• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.130-133
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• 1999

Body fat-reducing ability of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) water extract (OMWE) was investigated of mice by supplying it drinking water. OMWE(2.95% solid content ) was prepared by extracting a low grade of the mushroom at 12$0^{\circ}C$ for 10min. The solid material of OMWE was composed of 65.2% reducing sugar, 0.23% crude fat, 0.5%total protein, 1.2% ash and 32.9% others. OMWE was appropriately diluted with drinking water. Seventy two male ICR mice(25$\pm$1 g, 7~8 weeks of age, 6 mice/cage, 18 mice/treatment) housed in polycarbonate cages containing $\beta$-chips were adopted in a temperature-and humidity-controlled facility with free access to water and diet. One week later, the mice were subjected to one of the treatments for 36days : 0 (control), 10, 50 and 100% OMWE. Drinking wter with or without OMWE was supplied twice (40ml each, 80ml in total ) daily per cage. Body weight and fed intake were recorded every three days. At the end of the experiment, mice were sacrificed to determine the chemical composition (fat, protein, ash and water). Body weight of mice treated with OMWE (10, 50 and 100%) at day 36 was 35.9, 35.9and 35.5g per mouse , respectively, and not significantly reduced as compared to that (36.5g/mouse) of control mice. Average body fat of 0,10,50 and 10% OMWE -treated mice was 14.3, 13.1, 10.7 and 12.0% , respectively. Body fat reduction by 50% OMWE treatment was 25.2% (p<0.05) relative to control. OMWE did not affect feed intake. The contents of body protein and ash were increased with respect to body fat decrease, while water content was not changed much. These results suggest that OMWE could reduce body fat of the mice without body weight change, giving the best effect by 50% OMWE.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.46-54
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• 2007

PURPOSE Osteosarcoma occurring in the head and neck region is known as a malignant tumor that shows a relatively poor prognosis and, despite various treatments, clinicians have often been confounded by it. The existence or non-existence of the mutation of the gene $p16^{INK4a}$ has been used in prognosis assessment. In this study, author have attempted to determine whether methylation of the gene $p16^{INK4a}$ could be applied to forecast the progress of osteosarcomas in the head and neck region having been given poor prognoses in the diagnostic process and the early stage of treatment. RESEARCH SUBJECT AND METHOD Clinicopathologic investigations, immunohistochemical examinations, a methylation specific polymerase reaction (MSP) analysis, and a survival analysis were conducted on the tissues of 20 patients with mandibulofacial osteosarcoma. RESULTS Neither age, sex, size, smoking or non-smoking, nor region have showed a statistical significance with methylation or unmethylation of the gene $p16^{INK4a}$ and expression rates demonstrated by immunohisto- chemical examinations. A chi-square test indicated that recurrence inclination has no relation with the expression rate of p16 protein (p=0.6615), but it showed a statistical significance with methylation of the gene $p16^{INK4a}$ (p=0.0033). With respect to investigations of the survival rates, a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis found that the manifestation rate of p16 protein did not have an impact on survival (p=0.8864), but that the methylation of the gene $p16^{INK4a}$ resulted in significant differences in survival rates (p=0.0105). CONCLUSIONS The above results show that methylation of the gene $p16^{INK4a}$ could be one of the major factors that help determine the recurrence inclination and prognosis of osteosarcomas occurring in the head and neck region.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2002

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is directed to arresting the progression of the disease, and regenerating the fibrous attachment. In order to achieve such treatment aim, the plaque and calculus must be eliminated and the physiological conditions of the root surface must be changed to facilitate the attachment and migration of the new fibroblasts, The method of changing the proper root surface conditions to promote the healing of periodontal tissue involves mechanical procedures, such as scaling and root planing, and chemical procedures such as tetracycline-HCl. However, the formation of a long junctional epithelium was most frequently observed type of healing. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine in vitro the influence of surface conditioning of dentin by TC-HCl on human gingival epithelial cell attachment. Human gingival epithelial cells were obtained from healthy retromolar pad area(under the age 23 years). Seventy two teeth extracted from severe periodontitis were used as study material. To evaluate the epithelial cell attachment to dentin, the prepared specimen was divided to four groups. For the control group, only scaling and root planing were carried out, and for the test group, 1 to 3, the concentration of the TC-HCl was 50, 125 and 250mg/ml respectively. After cell cultivation time of 1-, 3-. 24 hour, for the indirect quantitative assessment of gingival epithelial cell attached to dentin sample, the absorbance of epithelial cell unattached to dentin was measured. The results were as follows; 1. There was no statistically significant difference between scaling and root planing group and TC-HCl 50mg/ml 125mg/ml and 250mg/ml group about absorbance of unattached epithelial cell to dentin sample(p>0.5). 2. As time passes, the absorbance of unattached gingival epithelial cell to dentin sample was decreased statistically significant(p<0.05). 3. There was no statistically significant difference among the TC-HCl group(p>0.05) We concluded that there was similar effect on gingival epithelial cell attachment between TC-HCl conditioning on root surface and only scaling and root planing treatment

