• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.252-260
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• 2008

This study was conducted to observe the characteristics of mineral nutrient uptake of single-node cutting rose 'Versilla' and to determine optimal nutrient solution control method for soilless culture of 'Versilla' in a closed hydroponic system. Nutrient solution was managed by five different control methods: macro- and micro-element control in aeroponic system (M&M), macroelement control in aeroponic system (M), nutrient solution supplement in aeroponic system (S); electrical conductivity (EC) control in aeroponic system(EC-A); EC control in deep flow technique system(EC-D). The concentration of $NO_3$-N exceeds optimal range whereas P and Mg decreased at the later stage of plant growth with the EC control method, EC-A and EC-D. The overall mineral nutrient content increased with S. On the other hand the nutrient content at the root environment was maintained optimal with M&M and M. The nutrient solution control methods had significantly effect on the cut-flower quality. In the M&M and M, flower length, fresh weight and root activity were higher than those with the other mineral nutrients control methods. The maximal efficiency of photochemistry (Fv/Fm) was higher for M&M, M and S than that with EC-A and EC-D. Based on the above results, it is highly recommended to control nutrient solution by mineral nutrient control methods (M&M and M) in a closed hydroponic system for single-node cutting rose, 'Versillia'.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.375-382
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• 2017

In this study, general characteristics of dynamic behavior of stormwater runoff from a small impervious catchment was investigated from a series of simulations for a radial type surface runoff. Based on the simulation results, a better placement strategy for stormwater inlets to improve performance of a structural best management practice (BMP) was suggested. The degree of pollutant first flush from an ideal radial type impervious catchment was simulated using a 1-D diffusion wave equation coupled with a pollutant transport equation. The results showed that the first flush of the chemical oxygen demand was the strongest when the catchment length ranged 30-50m at a bed slope of 0.02. This result suggested that a required degree of the first flush can be intentionally obtained by just changing the locations and numbers of stormwater inlets, and thereby adjusting the catchment length. Particularly, the overall performance of a structural BMP in reducing pollutant load can be improved by placing the stormwater inlets at locations for obtaining a required first flush strength.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.106-118
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• 2009

This study was to investigated optimum preparation conditions for Gugija Heukimja jook by response surface methodology (RSM). The important materials used for the Gugija Heukimja product were Lycium chinese, Seasamum indicum L., Ziziphus jujuba Mill. and rice. Moisture content, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash and crude fiber content were 15.62, 16.60, 13.62, 4.93 and 11.17% for Lycium chinese, 3.62, 20.94, 43.56, 5.67 and 10.72% for Seasamum indicum L., 24.12, 5.38, 0.73, 2.30 and 1.25% for Ziziphus jujuba Mill., and 12.36, 6.98, 0.46, 0.43 and 0.41% for rice, respectively. Optimal extraction conditions of brix, color, pH and total acidity in the materials for Gugija Heukimja jook were temperature $80^{\circ}C$, water volume 850 mL and extraction time of 63 min. The spreadability of jook with Lycium chinese and Ziziphus jujuba Mill. extracts was the highest when black sesame was 12 g pH was the lowest when black sesame was 9 g. PH showed a significant difference when the added black sesame ratio changed. The 'value L' of chromaticity was lower with an increase of the black sesame ratio, 'value a' was higher with an increase of the black sesame ratio, 'value b' was lower with an increase of the black sesame ratio. Brix was lower when black sesame in jook was added. Total acidity was highest (7.27%) when black sesame was 12 g. The degree of gelatinization tended to be lower with additional black sesame. Higher scores of sensory evaluation were found for the product containing 9 g black sesame with Lycii furctus and Ziziphus jujuba Mill. extracts ompared to the other samples with 3 and 6g. No significant difference in taste occurred for Gugija Heukimja jook prepared with over 9 g black sesame, while a great difference showed in color, pH and total acid. Therefore, the Gugija Heukimja jook prepared under the optimal conditions of 9 g black sesame with Lycium chinese and Ziziphus jujuba Mill. extracts exhibited higher qualities. Gugija Heukimja jook can use the easier for Yacksun jook. It is expected to become functional in the product's development.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.193-202
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• 2009

