• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.249-256
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• 2016

Porous $Al_2O_3$ hollow fiber membranes were successfully prepared by dry-wet spinning/sintering method. The SEM image shows that the $Al_2O_3$ hollow fiber membrane consists mostly of sponge pore structure. The contact angle and the breakthrough pressure were $126^{\circ}$ and 1.91 bar, respectively. This results indicate that the $Al_2O_3$ hollow fiber membranes were successfully modified to hydrophobic surface. The hydrophobic modified $Al_2O_3$ hollow fiber membranes were assembled into a membrane contactor system to separate $CO_2$ from a model gas mixture of the flue gas at elevated gas velocity. The $CO_2$ absorption flux was enhanced when the gas velocity increased from $1{\times}10^{-3}$ to $6{\times}10^{-3}$ m/s. Whereas the $CO_2$ absorption flux was decreased with the number of hollow fiber membrane of a module because of the concentration polarization. Furthermore, we developed an lab-scale $Al_2O_3$ hollow fiber membrane contactor modules and their system (i.e., $CO_2$ absorption using the $Al_2O_3$ membrane and monoethanolamine (MEA)) that could dispose of over $0.02Nm^3/h$ mixture gas (15% $CO_2$) with the removal efficiency higher than 95%. The results can be useful in a field of the membrane contactor for $CO_2$ separation, helping to design and extend a equipment.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.827-837
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• 2019

The present study was conducted with the aim to investigate the ameliorative effects of a new soybean product (cheonggukjang) fermented with Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SCGB1 (SFBA) in atopic dermatitis (AD) mouse model. Visual evaluation of AD induction in the mice indicated the remarkable control of SFBA in reducing the pathological severity of AD-like skin lesions reported as the SCORAD score of AD clinical symptoms. The results revealed that SFBA reduced dorsal skin and epidermal thickness to a similar extent with prednisolone. Further analysis revealed the dominance of SFBA in restraining mast cell infiltration in the dermis; immunoglobulin-E expression in serum; and TH2 IL-4 cytokine and itch-related IL-31 cytokine in the mice skin and serum. SFBA also suppressed scratching behaviours in mice induced by compound 48/80. Further histological findings also revealed the alleviation of collagen fiber deposition in dermal skin of the AD mice model. These actions of SFBA were examined to be mediated by its suppression of the phosphorylation activation of key signalling molecules such as $NF-{\kappa}B$ and MAPK responsible for the induction of cytokine production. Thus, SFBA can be considered as a promising functional food for managing clinical, histological and immunological spectra associated with AD.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 2021

Background: Invasive infections due to foodborne pathogens, including Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, are prevalent and life-threatening. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) on the adhesion, invasion, and intracellular survival of S. Typhimurium. Methods: The impacts of Rg3 on bacterial growth and host cell viability were determined using the time kill and the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assays, respectively. Gentamicin assay and confocal microscopic examination were undertaken to determine the effects of Rg3 on the adhesive and invasive abilities of S. Typhimurium to Caco-2 and RAW 264.7 cells. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to assess the expression of genes correlated with the adhesion, invasion, and virulence of S. Typhimurium. Results: Subinhibitory concentrations of Rg3 significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the adhesion, invasion, and intracellular survival of S. Typhimurium. Rg3 considerably reduced (p < 0.05) the bacterial motility as well as the release of nitrite from infected macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. The expression of genes related to the adhesion, invasion, quorum sensing, and virulence of S. Typhimurium including cheY, hilA, OmpD, PrgK, rsgE, SdiA, and SipB was significantly reduced after Rg3 treatment. Besides, the compound downregulated rac-1 and Cdc-42 that are essential for actin remodeling and membrane ruffling, thereby facilitating Salmonella entry into host cells. This report is the first to describe the effects of Rg3 on "trigger" entry mechanism and intracellular survival S. Typhimurium. Conclusion: Rg3 could be considered as a supplement agent to prevent S. Typhimurium infection.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 2021