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.183-187
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• 2003

This study was carried out to ascertain the basic information on characteristics of Korean Ginseng(Panax ginseng) and American ginseng(Panax quinquefolius), F$_1$ hybrids. Interspecies hybrids between Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius were examined morphological characteristics, rusty root incidence, and contents of effective ingredients such as ginsenosides. The summarized results are as follows. In Panax ginseng, rusty root incidence tended to increase with age of ginseng, but there was no difference in the incidence among ginseng ages and cultivation years in Panax quinquefolius and F$_1$ hybrid. The interspecies hybrid of panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius flowered later than the Panax ginseng, but earlier than the Panax quinquefolius. As for the characteristics of ginseng root, Panax quinquefolius seedling was better than cv. Panax ginseng, as the former had longer and heavier seedling root than the latter. Ginsenosides of the hybrid F$_1$ showed intermediate value in amounts of Rb$_1$, Rb$_2$, Rc and Rd which were detected as in Panax gineng and Panax quinquefolius. The amount of Re of the hybrid was higher, but that of Rg$_1$ and Rg$_2$ in main and branch roots was lower compared with its parents. Rf was 0.14% and 0.20% in main and branch roots of Panax ginseng, respectively; however, no Rf was detected in Panax quinquefolius and in the hybrid F$_1$. This suggests there may be remarkable difference in Rf content among the ginseng species.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.549-554
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• 2017

This study conducted a survey on 319 Chinese women in their 20s to 50s living in three large cities in China, with an aim to analyze the influence on the purchasing behavior and satisfaction for Korean cosmetics depending on their complex purchasing tendencies. According to the research, the rational tendency was higher when the subjects were over 40 years old and married, and the impulsive tendency was the highest in those in their 30s. There was no huge difference in regions depending on the two tendencies, while there were statistically significant differences in purchasing period, times and costs when buying cosmetics. In addition, purchasing satisfaction for cosmetics had a positive correlation with purchasing tendencies. The subjects pursued convenience in purchasing as their rational tendency was higher, while they sought the trends as their impulsive tendency was higher. Based on the results, it is expected to maximize purchasing satisfaction of Chinese female consumers depending on their purchasing tendencies, if the Korean cosmetics makers provide reliable quality assurance, product exchange and customer management services. It is also expected to help revitalize the beauty market for China as well as Southeast Asia, if the Korean cosmetics companies implement differentiated marketing strategies targeting the customers in the age group with the impulsive consumption tendency.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.36-50
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate quantity food production practices in foodservices by analysing the menus of April, 1996, The questionnaire was developed and responded to by 96 dietitians in Sangju, Munkyung, Gumee, Kimchun, and Andong during November, 1996. The survey was performed by simple random samplings. The results were as follosw; 1. Hospitals and industry served food for thirty days and schools for twenty days. Kimchi was a select-menu for hospitals and one side dish for industry and schools. The type of menu was a single use menu which consisted of cooked rice, soups and three side dishes. 2. The most frequently used ingredients were green onions, rice, carrots, onions, Korean radish roots, pork, eggs, glutinous rice, and milk. Kimchis were served most frequently in all food services and cooked rices and soups were next. 3. The age of most of the respondents was 26 to 30.54.2% of subjects were juniou college graduates and 77.1% were single. Fifty seven point three percent of the dietitians lived with family relatives, or friends. 87.5% of the dietitians had been working for 1 to 5 years. 4. Most foodservices were self-operated. The number of meals served was determined by meal coupon counting in hospitals(37.5%), meal board counting in industry(29.2%), and attendance card counting in schools(41.1%) The cost of sales per meal was approximately 2,450 won in hospitals and was approximately 1,100 won in industry and schools. The average number of days per menucycle was 7.4 in hospitals. 10.3 in industry and 25.5 in schools. Hospitals, industry, and schools held about 118, 265 and 263 recipes respectively. The average number of dietitians was 2.6 in hospitals and 1.0 in industry and schools. Except for the number of recipes, the general practices of foodservices were significantly different(P<0.05). 5. In the general quantity food production, food and seasonings measuring was hardly done. the percentage of foodservices using chemical seasonings was higher in hospitals and industry than in schools. the most important concern was taste, Registered cooks were employed in 75% of schools but only 50.0% in hospitals and 20.8% in industry. Most of the dietitians respinded that their cooks skill was not bad. The education of unregistered cooks was performen once or two times a month in hospitals and industry, and in schools performed everyday. The problem when educating cooks was the lack of cooking skill of the dietitians in schools, and the lack of time in hospitals, and the negative attitude toward education in industry. The method for improving cooking in all foodservices was OJT, or the extension of education facilities and the development and dissemination of standard recipes. The frequency of throwing away leftovers was higher in hospitals. But in industry, the frequency of saving leftovers was higher. 6. Though all foodservices have standard recipes, the number that used them was low, Another problem is that standard recipes resulted in leftovers. The inconveniences of using standard recipes were the difficulty of applying standard recipes to various numbers of customers the complication of use, or facility insufficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.149-161
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• 2004