This study was conducted to identify the magnitude of first flush in small city urban area and to provide the basic information on the criteria of stormwater runoff management. Monitoring site was surrounded by residential area in Gumi city near to national industrial complex and the monitoring period was three months. Total watershed area was 24.9 ha, where 80% of the area is impervious (asphalt of pavement type). Periodic monitoring of conventional water quality parameters were conducted with six times of rainfall period. Event mean and site mean concentrations for all the parameters were calculated based on the analytical results. Particle size distribution was 9.82 ${\mu}m$ for $D_{0.1}$, 38.99 ${\mu}m$ for $D_{0.5}$ and 159.61 ${\mu}m$ for $D_{0.9}$ respectively. First flush phenomenon was detected highly in particulate solids than dissolved ones. The first flush criteria results by mass first flush contained between 44.4% to 58.5% pollutant mass during the first 30% of runoff volume. Mass first flush ratio and particle size distribution obtained in this study are expected to provide the basic information for the design and operation of non-point source treatment facility.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.172-182
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• 2009

This study was to analyze characteristics based on tolerance and trophic guilds and to determine the level of total mercury in tissues of sentinel species, Zacco platypus at 3 sampling sites of the Mangyeong River in 2007. Total sampled fishes were 26 species and the most dominant species was Zacco temminckii (47%). Fish community analysis was resulted that eveness index and diversity index showed low value at S1. However, diversity index and richness index at other sites showed high. According to various guilds analysis, relative abundance of sensitive species was 70% and 42% at S1 and S2, respectively. While sensitive species were decreased (1%) and tolerant species were increased (60%) at S3. It was mainly carried to the impacts of wastewater treatment plants near the location. Relative abundance of insectivore species was decreased from up (S1) to midstream area (S3). In addition, chemical water quality, based on analyses of BOD, COD, TP, TN, EC, MPN and SS concentration showed similar trends. Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI) was averaged 164, judged as "good" habitat condition. Average concentrations of total [Hg] was 146.9 ${\mu}g$ $kg^{-1}$. In the muscles of total [Hg] was the highest, and then followed by kidney, vertebrae, liver, and gills. According to FDA standards (500 ${\mu}g$ $kg^{-1}$) of Korea, total [Hg] has not affected to the individual fish health.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.215-223
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• 2006

The Total Maximum Daily Load(TMDL) Act just implemented as a new tool of watershed based water quality management, in Korea. Thus, there are a number of pending questions to resolve for successful settlement of the TMDL. The allocation of pollution source is a exceedingly sensitive issue on local development planning. The simple area-based allocation (SAA) is conventional method to allocate the administrational pollution information to watershed based information. The SAA has a limitation that it can't consider the characteristics of spatial distribution of pollution source and it has caused more uncertainty of TMDL. This study was performed to reduce the uncertainty of watershed-based pollution information using the spatial distribution-based allocation(SDA). In the specific area where pollution source is concentrated such as urbanized region, it has been certified that SDA could reduce a tolerance of pollution information dramatically. As a result of study, SDA is expected a effective tool for TMDL and to solve the conflict between development and protection.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1006-1013
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• 2014

This study is aimed at examining the usefulness of mugwort as an alternative of western herb by making widely known tomato sauce with mugwort powder added, the ingredient that has a bio-active substance. The control group showed the highest percentage of water from tomato sauce, 89.24%. The sauce with mugwort added in by 2% showed the lowest pH, 4.55. The brightness L value for chromaticity got lower significantly (p>0.001) as the amount of added mugwort increased, and red a value and yellow b value were high in the control group for 18.06 and 16.84 respectively, and got reduced as the amount of added mugwort increased. The salinity was the highest in the sauce mugwort added in by 2% for 1.02. Sugar content and reducing sugar were the lowest in the sauce mugwort added in by 2% for 9.49 and 56.01. As measuring total count change, no microorganism was found until $10^{th}$ day of storage, and was 0% $1.7{\times}10^3CFU/mL$ on the $15^{th}$ day, and no microorganism was found in the 1.5% and 2% added groups. Lastly for 60 days of storage, the control group without mugwort showed the highest microorganism count for $3.1{\times}10^8CFU/mL$ In a sensory test, color was in the 1% added group was 5.28, higher than the control group which showed 4.78, but there was no significant difference. Taste was rated most highly in the 1.5% added group for 5.65. After taste was also rated most highly in the 1.5% added group for 5.8. Overall preference was the highest in the 1% added group for 5.79. From the results, tomato sauce with mugwort added in showed the high storage capacity and was rated highly in the preference test. The possibility of the alternative of western spice and the potential to use Korean spice for other western spice were observed again.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1193-1198
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• 2003

