• 한국항해학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.21-53
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• 1989

In the past twenty years, there has been a rapid increase in the volume of traffic in Korea due to the Korean great growth of the Korean economy. Since transformation provides an infrastructure vital to economic growth, it becomes more and more an integral part of the Korea economy. The importance of coastal shipping stands out in particular, not only because of the expansion limit on the road network, but also because of saturation in the capacity of rail transportation. In spite of this increase and its importance, coastal shipping is falling behind partly because it is givenless emphasis than ocean-going shipping and other inland transportation systems and partly because of overcompetition due to excessive ship tonnage. Therefore, estimating and planning optimum ship tonnage is the first take to develop Korean coastal shipping. This paper aims to estimate the optimum coastal ship tonnage by computer simulation and finally to draw up plans for the ship tonnage balance according to supply and demand. The estimation of the optimum ship tonnage is peformed by the method of Origin -Destimation and time series analysis. The result are as follows : (1) The optimum ship tonnage in 1987 was 358, 680 DWT, which is 54% of the current ship tonnage (481 ships, 662, 664DWT) that is equal to the optimum ship tonnage in 1998. this overcapacity result is in excessive competition and financial difficulties in Korea coastal shipping. (2) The excessive ship tonnage can be broken down into ship types as follows : oil carrier 250, 926 DWT(350%), cement carrier 9, 977 DWT(119%), iron material/machinery carrier 25, 665 DWT(117%), general cargo carrier 17, 416DWT(112%). (3) the current total ship crew of 5, 079 is more than the verified optimally efficient figure of 3, 808 by 1271. (4) From the viewpoint of management strategy, it is necessary that excessive ship tonnage be reduced and uneconomic outdated vessels be broken up. And its found that the diversion into economically efficient fleets is urgently required in order to meet increasing annual rate in the amounts of cargo(23, 877DWT). (5) The plans for the ship tonnage balance according to supply and demand are as follows 1) The establishment of a legislative system for the arrangement of ship tonnage. This would involve; (a) The announcement of an optimum tonnage which guides the licensing of cargo vessels and ship tonnage supply. (b) The establishment of an organization that substantially arrangement tonnage in Korea coastal shipping. 2) The announcement of an optimum ship tonnage both per year and short-term that guides current tonnage supply plans. 3) The settlement of elastic tariffs resulting in the protect6ion of coastal shipping's share from other tonnage supply plans. 4) The settlement of elastic tariffs resulting in the protection of coastal shipping's share from other transportation systems. 4) Restriction of ocean-going vessels from participating in coastal shipping routes. 5) Business rationalization of coastal shipping company which reduces uneconomic outdated vessels and boosts the national economy. If we are to achieve these ends, the followings are prerequisites; I) Because many non-licensed vessels are actually operating and threatening the safe voyage of the others in Korea coastal routes, it is necessary that those ind of vessels be controlled and punished by the authorities. II) The supply of ship tonnage in Korean coastal routes should be predently monitored because most of the coastal vessels are to small to be diverted into ocean-going routes in case of excessive supply. III) Every ship type which is engaged in coastal shipping should be specialized according to the characteristics of its routes as soon possible.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.91-103
