• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2005

We studied the electrochromic properties of hydrated amorphous ruthenium oxide ($RuO_2{\cdot}xH_2O$) thin films using in-situ Raman spectroscopy during electrochemical charging/discharging cycles. We have found that the principal effect of hydrogen insertion into $RuO_2{\cdot}xH_2O$ is reduction of $Ru^{4+}\;to\;Ru^{3+}$, and not formation of new bonds involving hydrogen. We compared the changes in the Raman spectrum of a gasochromic $Pd/RuO_2{\cdot}xH_2O$ film as it is exposed to hydrogen gas with that of electrochemical hydrogen insertion. We tested the changes in the optical transmission of the $Pd/RuO_2{\cdot}xH_2O$ film when exposed to hydrogen gas.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.660-669
• /
• 2015

This paper presents a control scheme with a focus on the combination of phase disposition pulse width modulation (PDPWM) and DC capacitor voltage control for a chopper-cell based modular multilevel converter (MMC) for the purpose of eliminating the time-consuming voltage sorting algorithm and complex voltage balancing regulators. In this paper, the convergence of the DC capacitor voltages within one arm is realized by charging the minimum voltage module and discharging the maximum voltage module during each switching cycle with the assistances of MAX/MIN capacitor voltage detection and PDPWM signals exchanging. The process of voltage balancing control introduces no extra switching commutation, which is helpful in reducing power loss and improving system efficiency. Additionally, the proposed control scheme also possess the merit of a simple executing procedure in application. Simulation and experimental results indicates that the MMC circuit together with the proposed method functions very well in balancing the DC capacitor voltage and improving system efficiency even under transient states.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.75-80
• /
• 2002

Cycle life tests have been carried out to evaluate the influence of safety valve pressure on valve regulated lead/acid batteries under deep cycling applications. Batteries were cycled at 5 hour rates at 100% DOD, and safety valve pressure was set to 1.08 and 2.00 bar, respectively. The batteries lost 248.3 g and 235.3 g of water for each case after about 1,200 cycles, but the cyclic performances of the batteries were comparable. Most of the gas of the battery during discharging was hydrogen, and the oxygen concentration increased to 18% after 3 hours of charging. The micro structure of the positive active materials was completely changed and the corrosion layer of the positive grid was less than $50{\mu}m$, regardless of the pressure of the safety valve after cycle life tests. The cause of discharge capacity decrease was found to be water loss and the shedding of the positive active materials. The pressure of safety valve does not give little effect to the cyclic performances and the failure modes of the gelled electrolyte valve-regulated lead acid batteries.

• 전자공학회논문지CI
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.103-112
• /
• 2004

본 논문에서는 터널 굴진기의 모든 조작이 시스템 운용자에 의해 수동으로 운용 되고 있는 방법을 개선하여 터널 굴진기의 토크/추력 및 송/배니압을 자동으로 제어하는 방법을 제안한다. 이를 위하여 본 연구에서는 굴진 운용자의 토크/추력 및 송/배니압의 수동 제어 방법에 대해 체계적인 분석을 하였고 이를 바탕으로 퍼지 제어기와 경고 및 긴급 정지를 위한 제어기를 설계하였다. 제안된 시스템은 전문가 규칙으로부터 퍼지 규칙을 추출하였기 때문에 시스템 운용자들의 숙련된 제어 방법을 그대로 따르면서 시스템의 변화에 신속하게 대응할 수 있다. 따라서 복잡한 환경에서 전문가의 역할을 대신할 수 있으며 기존에 운용자의 인지능력의 한계로 인해 시스템의 상태 변화에 빠르게 대응하기 어려웠던 점을 해결할 수 있다.

• 전기화학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.45-49
• /
• 2010

The rechargeable Zn-air battery is considered as one of the potential candidates for the next generation secondary batteries due to its many advantages. However, its further applications and commercialization have been limited by the complexity of the reactions on air electrode which are oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR/OER) upon discharging and charging processes, respectively. In the present study, lanthanum was impregnated into a commercial Pt/C gas diffusion electrode, and it clearly verified significantly enhanced cycling stability and reversibility. The results presented in this study show the possibility of repeated charge/discharge processes for Zn-air batteries with a La-loaded air electrode, and they demonstrate the potential as a promising next generation secondary battery.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.120-131
• /
• 2011