The fusion of nano technology and information technology is essential to sustain the present growth rate and to induce new industry in this ever-growing information age. Considering Korean industry whose competitiveness lies heavily on information related technologies, this field will be inevitable for future. Nano materials can be described as novel materials whose size of elemental structure has been engineered at the nanometer scale. Materials in the nanometer size range exhibit fundamentally new behavior, as their size falls below the critical length scale associated with any given property. " Bottom-up' techniques involve manipulating individual atoms and molecules. Bottom-up process usually implies controlled or directed self assembly of atoms and molecules into nano structures. It resembles more closely the processes of biology and chemistry, where atoms and molecules come together to create structures such as crystals or living cells. Nano scale sensors are included in the electronics area since the diverse sensing mechanisms are often housed on a semiconductor substrate and usually give rise to an electronic signal. The application of nano technology to the chemical sensors should allow improvements in functionality such as gas sensing. In this presentation, we will discuss about the nano scale information materials and devices fabricated by using the organic/inorganic nano templates.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2017

Reddish brown clay-silt sediments covered granitoid weathering crust in the Jangdongri area, Naju, Korea. Mineralogical and geochemical properties of the ~2 m sediment section were investigated. The sediments were composed mainly of quartz (50%) and clay minerals (45%) with minor contents of K-feldspar, goethite, hematite, and gibbsite. The clay minerals were illite, illite-smectite mixed-layers, vermiculite, hydroxy-Al vermiculite, kaolinite, and halloysite. Mineral composition varied little through the section with the minor upward enrichment of plagioclase and chlorite. Abundant illitic clay minerals indicated the remote source of the sediments because clays derived by granite weathering in Korea were dominated by kaolin minerals. A comparison with the mineral composition of Asian dust (Hwangsa) suggested that plagioclase and K-feldspar disappeared by chemical weathering after deposition, resulting in the quartz and clay-rich sediments. Plagioclase and chlorite altered to kaolin and vermiculite, respectively. Goethite and hematite derived by the weathering of iron-bearing minerals stained the sediment to reddish brown color. The mineralogical and geochemical properties of the reddish brown clay-silt sediments were consistent with those of eolian deposits identified in Korea, supporting eolian origin of the Jangdongri sediments, requiring future confirmation including age dating and isotopic analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.245-252
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• 2017

Recently, structures such as large retailers, outlets and warehouses have been increasing in accordance with changes in consumption patterns. Since these structures include ultra-flat slab members, they are thoroughly managed to control slab cracking by the plastic and drying shrinkage. In order to control the cracking of the slab member, a chemical crack reduction method is used. In particular, the use of the shrinkage reducing agent has been examined. However, domestic research results are limited. In this study, the shrinkage properties of concrete using shrinkage reducing agent and the drying shrinkage properties according to the mixing factors were investigated. The performance of domestic shrinkage reducing agent was appeared similar to that of overseas high-grade shrinkage reducing agent. As the shrinkage reducing agent usage increased, the drying shrinkage reduction effect increased. At the age of 100 days, the dry shrinkage rate of specimen with the shrinkage reducing agent of 1.5%was shown about half that of the specimen without the shrinkage reducing agent. The shrinkage reducing agent was gound to have no specific performance change for the use of the admixture.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.217-231
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• 1993

Due to the increased awareness on the relationship between high cholesterol intake and cardiovascular disease, the development of low cholesterol eggs and egg products are necessary at the present time. Largely, two approaches are possible to develop low cholesterol eggs. The first approach is the production of low cholesterol eggs by altering feeds of layers, by administering drugs, by genetic selection of strains and breeds, and by management of laying cycle, age and egg size. The second approach is to manufacture low cholesterol eggs technically treated with adsorbant, solvent, enzyme, edible oil and supercritical fluid. Both approaches have their own pros and cons, respectively, as far as the cholesterol removal rates, the easeness of process, and the economic reasons are concerned. The low cholesterol egg production is quite labor-intensive and has relatively low cholesterol removal rate(30∼50％ ) compared to that of chemically treated eggs. On the other hand, the low cholesterol eggs treated with chemicals have a very high cholesterol removal rate (80∼90％) but some of the methods are not completely safe as food processing purposes due to the residual chemicals and the sensory quality is not as good as the low cholesterol eggs without chemical treatment. Therefore, further studies must be conducted to improve the sensory quality of low cholesterol eggs and to eliminate fear about the harmfulness using low cholesterol eggs.