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to pave the way for the development of oral health promotion programs for children from the low-income class. The subjects in this study were 322 children from the city of Incheon. Some of them visited local childcare centers, and the others attended six different adjacent elementary schools. Their awareness of oral health, oral health behavior and preventive-treatment experience were investigated in May 2005, and whether there were any characteristics in their visit of dental institutions was checked. Besides, whether their parents advised them to brush their teeth before turning in was examined. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. 22.0 percent of the children investigated were visiting local childcare centers, and 78.0 percent weren't. The guardians of the former group largely received high-school(50.7%) and middle-school or lower education(22.5%), and those of the latter group mostly received high-school(41.0%) and college- or higher education(35.5%)(pE0.001). The common monthly mean house-hold income of the former was one million won or less(54.9%) or ranged from 1.01 to 2.00 million won(19.7%), and the most prevalent monthly mean household income of the latter was between 2.01 and 3.50 million won(28.7%). The second most dominant monthly mean household income of the latter ranged from 1.01 to 2.00 million won(28.3%), and the third most common one was 3.50 million won or more(12.0%)(pE0.001). 2. The most prevalent daily toothbrushing frequency among the local childcare center visitors was twice(39.4%), followed by three times(19.7%). The third largest group of the visitors brushed their teeth after each meal(19.7%). The most dominant daily toothbrushing frequency among the non-users of local child care centers was twice(54.2%), followed by three times(29.1%)(pE0.01). As to the way of toothbrushing, 58.2 percent of the visitors and 74.9 percent of the non-visitors brushed their teeth by turning their toothbrush or up and down(pF0.05). 62.0 percent of the former and 74.9 percent of the latter always brushed their teeth before turning in, and whether they visited local childcare centers made a significant difference to that(pE0.05). 3. 69.7 percent of the non-visitors were always advised by their parents to do toothbrushing before turning in, and the visitors who were given the same advice all the time numbered 29.6 percent(pE0.001). 4. 56.4 percent of the visitors and 72.1 percent of the non-visitors had ever visited dental institutions over the past year. Dental hospitals and clinics were identified as the dental institutions that they visited the most, and they mostly received dental-caries treatment or had a tooth out there. 49.3 percent of the visitors and 35.1 percent of the non-visitors had ever had a toothache. 5. Sealant was experienced by 42.3 percent of the visitors and 46.2 percent of the non-visitors to prevent dental caries(pF0.05). 33.8 percent of the visitors underwent fluoride application, and that rate was higher than that of the non-visitors with the same experience that stood at 22.7 percent(pE0.05). The visitors mainly acquired knowledge on oral health through other channels that weren't specified in the questionnaire(28.2%), and the non-visitors did it mostly at dental clinics(39.0%)(pE0.001).

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.659-674
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• 1998