This paper proposes two control strategies for the bidirectional Z-source inverters (BZSI) supplied by batteries for electric vehicle applications. The first control strategy utilizes the indirect field-oriented control (IFOC) method to control the induction motor speed. The proposed speed control strategy is able to control the motor speed from zero to the rated speed with the rated load torque in both motoring and regenerative braking modes. The IFOC is based on PWM voltage modulation with voltage decoupling compensation to insert the shoot-through state into the switching signals using the simple boost shoot-through control method. The parameters of the four PI controllers in the IFOC technique are designed based on the required dynamic specifications. The second control strategy uses a proportional plus resonance (PR) controller in the synchronous reference frame to control the AC current for connecting the BZSI to the grid during the battery charging/discharging mode. In both control strategies, a dual loop controller is proposed to control the capacitor voltage of the BZSI. This controller is designed based on a small signal model of the BZSI using a bode diagram. MATLAB simulations and experimental results verify the validity of the proposed control strategies during motoring, regenerative braking and grid connection operations.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
• /
• 제21권7호
• /
• pp.679-685
• /
• 2008

This paper describes the degraded properties of between the charge and discharge current for ${\gamma}$-ray irradiated in electric power cable rubbers using in nuclear power generating station. The charge and discharge current of degradation in EPR(Ethylene Propylene Rubber), which were irradiated with the radiant capacity of 0.033 Mrad/h, have been measured in order to investigate the influence of the atmosphere(in amount of reinforcing agent, moisture absorption and heat treatment) on electrical properties. When ${\gamma}$-ray were irradiated on the EPR with more reinforcing agent from 4 to 40 Phr, charge and discharge currents was increase due to the amount of reinforcing agent. It was verified that the discharging and charging currents irradiated by ${\gamma}$-ray were higher than those that was not irradiated. The amount of the degraded current was more after moisture absorption than before moisture absorption. The charge and discharge current after heat treatment was similar to that of before heat treatment and it was decreased with the time elapsed. As these properties related with ${\gamma}$-ray irradiation dose, it is suggested that these properties can be utilized as a index of irradiation degradation.

• Journal of Power Electronics
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.402-412
• /
• 2014

This paper proposes a novel electric propulsion system for naval ships, which consists of Active Front End (AFE) converters directly connected to battery Energy Storage Modules (ESMs). Employing the proposed AFE converters with ESMs in the power systems of naval ships can enhance the reliability and quality of the electric power. Furthermore, the fuel-efficiency of the generator can be improved by a higher loading factor of the generator and its prime movers. The proposed AFE configuration does not require an additional dedicated DC/AC converter for the ESMs. Instead of that, the AFE converter itself can control the DC link voltage and the discharging and/or charging of the ESMs. A control scheme to achieve these control objectives is also presented in this paper. The overall power system, including the generators and electrical loads of a naval ship, is implemented by a small scaled Power Hardware-In-the-Loop (PHIL) simulator. Through this experimental setup, the proposed system configuration and the power control strategies are verified. It is shown that the fuel-efficiency and transient dynamics can be improved in the normal and contingency operation modes.

• 전력전자학회논문지
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.199-207
• /
• 2011

전기 장치용 리튬폴리머 전지의 전기적 모델링은 전기에너지 공급시스템의 특성을 파악하는데 매우 중요하다. 본 논문은 리튬폴리머 전지의 동적특성을 모사하기 위한 전기적 등가 모델을 제안하였다. 리튬폴리머 전지의 충/방전 실험은 Maccor 8500 충방전시험장치를 사용하였다. 측정된 데이터를 이용하여 전지의 R-C 값을 선정하였으며, 선정된 값은 다항식 함수와 지수 함수를 사용하여 수식으로 나타내었다. 시뮬레이션 결과와 실험결과를 비교하여 제안된 모델의 타당성을 검증하였다

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 전력전자학회 2011년도 전력전자학술대회
• /
• pp.70-71
• /
• 2011

최근 신재생에너지에 대한 관심이 높아지면서 에너지 저장 장치로 친환경적인 2차 전지가 전기 에너지 저장 매체로 관심을 받고 있다. 2차 전지는 다양한 전자기기의 구동전원으로 널리 사용되고 있다. 2차 전지의 수명은 충방전과 관련이 있으며, 특히 니켈 수소 전지의 경우 과충전에 의한 온도 상승은 배터리 수명에 직접적인 영향을 준다. 경제성을 고려할 때 2차 전지는 배터리 관리 시스템을 필요로 하며, 충방전 전압과 전류 및 온도를 고려하여 충방전이 제어 되어야 한다. 본 논문은 범용 프로세서와 전압 전류 센서 및 온도센서를 사용하여 배터리의 자동 충방전 데이터 수집장치를 개발에 관한 것이다. 충방전 전압은 0.5V에서 15V까지 설정이 가능하도록 설계하였다. 제작된 장치로 충방전에 따른 배터리의 온도 변화가 측정 및 분석 가능 하였으며, 배터리 전압은 5mV 단위로 충방전이 가능함을 확인하였다.