The effects of preferment levels prepared with lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi on the quality of white pan bread were studied. The aim was to investigate how preferment influenced the baking-technological, textural, and sensory properties of white pan bread. During the process of making white pan bread, the pH decreased as the preferment levels increased, whereas the titratable acidity increased. The loaf specific volume increased from 4.66 to $5.59\;cm^3/g$ as preferment content increased from $10%{\sim}25%$. The moisture content and water activity of the bread ranged from 40.77 to 41.49%, and 0.961 to 0.966, respectively, indicating that no appreciable differences were related with the preferment levels (p<0.05). The textural characteristics of white pan bread were highly correlated with the amount of preferment added. White pan bread containing preferment showed a decrease in hardness and gumminess, and an increase in springiness. The color of white pan bread was not significantly different from that of the control. In sensory evaluation, the values for volume, springiness, and umami were highest in the white pan bread with 20% preferment, and the sour and umami tastes increased with the amount of preferment.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.165-196
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• 2008

This paper reports a quantitative meta analysis of the economic impacts of localized noxious and contaminated sites. Using either hedonic property value or stated preference methods, economists have studied the effects of contamination or noxious activities, or the benefits realized from their elimination, on real estate prices at more than 40 sites. In support of wise public and private investments in environmental quality, most of these studies aim to inform decision makers about the benefits of remediation and cleanup. Their results vary considerably, but there has been no previous systematic effort to analyze the differences and identify shared insights. This study uses established methods of meta analysis to identify points of agreement and differences in this body of literature. The studies are characterized by the type of site, modeling approach, geographic extent of impacts, data features, and other key factors that underlie their value estimates. The impact estimates are normalized as proportional effects on property values. This study attempts to discover whether the estimated economic impacts of contamination or noxious activity differ according to these characteristics of the studies, and whether anything general can be said about the economic consequences of site contamination and remediation. Bivariate, multivariate, and logit techniques are applied to the data. The results suggest that the property value is the most sensitive to water base contamination, published case studies result in systematically greater environmental value than those in unpublished reports, and real estate markets show responses to environmental condition changes.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.2 s.82
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• pp.260-265
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Electron Beam irradiation on physico-chemical characteristics of Hanwoo meat. A total of sir beef carcasses $(280{\sim}300\;kg)$ that were quality grade $1^+$(marbling score No. 7, meat color No. 4, maturity No. 1, texture No. 1) was purchased at the commercial slaughter house. The carcasses were transported and washed using high pressure water, and pasteurized with 50% ethyl alcohol in the laboratory. After the carcasses were deboned and trimmed, loin and round were taken out to make steak (1.5 cm thickness) or patty respectively. Samples were wrap or vacuum packaged and irradiated with 0, 3, 4.5, 6 and 7.5 kGy using electron-beam accelerator. Irradiated samples were used to measure pH, moisture, crude protein, crude fat, and meat color. There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in pH between vacuum packaged (VP) and wrap packaged (WP) treatment, and the pH was not changed by electron-beam irradiation levels. Both control and irradiated treatments of steak showed higher tendency in moisture content. In crude protein content, control was higher than irradiated treatment in steak, but there were no difference in patty. Lightness ($L^{\ast}$) of meat color has no difference between irradiated and non-irradiated treatment (p>0.05). The value of redness and Yellowness of meat was dropped by increasing irradiation (p<0.05), but there was no difference between control and 3 kGy treatment (p<0.05).