This Study was to investigate elaborated research themes and direction through specifying the problems of clinical practice education and looking for the direction of improvement. It was in the basis of the viewpoint of the educators that professors and therapists who were the subjects of this study. Perform this study, the 15 colleges' professors and the 55 hospitals' therapists was made up questionnaire, and the data was analysing by Chi-square test and percentage. The results were as follow : ${\cdot}$ In a personal history among the general qualities, professors have little clinical practice history(l-5 years, 53.3%), and therapists have little lecture career(1-5 years, 43.6%, have no 49.0%), ${\cdot}$ The 78.6% subjects were unsatisfied of clinical practice systems. ${\cdot}$ The correlation between clinical history, school career and lecture career and the satisfaction level of clinical practice systems has no(P<.005), ${\cdot}$ The subjects were agreed to that clinical practice curriculum should be changed(67.1%), reinforced(82.9%), and specified(90.0%). ${\cdot}$ The clinical practice credits are 11 points averagely. ${\cdot}$ In the clinical practice curriculum, it made no difference in the practicum of diseases, modality, and the therapeutic techniques between professors and therapists. ${\cdot}$ The 100% professors said that the practicum of the patients' assessment is necessary, and the 63.6% therapists were training for that. ${\cdot}$ The 66.7% professors said that the practicum of the clinical psychology is necessary, and only the 20.0% therapists were training for that. ${\cdot}$ The 93.3% professors said that the practicum of the patients' management is necessary, and the 50.9% therapists were training for that. ${\cdot}$ The 66.7% professors said that the practicum of the medical ethics is necessary, and the 34.5% therapists were training for that. ${\cdot}$ The 46.7% professors said that the practicum of the hospital administration is necessary, but the 54.5% therapists have not training. ${\cdot}$ The 33.3% professors said that the practicum of the pharmacology is necessary, but the 81.8% therapists have not training. ${\cdot}$ The 86.7% professors said that the practicum of the patient's education is necessary, and the 43.6% therapists have training. ${\cdot}$ The 66.7% professors said that the practicum of the prosthesis and brace is necessary, but the 14.5% therapists have not training. ${\cdot}$ The 60.0% professors said that the practicum of the exercise prescription is necessary, but the 25.5% therapists have not training. ${\cdot}$ The 53.5% professors said that the practicum of the emergency treatment is necessary, but the 52.7% therapists have not training. ${\cdot}$ Drawing up the plan about the curriculum of clinical practice, the professors (46.7%) were agreed to national master plan framing by an expert advisor, but the therapists (58.2%) said that the plan that make the most of hospitals' characteristics should be specified. ${\cdot}$ It was found that a clinical special therapists(54.5%) was good as a person in charge of clinical practice education, in that each therapist's own good time (34.5%) was. ${\cdot}$ It made use of the form framing by college(40.0%) as the clinical practice textbook, the form framing by hospital (42.9%) and each therapist(22.9%) as the plan, and the form framing by college (74.3%) as the measurement. ${\cdot}$ The most difficult point in clinical practice education was the lacks of the theory-praciticum linkage(78.2%). ${\cdot}$ It was found that the period of clinical practice was in the second semester-third grade (40.0%) and the desirable period was in the first semester-third grade(50.0%). ${\cdot}$ Professors (53.3%) were agreed that the desirable clinical practice duration was from four months to six months(60.0%), and the therapists (60.0%) were agreed that from one month to three months. ${\cdot}$ This study presented the lacks of rearing the experts, the lacks of cultural education, and the lacks of the theory-clinical practice linkage. There were need to develop the systematic programs, clinical practice textbooks, the measurements and the special hospital for clinical practice. And it was need to reduce the gab between of the hospitals for clinical practice, to cut down the costs. and to improve the labour conditions of leaders. In view of this findings, it takes notice of that both professor and therapist were dissatisfied at the present clinical practice systems. These results point out the problems of clinical practice systems, and do not make expect to us the successive and positive clinical practice. The general, specific and intensive plan about the problems and the direction of improvement that establishing the level of hospital for clinical practice and physiotherapy can be elaborated.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.77-100