Objectives The objective of this study was to appraise the effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) for the treatment of cervical vertigo. Methods We performed a literature search using nine electronic databases up to the end of November 2020. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which appraised the effect of EA in the treatment of cervical vertigo. The risk of bias was evaluated from the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results Thirteen appropriate RCTs were included and analyzed. The efficacy rate of the EA group was statistically higher compared with the control group treated with western medicine (p<0.00001). EA treatment significantly improved efficacy rate when combined with western medicine than western medicine alone (p<0.0001). Also EA used with combined therapy (traction, traditional chinese medicine, injection) significantly improved efficacy rate compared with combined therapy alone (p=0.02). Meta-analysis of thirteen studies demonstrated positive results for using EA for the treatment of cervical vertigo. Conclusions Based on results, EA treatment could be effective in cervical vertigo. However, it should be noted that the studies included in this research are regionally biased and small in number. Further well-designed research should be required.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2023

Carboplatin, an advanced anticancer drug with excellent efficacy against ovarian cancer, was developed to alleviate the side effects that often occur with cisplatin and other platinum-based compounds. Our study reports the in vitro characteristics, viability, and activity of cells expressing the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene after carboplatin was conjugated with polysuccinimide (PSI) and administered in combination with other widely used anticancer drugs. PSI, which has promising properties as a drug delivery material, could provide a platform for prolonging carboplatin release, regulating its dosage, and improving its side effects. The iNOS gene has been shown to play an important role in both cancer cell survival and inhibition. Herein, we synthesized a PSI-carboplatin conjugate to create a modified anticancer agent and confirmed its successful conjugation. To ensure its solubility in water, we further modified the structure of the PSI-carboplatin conjugate with 2-aminoethanol groups. To validate its biological characteristics, the ovarian cancer cell line SKOV-3 and normal ovarian Chinese hamster ovary cells were treated with the PSI-carboplatin conjugate alone and in combination with paclitaxel and topotecan, both of which are used in conventional chemotherapy. Notably, PSI-carboplatin conjugation can be used to predict changes in the genes involved in cancer growth and inhibition. In conclusion, combination treatment with the newly synthesized polymer-carboplatin conjugate and paclitaxel displayed anticancer activity against ovarian cancer cells but was not toxic to normal ovarian cancer cells, resulting in the development of an effective candidate anticancer drug without severe side effects.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.165-179
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• 2009

The primary school library make high using convenience of teachers and students and support work of teachers efficiently because of transmission education and information fundamentally. Generally, the main purpose of space composition is economic Lay-out of space and furniture to connect faculty of between space and space. Therefore, to convenient for users and high effect of education, Lay-out of space and furniture, we survey and analyze Lay-out type of faculty space in primary school library. To this aspects, the purpose of this study is to understand state and analyze the occupancy character of space for students that user of primary school library then when we plan primary school library, accomplish more efficient space plan that specialization, pluralistic, individuality of primary school library and cope with environment of education and change of society actively.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.658-665
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• 2023

Background/Aims: We aimed to study the effects of sedation on endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study evaluating the role of sedation in endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition by comparing two groups: anesthesia care provider (ACP) sedation and endoscopist-directed conscious sedation (CS). Results: Technical success was achieved in 219/233 (94.0%) in the ACP group and 114/136 (83.8%) in the CS group (p=0.0086). In multivariate analysis, the difference in technical success between the two groups was not significant (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.234-1.069; p=0.0738). A successful diagnostic yield was present in 146/196 (74.5%) in the ACP group and 66/106 (62.3%) in the CS group, respectively (p=0.0274). In multivariate analysis, the difference in diagnostic yield between the two groups was not significant (aOR, 0.643; 95% CI, 0.356-1.159; p=0.142). A total of 33 adverse events (AEs) were observed. The incidence of AEs was significantly lower in the CS group (5/33 CS vs. 28/33 ACP; OR, 0.281; 95% CI, 0.095-0.833; p=0.022). Conclusions: CS provided equivalent technical success and diagnostic yield for malignancy in endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition. Increased AEs were associated with anesthesia for the endoscopic ultrasound-guided tissue acquisition.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.92-96
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• 2024

