• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.191-200
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• 2002

In the 1980s, even though Italy faced economic depression, Italy (she), now, internationally became a strong nation with its best design by national unity and the developmental leap of industry through design. In Italy, especially, small and medium enterprises are accumulated by the same business in each area on the structure of a Cluster system. Italy has some characteristics that being the Italians' elastic way of management, family management and development of a consortium of small and medium enterprises, which have flexibility, imagination and decisiveness. We have to bring these intensified factors of design competitiveness to our country so that we should form the union in order to have a monopoly of specific enterprises based on the specialized technology of small and medium enterprises innovating the structure of a small quantity production having developmental flexibility. We also heighten the sense of designer and publics by achieving social opinion and cult! ural revival. Moreover, the mind of managers has to be changed more aggressively. Finally, the actual policy of design will be established and peformed, and design-company (enterprises) and the industrial economy will generally develop when we activate the structure of the industry centered on small and medium enterprises and design-related association that is united and participates in the establishment of design policy.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2012

Kant defines mathematical cognition as the cognition by reason from the construction of concepts. In this paper, I inquire the meaning and the characteristics of the construction of concepts based on Kant's theory on the sensibility and the understanding. To construct a concept is to exhibit or represent the object which corresponds to the concept in pure intuition apriori. The construction of a mathematical concept includes a dynamic synthesis of the pure imagination to produce a schema of a concept rather than its image. Kant's transcendental explanation on the sensibility and the understanding can be regarded as an epistemological theory that supports the necessity of arithmetic and geometry as common core in human education. And his views on mathematical cognition implies that we should pay more attention to how to have students get deeper understanding of a mathematical concept through the construction of it beyond mere abstraction from sensible experience and how to guide students to cultivate the habit of mind to refer to given figures or symbols as schemata of mathematical concepts rather than mere images of them.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.48-62
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• 2009

Bodyguards always perform their duty with psychological burdens in their mind, not only because security situations are developed in various forms dependent on the surrounding environments or circumstances, but because bodyguards only take follow-up actions while the criminal decides time, place, and style of every attack. Thus, in the security situation, it is not uncommon for bodyguards to experience muscle rigidity, uncontrollable emotional elevation, difficulty in concentration, negative perception, frustration and enervation, which are caused by continuous physical/mental burdens, stimulations by various interpersonal behaviors or minute environmental stimulants. In conclusion, the result of performing security duties is related in the first place with the degree of the bodyguard's potential, in the second place with the degree of training and efficiency. And the result can also be changed by the way they control their negative psychological state of the moment when they carry out the skills they acquired. Maximizing the performance of the bodyguards by helping them overcome these psychological factors may be facilitated by detecting their psychological factors, understanding the causes, and training them in applying appropriate measures for overcoming these factors. When these measures are applied, the positive perception is indispensable that duties of protecting clients can be carried out successfully. No single measure can be declared to be more effective than the other because the effect of each measure is expressed differently by the individual characteristics of the bodyguards. However, it is important to select and apply the measures most appropriate to the bodyguard. Besides, they should devote themselves to the training with persistence because efficient implement of the measures for overcoming psychological factors takes a lot of time.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.851-856
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• 2002

All creatures are living in the space and time. As the space and time are prior to experience, they are preconditions for an incident to happen and preconditions for each other to coexist as well. Therefore, time can be recognized through the change of space and the space can be understood by the passage of time. In western philosophy, the space was understood as an object, place, interval, mind and etc. In oriental philosophy, even though one space is just a part of bigger space, the space may represent the universal space, and the various spaces are no more than a space. The space itself doesn't have any color, form, beginning and end, or liu-he(六合). However, it is the biggest concept that we can find everywhere. In order to understand the space, we need to find our position by expressing subjective positions like above and below, left and right, before and after, and objective positions like high and low, east and west, south and north. In oriental philosophy, the sun is the standard point in finding position; its front side is south, the backside is north, the left side is east, the right side is west, the upper side is south and the lower side north. Based on the finding position which is stated above and by taking each characteristics of he-luo-xi-wen(河洛羲文) and interrelations among them, the space can be modeled. Followings are the results obtained from this study: Tian doesn't fill in west and north. Di doesn't fill in east and south. Tian-dao(天道) turns to left, and Di-dao(地道) turns to right. There is no direct way to get to Dui-chong-fang without passing by Zhong-gong(中宮). The solid figure of eighty-one Bian-ju(變局) and sixty-four Gua-tu(卦圖).

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.2 s.60
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• pp.15-26
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• 2005

Recently, one of the outstanding characteristics in design field shows that design is combined with marketing. However, one thing shouldn't be overlooked that original marketing theories are not able to be applied to design in itself because of difference between marketing mind and design thinking. This premise leads the purpose of the study to aim to establish academic frameworks of design marketing by re-organizing conceptual elements of design marketing which can be more suitable for design environment. The study leads to review emergence backgrounds and circumstances of design marketing regarding the disciplinary characteristic of design. Then it examines fundamental concepts of traditional marketing. Next it, based on research results above, suggests the 4Cs as conceptual elements of design marketing which might be fit for design environment. Last it proposes 4C Mix which can be effectively applicable in design development process by restructuring newly suggested conceptual elements synergistically. The study result contributes to several implications in academic and practical perspective. First, it recreates theoretical concept elements of design marketing based on elements of traditional marketing area. Second, it suggests market-oriented framework which can be practically applied in the design development process by designers.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.327-337
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• 1999