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• 2009

Information Systems (IS) is an essential tool for any organizations. The last decade has seen an increasing body of knowledge on IS usage. Yet, IS often fails because of its misuse or non-use. In general, decisions regarding the selection of a system, which involve the evaluation of many IS vendors and an enormous initial investment, are made not through the consensus of employees but through the top-down decision making by top managers. In situations where the selected system does not satisfy the needs of the employees, the forced use of the selected IS will only result in their resistance to it. Many organizations have been either integrating dispersed legacy systems such as archipelago or adopting a new ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system to enhance employee efficiency. This study examines user resistance prior to the adoption of the selected IS or ERP system. As such, this study identifies the importance of managing organizational resistance that may appear in the pre-adoption context of an integrated IS or ERP system, explores key factors influencing user resistance, and investigates how prior experience with other integrated IS or ERP systems may change the relationship between the affecting factors and user resistance. This study focuses on organizational members' resistance and the affecting factors in the pre-adoption context of an integrated IS or ERP system rather than in the context of an ERP adoption itself or ERP post-adoption. Based on prior literature, this study proposes a research model that considers six key variables, including perceived benefit, system complexity, fitness with existing tasks, attitude toward change, the psychological reactance trait, and perceived IT competence. They are considered as independent variables affecting user resistance toward an integrated IS or ERP system. This study also introduces the concept of prior experience (i.e., whether a user has prior experience with an integrated IS or ERP system) as a moderating variable to examine the impact of perceived benefit and attitude toward change in user resistance. As such, we propose eight hypotheses with respect to the model. For the empirical validation of the hypotheses, we developed relevant instruments for each research variable based on prior literature and surveyed 95 professional researchers and the administrative staff of the Korea Photonics Technology Institute (KOPTI). We examined the organizational characteristics of KOPTI, the reasons behind their adoption of an ERP system, process changes caused by the introduction of the system, and employees' resistance/attitude toward the system at the time of the introduction. The results of the multiple regression analysis suggest that, among the six variables, perceived benefit, complexity, attitude toward change, and the psychological reactance trait significantly influence user resistance. These results further suggest that top management should manage the psychological states of their employees in order to minimize their resistance to the forced IS, even in the new system pre-adoption context. In addition, the moderating variable-prior experience was found to change the strength of the relationship between attitude toward change and system resistance. That is, the effect of attitude toward change in user resistance was significantly stronger in those with prior experience than those with no prior experience. This result implies that those with prior