• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

A bidirectional transient voltage suppression (TVS) diode consisting of specially designed $p^--n^{{+}+}-p^-$ multi-junctions was developed using low temperature (LT) epitaxy and fabrication processes. Its electrostatic discharge (ESD) performance was investigated using I-V, C-V, and various ESD tests including the human body model (HBM), machine model (MM) and IEC 61000-4-2 (IEC) analysis. The symmetrical structure with very sharp and uniform bidirectional multi-junctions yields good symmetrical I-V behavior over a wide range of operating temperature of 300 K-450 K and low capacitance as 6.9 pF at 1 MHz. In addition, a very thin and heavily doped $n^{{+}+}$ layer enabled I-V curves steep rise after breakdown without snapback phenomenon, then resulted in small dynamic resistance as $0.2{\Omega}$, and leakage current completely suppressed down to pA. Manufactured bidirectional TVS diodes were capable of withstanding ${\pm}4.0$ kV of MM and ${\pm}14$ kV of IEC, and exceeding ${\pm}8$ kV of HBM, while maintaining reliable I-V characteristics. Such an excellent ESD performance of low capacitance and dynamic resistance is attributed to the abruptness and very unique profiles designed very precisely in $p^--n^{{+}+}-p^-$ multi-junctions.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.3815-3826
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• 2011

TThis study was undertaken to make trial costumes of ball jointed dolls for promoting the beauty of Korean cultural product with historical research of upper class ladie's costume from late Goryeo to early Joseon, the very unknown period in the Korean costume history. The ladies' costume from late Goryeo to early Joseon are characterized by their full silhouette, fusion with clothings of Yuan and Ming, revival of early Goryeo styles, well-developed weaving skill of ramie, a showy costume from Buddhist civilization. After investigation of researcher with literature, painting, and relics in 13-14C, 8 clothing items were outsourced totally. Items were formed as a set concept, but consumer can choose each costume as an single item and can make varied mix also. Dart, small ties, and thick fabrics were used in doll costumes partly because ball jointed doll's body has different characteristics from that of human beings. Developing research of manufacturing company's system for ready-made product remains to be considered in the future.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1122-1127
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• 2019

In this study, the bio-impedance of the human body is able to obtain a lot of information by monitoring the pathological and physiological conditions of clinical and biological tissues. The four electrode method system for biometrics measured the potential difference between two electrodes and the other two electrodes were used as electrodes for current flow. The newly developed dry gold electrode measured impedance from 1 Hz to 50 kHz and produced reproducible results. To verify the impedance measurement of the dry electrode, the pitting was performed using an equivalent circuit model of the bioelectrode skin, and the effectiveness was demonstrated through modeling. Fixed electrode types have a constant position of the electrodes attached during the measurement, so that a stable measurement can be obtained, thereby minimizing the error.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.30-38
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• 2009

1. Objectives: According to Sasang Constitutional Medicine, human beings are classified into four constitutions. Furthermore, medication and food should be taken differently based on the constitution because Sasang Constitutional Medicine is a field where all living things are perceived from a relative viewpoint instead of a standardized one. If so, what about the animals and its meat? This paper aims to identify the characteristics of the mics consumed, sonsially targeting pork and chicken as they are some of the most frequently enjoyed ones with the perception of the animals by the Sasang Constitutional Medicine. 2. Methods: We examine the differences between pigs and chickens through the behavior and nature of them such as morphology, sound, body temperature, taste etc and support the observed differences with medical application. 3. Results: From the Sasang Constitutional Medicine's perceptive, pig is considered as Soeumche while chicken is belongs to Soyangche. Thus, pork is recommended for the SY type while chicken is preferable for the SE type. 4. Conclusions: In this paper, we are trying to suggest several categories for the evaluation of the constitution in animal, especially for pig and chicken. We hope that this is one of the framework for the understanding the animal with Sasang Constitutional Medicine's viewpoint. And also, it may useful to apply the basis what we have outlined in this paper for improving the method of raising livestock as well as the research of laboratory animals.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.1704-1708
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• 2008

Many studies have emphasized the importance of resistive exercise to maintain a healthy human body, particular in prevention of weakening of physical strength. Recently, some studies advocated that an application of vibration as a supplementary means in a regular training was effective in encouraging physical strength. Aim of the current study was, therefore, to identify if an application of vibration in a resistive exercise was effective in encouraging physical strength as that in a regular training. A 3-dimensional virtual lower extremity model for a healthy male and virtual leg-press model were generated and synchronized. Dynamic leg-press exercises on a slide machine with/without extra load and on a footboard with vibration as well as on a slide machine with extra load were analyzed. The results of the current indicated that the application of the vibration on the dynamic leg-press exercise might be not greatly effective in encouraging physical strength, compared with the dynamic leg press exercise with extra load. It was, however, thought that the application of the vibration might be helpful to elderly individuals because the reduced maximum muscle strength appeared by the effect of the vibration may avoid a muscular spasm, which can be driven from a high muscle strength sometimes produced during the leg-press exercise with extra load.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.281-288
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: Generally, ammonia occurs from agricultural waste disposal. Ammonia is known as a harmful substance to the human body and has a bad influence such as eutrophication on the ecosystem. It is possible to remove the ammonia by ammonia adsorption method using natural zeolite, without external influence. However, due to the natural zeolite shape, it is hard to reuse. METHODS AND RESULTS: Electrospinning method can produce fiber with constant diameter. Moreover, electrospinning method has no limitation for selecting the material to make the fiber, and thus, it is valuable to reform the surface of adsorbent. In this study, reusable membrane was made by electrospinning method. The highest removal efficiency was shown from the membrane with 20% of zeolite included, and it has been verified that it is possible to reuse the membrane through chemical treatment. The highest ammonia removal efficiency was about 92.4%. CONCLUSION: In this study, ammonia adsorption characteristics of zeolite fibers were studied. Electrospinning method can produce zeolite fiber with even distribution. Ammonia can be removed efficiently from ion exchange ability of the natural zeolite. The result of adsorption isotherm indicated that both Freundlich model and Langmuir model provided the best fit for equilibrium data. And study on desorption has demonstrated that the ion exchange from zeolite was reversible when 0.01 M NaCl and KCl solution were used.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.44-51
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• 2022

