There were significant influences of various physico-chemical parameters on the phytoplankton population density. Commonly occurred genera, Oscillatoria (Cyanophyceae), Navicula (Bacillariophyceae) and Scenedesmus (Chlorophyceae), were subjected to energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis (EDS). They were found to accumulate different elements such as Zn, P, S, Ca, Mg, Fe, N, Si, Cl and Mn. Among these the member Cyanophyceae contained Zn, P, Mg, Ca, Mn, S and N. Bacillariophyceae Si, Zn, Mg, Cl, N, Fe, and Ca. Chlorophyceae Ca, Mg, N, Fe, Cl, Zn, Si and Mn. Thus these observations would determine the chemical dialogue between the cell structures and role of the elements. Further, it gives the clue about the phytoplankton growth requirements.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.759-770
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• 1998

biotic indices scoring with the benthic macroinvertebrates were assessed as pollution monitoring tools in the north branch of the Han River system, Korea. We investigated the temporal variability of water quality at unpolluted, moderately polluted and heavily polluted sites using several biotic indices and assessed appropriate biological monitoring indices for lotic systems in Korea. The following biotic and chemical indices were employed in order to compare their applicability to the lotic systems : Trent Biotic Index (TBI), Chandler's Biotic Index-Average Score per Taxon (CBI-ASPT), Modified Biological Monitoring Working Party Score System-Average Score per Taxon (BMWP-ASPT), Hilsenhoff's biotic Index (BI) and Family-level Biotic Index (FBI) models for biotic analyses and National Sanitation foundation's Water Quality Index (NSFWQI) and comprehensive Chemical Pollution Index (Pb/n) for chemical analyses of water quality. Index and score values were compared with each other and with 24 water chemistry parameters. All biotic indices were significantly auto-correlated (p<0.001) and BI and FBI/ROK among them were highly correlated (r=0.84). BI and BMWP-ASPT models were also highly correlated with NSFWQI, while TBI values showed high correlation with the Pb/n. The BI and BMWP-ASPT were highly correlated with the most water chemistry parameters. We conclude that the BI model, which includes indicator species and abundance of taxa, is best suited for the bioassessment of lotic systems in Korea. For rapid field-based assessments, FBI/ROK and BMWP-ASPT models are also appropriate.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.181-187
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• 2018

오일분산제가 가장 많이 사용된 사고는, 2010년에 발생한 멕시코만의 기름유출 사건을 들 수 있다. 사용된 오일분산 제로는 Corexit 9500라는 제품이 사용되었으며, 아직도 이 오일분산제가 끼친 생태계의 부정적인 평가는 계속해서 보고되고 있다. 그러함에도 US EPA에서는 아직도 이 오일분산제를 향후에도 사용가능한 제품으로 인정하고 있다. 새로운 대체 오일 분산제 개발을 위해서는 특히 미생물학, 생태학, 환경, 화학, 그리고 화학공학 연구자들의 융합기술을 필요로 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 Corexit 9500의 주성분들을 찾아 화학구조와 물성을 나타내었다. 그리고, 분산된 오일의 생분해 과정과 바이오계면활성제에 대해서도 소개하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.254-261
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• 2014

The scientific information between microbial activities and chemical properties of reclaimed tidal soil is not enough to apply for reclamation projects. This study was conducted to investigate the relation between chemical properties and microbial activities of reclaimed tidal lands located at western coastal area (25 samples from Nampo, Ewon, Sukmoon and Shihwa sites). Most of the reclaimed soils showed chemical characteristics as salinity soil except Nampo site. The major component influenced the salinity of reclaimed soil was identified as a sodium from the relationship between EC and exchangeable cation. With an increase in EC of soil, the population of mesophilic bacteria decreases whereas halotolerant and halophilic bacteria increases. The population of mesophilic bacteria increased with an increase in both organic matter and dehydrogenase activity. However, the population of halotolerant and halophilic bacteria decreased with an increase in organic matter. Based on the relation between chemical property and microbial activity of reclaimed tidal soil, electrical conductivity and organic matter as chemical properties of soil, population of mesophilic bacteria, halotolerant and halophilic bacteria and dehydrogenase activity as microbial activities could be the major parameters for reclamation process.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.443-450
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• 2015

The east coast of the Korean Peninsula is susceptible to fires because of the low rainfall in winter and spring, and large forest fires have occurred in this area. Lack of fresh water to combat fires has hampered efforts to prevent widespread forest fires in this region. Seawater has not been used as a suppressant because of possible detrimental effects of salt. We investigated the mobility of saline water in the forest soil and their effect on the microbial activity. Using a fire-fighting helicopter, seawater was sprayed over three plots (50 × 100 m) located on the eastern slope of the Baekdu mountain range in South Korea in April, 2011. We sampled the soil in April 4, May 20, and August 5 to determine the amount of salt that remained in the soil. The electrical conductivity value of the soil decreased to <400 μS/cm over a 1-month period. Approximately, four months after the application of seawater, the electrical conductivity value and Na⁺ content in all treatment plots did not significantly differ to those of the control plot, and total microbial activity also recovered to that of the control. Our results indicate that the amount of rainfall, soil physical-chemical properties, and topological factors may be a critical factor determining the mobility of saline water in forest soil.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.508-517
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• 2010