experience should be identified and provided with some type of attitude training or change management programs to minimize their resistance to the adoption of a system. This study contributes to the IS field by providing practical implications for IS practitioners. This study identifies system resistance stimuli of users, focusing on the pre-adoption context in a forced ERP system environment. We have empirically validated the proposed research model by examining several significant factors affecting user resistance against the adoption of an ERP system. In particular, we find a clear and significant role of the moderating variable, prior ERP usage experience, in the relationship between the affecting factors and user resistance. The results of the study suggest the importance of appropriately managing the factors that affect user resistance in organizations that plan to introduce a new ERP system or integrate legacy systems. Moreover, this study offers to practitioners several specific strategies (in particular, the categorization of users by their prior usage experience) for alleviating the resistant behaviors of users in the process of the ERP adoption before a system becomes available to them. Despite the valuable contributions of this study, there are also some limitations which will be discussed in this paper to make the study more complete and consistent.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.63-87
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to analyze the kinematic variables when Uchi-mata(inner thigh reaping throw) performing by Kumi-kata(engagement position, basic hold) types A, B(A: grasping part-behind neck lapel, B: chest lapel) in Judo with three dimensional analysis technique DLT method by videography. The subjects were four male judokas who have been training in Yong-In University(YIU), on Korean Representative level and Uchi-mata is their tokui-nage(favorite technique), the throwing form was filmed on two S-VHS 16mm video camera( 30frame/sec. Panasonic). Kinematic variables were temporal, posture, and COG. The data collection was performing by Uchi-mata. Six good trials were collected for each condition (type A, B) among over 10 trials. The mean values and the standard deviation for each variable were obtained and used as basic factors for examining characteristics of Uchi-mata by Kumi-kata types. The results of this analysis were as follows : 1) Temporal variables The total time elapsed(TE) by Uchi-mata of types A, B were 1.45, 1.56 sec. respectively. Types A shorter than B. 2) Posture variables In performing of Uchi-mata, the range of flexion in type A, left elbow was $45^{\circ}$ and B was $89^{\circ}$ from Event 2(E2) to Event 6(E6). Type A and B were quite different in right elbow angle in Event1(E1). Left shoulder angle of type A was extended and type B was flexed in E4. Both types right shoulder angles were showed similar pattern. Also both hip angles(right/left) were showed similar pattern. When type A performed Uchi-mata the knee-angle of supporting foot showed $142^{\circ}$in the 1st stage of kake phase[KP], and extended to $147^{\circ}$in the 2nd stage of KP. And the foot-ankle angle of supporting foot showed $83^{\circ}$in the 1st stage of KP, and extended to $86^{\circ}$in the 2nd stage of KP. moreover, The knee angle of attacking foot showed $126^{\circ}$in the 1st stage of KP, and extended to $132^{\circ}$in the 2nd stage of KP, and the foot-ankle angle of attacking foot showed $106^{\circ}$in the 1st stage of KP, and extended to $121^{\circ}$in the 2nd stage of KP. When type B performed Uchi-mata the knee-angle of supporting foot showed $144^{\circ}$in the 1st stage of KP, and extended to $154^{\circ}$in the 2nd stage of KP. And the foot-ankle angle of supporting foot showed $83^{\circ}$in the 1st stage of KP, and extended to $92^{\circ}$in the 2nd stage of KP. moreover, The knee angle of attacking foot showed $132^{\circ}$in the 1st stage of KP, and extended to $140^{\circ}$in the 2nd stage of KP, and the foot-ankle angle of attacking foot showed $103^{\circ}$in the 1st stage of KP, and extended to $115^{\circ}$in the 2nd stage of KP. During Uchi-mata performing, type A showed pulling pattern and type B showed lift-pulling pattern. As Kumi-kata types, it were different to upper body(elbow, shoulder angle), but mostly similar to lower body(hip, knee, ankle angle) on both types. 