The application of the technology for forming Al₂O₃ thin films using ALD(atomic layer deposition) method is rapidly increasing in the semiconductor and display fields. In order to increase the efficiency of the ALD process in a mass production line, metallic by-products generated from the ALD process chamber must be effectively collected. By collecting by-products flowing out of the chamber with a cold trap device before they go to the vacuum pump, damage to the vacuum pump can be prevented and the work room can be maintained stably, resulting in increased process flow rate. In this study, a cold trap was installed between the ALD process chamber and the dry pump to measure and analyze by-products generated during the Al₂O₃ thin film deposition process. As a result, it was confirmed that Al and O elements were discharged, and the collection forms were two types: bulk and powder. And the binding energy peaked at 73.7 ~ 74.3 eV, the binding energy of Al 2p, and 530.7 eV, the binding energy of O 1s, indicating that the binding structure was Al-O.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 1970

The freshwater shrimp, Macrobrachium nipponensis is one of the largest species as well as one of the Important types of food. It can be found widely in rivers and swamps from Che-ju island in the south to Chung-ju in the north. The larval development of these shrimps was studied by Yu (1966) and CHUN and YU (1967), but they didn't provide any other features. Shrimps for the present study were collected from the Ntk-Dong River, near Pusan, once each month from March to December 1963. The following is a summary of the results. 1. The relationship between the carapace length (X) and the body length (Y) is: Y=2.68996X+1.14784 in female. Y=2.73121X+1.10827 in male. 2. The relationship between the carapace length(X)_ and tile basipodite length of the 2nd pereiopode (Y) is: Y=0.16910X-0.06422 in female Y=0.19410X-0.06075 in male. 3. The relationship between the carapace length (X) and the ischiorodite length of the 2nd pereiopode (Y) is: Y= 0.48524X-0.10812 in female. Y= 0.69052X-0.28616 in male. 4. The relationship between the carapace length(X) and the meropodite length of the End pereiopode (Y) is: Y=0.51217X-0.04088 in female. Y= 1.9792X-0.98258 in male. 5. The relationship between the carapace length (X) and the carpopodite length of the 2nd pereiopode (Y) is: Y=0.87701X-0.33919 in female. Y=2.00091X-1.64116 in male. 6. The relationship between the carapace length (X) and the propodite length of the 2nd pereiopode (Y) is: Y= 1.04672 X-0.50727 in female. Y=2.67663X-2.40488 in male. 7. The relationship between the carapace length (X) and the dactylopodite length of the 2nd pereiopode (Y) is: Y=0.26366 X+0.15743 in female. Y=1.04866 X-0.67781 in male.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.22 no.2 s.26
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• pp.268-275
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• 1989

The studies on the standard plate count, most probable number(MPN) and isolation of the Enterobacteriaceae, especially Salmonella species from stream waters of Kyong-Ju city were carried out from June to July, 1988. The relationship between water temperature, weather and standard plate count were observed. The locations where all of the MPN was higher than 1,600 were Mun-chon bridge, Wol-song bridge, Go-hun bridge and the area adjoining the Hyong-san river. The higher the water temperature, the more the viable counts without rain. Bacteriological survey of the Salmonella species was performed with the total 80 specimens isolated from 16 areas which are the main streams in Kyong-Ju city. The author identified S strains(2.36%) of Salmonella typhi, 5 strains(2.3%) of Salmonella paratyphi, 2 strains(1.42%) of Salmonella paratyphi B, 63 strains(29.72%) of other Salmonella groups by biochemical tests and serotyping tests with slide agglutination.