Primitive men's primordial formative activity derives from incarnation contained in intensive vitality and strong creativity mind. The trend of modern fashion requiring the boundless imagination can be called that it, just, itself, has something in common with basic spiritual activity that primitive men had. What is concerning how modern fashion designers have developed formative language through enchanting primitive art is as follows. 1. The nature's mysterious power appears to be transformed into personified image. The incarnation for acquiring beauty, power, prestige of genius appears in the form of personification, making use of mask in modern fashion. 2. As for primitive men, the whole universe has a potentiality as a symbol. The symbolism of primitive art based on religion and myth appears in modern art as the form of presenting oppositional objects together in one space. 3. Primitive art is the purest form and the most unpolluted. This shows the natural quality being assimilated into nature, which is expressed in modern fashion as intensity, free-spirit, simplicity, etc. 4. The primitive men's anxiety to the outside world appears as impulse. The geometrical form of primitive art occurred in the shape of impulse appears in expressional form of modern fashion. 5. The real existence in primitive art inducing real materials and objects, in themselves, into formative world appears in modern art in the way of expression such as repetition, enlargement, exact reproduction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.59-74
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• 2006

Purpose : The principal objective of this study was to develop adequate health promotion programs satisfying the needs of high school students by exploring a variety of factors that affected their participation in these programs. This research was also designed to serve as preliminary data for the development of health promotion programs that will encourage active student participation. Methods : The study used a descriptive correlational design. The study participants were 658 coeducational high school students in Seoul, consisting of 317 9th graders and 341 10th graders. For this study, 599 structured questionnaires were selected. The survey was conducted for the period from December 12, 2005 to December 23, 2005. Results : Overall, students surveyed in this research showed relatively active participation in health-promoting behaviors. Among 5 dimensions, interpersonal support received the highest score while health responsibility ranked the lowest. Another finding was that posture correction program enjoyed the strongest student participation (75.5%) followed by stress management program(70.1%) and weight control program (56.6%). On the other hand, the participation rates for no-drinking(12.9%), smoking cessation program(17.0%), and influenza prevention program(22.9%) were at the low end. Multiple logistic regression results indicate that the higher interpersonal support score of health promoting behaviors gets, the higher student participation becomes. Conclusion : The study demonstrated that student participation was determined by the nature of health-promoting programs, demographic characteristics and health related physical fitness. It also showed that the sub-scales of the programs played a bigger role in student participation. Keeping this in mind, a wealth of health-enhancing programs of distinguishing qualities need to be tailored to meet various needs of students. In addition, serious efforts should be made to motivate them to seek relevant health promotion programs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.276-285
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• 2017

The research vessel NARA equipped with an azimuth thruster system was built in 2015. There are few vessels with this propulsion system in Korea. This vessel has two modes such as the normal for maneuvering and the power for investigation, and the other two modes as one axis and two axes on the operating. This type of vessels does not seem to have a clear grasp of the maneuvering character in comparison with the vessel with a conventional propulsion system. So the authors carried out the sea test for the turning, the zigzag and the inclination, and the results are as follows. In turning test, the case of using the two axes mode is much better than the case of using the one axis mode for the elements of turning, such as advance, transfer, tactical diameter and final diameter, but turning hard over the rudder in full speed is very vulnerable to capsize in both modes. In zigzag test, the yaw quicking responsibility index, T is very large excessively, which means a bad counter maneuvering ability, so an operator has to keep in mind that in turning operation. If necessary to avoid collision at head on situation, it may be a more effective method to use the crash astern stop than the turning according to the conditions and circumstances for the shortest stopping distance is very short.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.273-282
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• 2017

This paper is aimed at proposing a new approach to connecting the measurements of customer satisfaction on healthcare services with the prioritized identification of healthcare service processes to be improved. As customers' requirements for healthcare services have become too diverse and healthcare service systems have been increasingly complex, there has been growing interest in the customer-oriented evaluation of healthcare service quality and the systematic improvement of healthcare service processes. Most of the previous studies on service quality evaluation are based on SERVQUAL model. However, because of the unique characteristics and constraints inherent in healthcare service systems, it has been reported that SERVQUAL would be inadequate to be applied to healthcare service systems. As an alternative, SERVPERF has recently been widely used in the evaluation of healthcare service quality. However, there is a lack of studies on how to use the measurements of healthcare service quality systematically to improve service functions and processes. With this issue in mind, we firstly measured the customer-perceived satisfaction on the healthcare service quality from the six dimensions based on SERVPERF. Then we identified the relationships between the subjective measurements and healthcare service processes through brainstorming and expert interview. By using the relationships, we developed a customer journey map in healthcare services that visually describe the interaction between customers and healthcare service systems. The developed customer journey map would help service designers easily identify a healthcare service process that needs to be improved with priority. It is expected that the design improvement process proposed in this study would be a useful method for enhancing the quality of healthcare services.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.9-22
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• 2010

This research is attempted to investigate Dongcheon-rock inscription- to understand symbolic meanings from inscribed texts and to find its construction purpose. For the investigation, 25 target areas were selected for field exploration and literature review regarding Dongcheon were also performed. Several design characteristics of Dongcheon are as follows: First, Dongcheon has four criteria according to creation purpose: residential type(家居地型), hermitage type(隱棲地型), nature excursion type(山水遊覽型), aesthetic scenery type(勝景型), moral training type(修身型) and spiritual discipline type(修道地型). This category shows that Dongcheon is constructed at residential area, shelters, and place for leisure, mortal training and spiritual discipline. Second, Dongcheon is also classified by its location: location on village entrance in a deep forest(深山同口型) and location on near stream(溪流隣接型); location on near stream has also two types(連繫型, 單一領域型): location on an independent territory and location horizontal ground(平地型). Through garden creators' managing their garden in forest, valley and scenic spots, they pursue utopia. Third, naming is a way to create new landscape places. By naming a certain natural landscape as Dongcheon, the landscape is symbolized as utopia, appearing fairyland. Designer's desire and thoughts are saturated in Dongcheon.