One-step reduction/dyeing method was optimized for wool dyeing with natural indigo dye in this study. The effects of reduction/dyeing conditions including dye temperature and time, the pH of bath, concentration of dye, and reducing agent on dye uptake and color were investigated. The dye uptake was higher with no addition of alkali. Dyeing was carried out through the use of only sodium hydrosulfite in the bath. The maximum dye uptake was obtained at $60^{\circ}C$ for 30min and the dyed fabrics appeared in the PB Munsell color range. Dye uptake improved with the increase of a natural indigo dye concentration with the same sodium hydrosulfite concentration. At a higher dye uptake, the fabric color became more purplish and the maximum absorption shifted from 660nm to 620nm. Color reproducibility was reliable with a color difference in the range of 0.41~1.43. Regardless of color strength, washing and dry cleaning fastnesses were good with a 4/5 rating, and fastnesses to rubbing and light were acceptable with a 3/4~4 rating.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.189-200
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• 2009

In the Edo period speaking of hair culture, common women wore decorative pigtail ribbons on the right, and twisted from side to side their tressed hair in such a manner as ungeunmeori and traemeori. Instead of gachae, common women used gogae made of their own hair, ungeunmeori on forehead, or jjokjinmeori at the back of head. During the Edo period, people women naturally exposed their necklines as a way of exposing their faces in the aesthetically ceremonial act of wearing make-up. As for lipsticks, they rouged extracts from red petals of safflowers mainly on their lips, and sometimes on their cheeks by blending this with white powder. Samurai families disliked women who wore thick lip makeup. In the latter period, women painted their necklines or foreheads black, applied a small amount of rouge on their cheeks thinly or thickly, and colored a reddish color into their fingernails by using petals and leaves of balsam flowers. Despite the chronological and spatial proximity of the King Jeongjo period and the Edo period, it was found that there were no similarities between two countries' cosmetic cultures. Moreover, it was discovered that current TV dramas were being produced, even not based on historical evidence in the Jeongjo period.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.687-699
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the antifungal activity and house dust mite repellent effect of cotton and silk fabrics dyed with Juniperus chinensis heartwood extracts by hot-water and methanol. The chemical composition of Juniperus chinensis heartwood extracts by hot-water and methanol was analyzed by GC-MS. In the case of antifungal activity, dyed fabrics with hot water extract had no effect against chaetomium globosum fungus. But showing no growth in fabrics dyed with methanol extract, dyed fabrics with methanol extract showed very excellent antifungal activity. Silk fabric dyed with methanol extract showed excellent house dust mite repellent effect of 94.3%~96.0% against dermatophagodes farinae. The composition of Juniperus chinensis heartwood extracts from hot-water and methanol was different. There were no terpene and its analogue peaks in hot-water extract. However there were terpene and its analogue peaks in methanol extract. From these GC-MS results, terpene was identified in methanol extract of Juniperus chinensis heartwood. Efficient ingredient of antifungal activity and house dust mite repellent effect was assumed terpene.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.76-86
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• 2018

Turfgrass species were evaluated for their rooting and foliar characteristics, and their interaction with the soil. The rooting system was divided into three compartments, one above another, such that the top and bottom compartments of the root system could be supplied with a nutrient deprived solution. Exposure of parts of the roots to nitrate deprivation caused a localised retardation of root initiation and extension, compared with zones receiving the full supply of nutrients. This resulted in considerable modification to root form, coupled with a significant depression in foliar growth. The extension of roots was the least affected by the deprivation of potassium. Phosphate and calcium deprivations gave rise to similar responses in root and foliar formation. Results from this study showed that external concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and calcium are required by the root system in varying amounts for optimal growth of roots. Turfgrass coverage and turf quality ratings further reinforced these findings. No significant difference was observed between the different grasses examined here. All three species responded similarly to the deprivation of the various nutrients. Results from this study confirmed that targeted fertilization programs are beneficial and can help reduce cost, chemical usage and prevent leachate and contamination.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.937-944
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• 2005

Presently, aquatic plants are used for the water purification in inland water. This study was carried out to investigate the water purification effect of aquatic plants, Oenanthe javanica and Typha angustata, The experiment was conducted in outdoor flowing water was conducted for ten days, Water quality was measured in terms of water temperature, COD(chemical oxygen demand), SS(suspended solids), Total N, Total P. The results of field experimentation showed that hydraulic retention time was the earliest in July and August 2003, and there were not any particular changes of monthly water temperature in inflow water and outflow water. As we look at the changes taken place in inflow water and outflow water throughout the whole experiment period, the change of water quality in summer was salient, especially SS removal ratio showed distinguished change as $25\%$, when the pebble filter and aquatic were attached to it. The removal rate of COD, total N total P were $14,7\%,\;8\%\;and\;9\%$, respectively. In relating the length of water extension to the change in water quality, the water quality tended to get lower generally in proportion to hydraulic retention time.