Background: Air pollution is increasing together with industrialization and urbanization. In order to reduce air pollution, public transportation is recommended rather than private cars, and the number of passengers using public transportation is increasing accordingly. This study observes the concentration of indoor pollutants in city buses over time. Through this means, we intend to suggest a plan to manage the indoor air quality in city buses. Objectives: The concentration of indoor pollution in public transportation was investigated from April 2021 to January 2022. Based on this, we evaluated the exposure to indoor pollutants. Methods: Six city bus lines in an industrial city were selected for the research, and indoor pollution was measured through IoT (Internet of Things)-based sensor-type measuring devices. The concentration of pollutants was measured every minute, and statistical data were constructed based on the measurement results. Results: In all the city buses studied, the average concentration of pollutants were below the guidelines. However, some measurement results showed cases of exceeding the guidelines. As a result of the analysis by time zone, there were more cases in which pollutants exceeded the standard value during rush hour compared to at other times. A risk assessment for PM₁₀ was performed by evaluating the excess mortality risk from exposure and the risk from inhalation exposure. Conclusions: All measured indoor pollutants in the city buses did not exceed the guidelines. Also, the risk assessment results were found to be within the level of safety. However, if a city bus is used for a long time, there is a possibility that there may be an impact on the human body due to inhalation exposure, so additional management is required.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.50-65
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• 2024

By analyzing the style of creator avatars in the world of Metaverse, which is emerging as a fourth-generation social media platform, this study aims to identify the meta-fashion tastes of Generation Z (Gen Z) creators (born in the late 2010s and early 2020s) and to analyze the extent to which current trends in the fashion market are influencing meta-fashion. The research method uses a case study to compare meta-fashion and current fashion trends. First, five Gen Z fashion creators on ZEPETO were selected to analyze the meta-fashion styles presented by this group. In the end, a total of 100 fashion styles were analyzed by combining 50 items each from the current meta-fashion and real fashion trends. The fashion styles were found to be hip-hop, easy-casual, punk, lovely feminine, and sexy, and the main fashion items were analyzed as jeans, hip-hop style pants, sneakers, tight crop tops, dresses, tattoos, chain accessories, and dyeing. Meta-fashion is the emergence of items similar in shape to those popular in the current fashion market, but are more exaggerated or show off the human body than actual fashion items.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.962-969
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• 2002

This study examined the effect of calcium supplementation and exercise on bone mineral density (BMD) and general characteristics, dietary intake and biochemical measurements for 45 healthy middle-aged women (40-57 years). Subjects were divided in to 4 groups; control group (G1), exercise group (G2), calcium supplementation group (G3), and calcium supplementation with exercise group (G4). The subjects were 45.8$\pm$ 0.66 years old. BMI(kg/$m^2$) was 23.31 $\pm$ 0.63 in Gl group, 22.92 $\pm$ 0.51 in G2 group, 23.64 $\pm$ 0.61 in G3 group, 23.40 $\pm$ 0.37 in G4 group, and BMI of all groups were in normal value. Energy intake was 1332.28㎉/day, 60% of RDA, so that may be unbalance of micronutrients. Especially, calcium intake was 62.8% of RDA that was very low level. Osteocalcine was not statistically significant but calcium supplementation group (G3) be showed increase. BMD was usually decreased by Aging, but in this study was increased in the all group, except control group. It showed increase of BMD for calcium supplementation and/or exercise. Overall results indicate that calcium supplementation and/or exercise increased BMD of middle-aged women, but long-term calcium supplementation and exercise will be able to more effect.(Korean J Nutrition 35(9) : 962~969, 2002)

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.9-20
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• 2009

The naturalized plants in the Gwangyang Steel Works were listed 70 taxa; 18 families, 51 genus, 66 species, 3 varieties and 1 form. by field survey. The naturalized plants divided into pattern by survey of annual plants ratio is 31 taxa (44.3%) by life form spectrum and perennials is 23 taxa (32.9%), biennials is 13 taxa (18.5%), two trees (Robinia pseudoacacia, Alianthus altissima) and one shrub (Amorpha furticosa) were founded. According to analysis results form place of origin, Europe covered 26 taxa (37.1%), North America covered 23 taxa (32.8%). Naturalized degree 3 plants, as common but not abundant, founded as 24 taxa (35.0%) were hold most highly ratio, naturalized degree 1 plants founded as 3 taxa (4.0%) were hold lowest. Introduction period 1 covered 31 taxa (44.3%) have had highest score and period 2 covered 11 taxa (15.7%) have had lowest scores. In addition, the urbanization index based on 271 taxa was 25.8% and 2 taxa (Solanum carolinense, Ambrosia artemisiaefolia) is growing in the Gwangyang Steel Works by ecosystem disturbing wild plants. Meanwhile, Ambrosia artemisiaefolia have confirmed into several tens~hundred in the Gwangyang Steel Works were damage the human body of plants develop an allergy to pollen. Solanium carolinense have composed several large communities about $10m{\times}10m$ ($100m^2$) and hold a dominant position, so management plan of the sequel of monitoring them might be required.