3) C. O. G. variables When the subjects performed Uchi-mata, COG of type A, B up and down in vertical aspect was 71cm, 73.8cm in height from the foot in the 2nd stage of KP. As Kumi-kata types, it were different on medial-lateral direction aspect but weren't different in Kuzushi phase on vertical direction aspect.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.37-48
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• 2019

양양 죽도의 지형 형성과 경관안내판, 경관해설판에 드러난 의문에서 시작된 본 연구는 죽도 경관의 올바른 인식과 경관자원탐색의 일환으로, 문헌연구와 현장조사 그리고 관련자 인터뷰 등을 통해 죽도 자연경관의 특성을 정리하는 한편, 전래 문화경관에 대한 지명 고찰과 경물 비정(批正)을 추구하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 요약하면 다음과 같다. 양양 죽도는 푸른 대나무가 가득했기 때문에 이름 붙여진 섬으로, 최소 14세기 전반 이전부터 18세기 중반 이전까지 주변에는 바다와 죽도를 관망하기 위한 관란정이 존재했다. 원래 섬이었던 죽도가 모래의 퇴식작용에 의해 육계도로 연륙화된 시기는 대략 19세기 후반 이후로 추정된다. 죽도에는 오랜 시간 풍화로 형성된 다채로운 풍화지형과 해안지형 그리고 구조지형이 발견된다. 그중 풍화혈의 일종인 타포니와 나마 지형경관은 죽도에 전래되는 전설과 시문의 핵심적 이야기와 관련된 경관요체이다. 죽도에는 총 7개소의 바위글씨가 존재하는데 해안에서 발견되는 방선암, 농구암, 청허대, 연사대 등은 신선 풍류와 은자(隱者) 모티브를 바탕으로 한 경물로 보인다. '정씨세적(鄭氏世蹟)'이란 바위글씨를 통해 볼 때 죽도의 주된 경관 향유자는 18C 중반의 초계정씨(草溪鄭氏) 가문이었음을 유추할 수 있다. 관찬지리지나 시문으로 볼 때 죽도는 '죽도선구(竹島仙臼)', '죽도 돌구유', 또는 '신선절구' 등을 주요 모티브로 한 선교적(仙敎的) 색채가 짙게 전승됐다. 이 '신선의 돌절구'라 알려져 온 경물은 형태나 크기 그리고 기능으로 유추해 볼 때 나마 지형의 선녀탕이 아닌 별도 공간에 형성된 포트홀인 것으로 확증된다. 따라서 근대 명명된 선녀탕은 흥미 본의의 터무니없는 '이름붙이기'의 산물로 보인다. 현재의 경관 안내와 해설 내용은 죽도의 장소성과 부합되지 않을 뿐 아니라 전승되어 온 문화경관과 일치되지 않는다. 향후 경관안내판과 해설판 등 관련 경관정보는 양양 죽도의 경관정체성을 제고하기 위해 신선 관련 스토리 및 모티브를 적극 부각시킬 수 있는 방향으로 개선되어야 할 것이다.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.209-217
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• 2007

목적: mdr1유전자를 표적으로 한 short hairpin RNA (shMDR)는 다약재내성을 나타내는 암세포에서 효과적으로 mdr1 유전자의 발현을 억제 할 수 있고 sodium iodide symporter (NIS)는 유전자 치료와 리포터로의 기능을 동시에 나타낼 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 사람 대장암세포(HCT15)에 shMDR과 NIS를 동시에 이입하고 Tc-99m sestamibi와 I-125 섭취를 측정하였고 doxorubicin과 I-131 치료효과도 관찰하였다. 대상 및 방법: 사람 태아 신장 세포주(Human Embryonic Kidney cells; HEK293)에 liposome 시약으로 shMDR을 이입하고 RT-PCR과 western blot으로 분석하였다. shMDR와 NIS 유전자가 발현하는 adenovirus를 만들고 HCT15 세포에 이입 후 48시간에 shMDR에 의한 Pgp의 기능 억제를 확인하기위해 Tc-99m sestamibi 섭취와 doxorubicin 세포독성을 측정하였다. 또한 NIS유전자의 기능을 확인 하기위해 I-125 섭취와 I-131 세포독성도 확인하였다. 결과: shMDR이 이입 된 HEK293 세포에서 mdr1의 mRNA와 Pgp의 발현이 각각 75%, 80% 감소하였다. NIS 유전자가 발현하는 adenovirus를 HCT15 세포에 이입하고 NIS 유전자 발현을 확인 한 결과 대조군에 비해 월등히 높게 발현하였다. Ad-shMDR 300 MOI, Ad-shMDR 300 MOI 와 Ad-NIS 10 MOI를 처리한 경우 Tc-99m sestamibi의 섭취가 대조군보다 1.5배 정도 증가하였다. HCT15 세포에 Ad-NIS 10 MOI를 감염시킨 경우 I-125 섭취가 대조군에 비해 25배 이상 증가였다. 또한 Ad-shMDR와 Ad-NIS를 동시 감염 시켰을 경우 doxorubicin의 세포 독성이 증가하여 나타났고 Ad-NIS 20 MOI를 감염시켰을 때 I-131에 의한 세포독성이 대조군보다 증가하였다. 결론: 세포에 shMDR의 이입으로 mdr1 유전자의 발현이 억제되고 Tc-99m sestamibi의 섭취와 doxorubicin의 세포독성이 증가하였으며 NIS 유전자의 이입으로 I-125의 섭취와 I-131의 세포독성이 증가하였다. 다약제내성세포에 shMDR와 NIS 유전자의 동시 이입은 doxorubicin과 방사성 옥소의 이중치료 효과를 높일 수 있을 것으로 본다.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.113-145
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• 2008

점점 치열해지는 유통업의 경쟁환경 속에서 유통업의 마케팅 효율성 제고를 위해 유통업 IMC 기획모델에 대한 연구와 이 모델의 전략적 활용에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 유통업 IMC 기획모델은 선행연구를 통해 IMC 목표수립, 상황분석(고객분석, 경쟁분석, 자사분석), 고객 데이터분석, 접촉관리, 예산수립, IMC 전략개발, IMC 믹스와 IMC 실행, 평가시스템, 피드백 단계로 구분하여 설정하였다. 유통업 IMC 기획모델의 전략적 활용을 위해서 연구모형을 설정하여 IMC 활동(광고, 판촉, DM, PR, 인적판매, 인터넷, 모바일, VMD, 구전)과 IMC 태도의 관계, IMC 태도와 브랜드 충성도의 관계, IMC 태도와 재구매 의도의 관계, 브랜드 충성도와 재구매 의도의 관계에 대한 가설 검증을 하였다. 가설 검증 결과 IMC 활동은 인터넷을 제외하고 IMC 태도에 유의한 영향을 미치고 그 유의 수준의 차이를 볼 때 IMC 믹스 전략 전개에 있어 체계적인 접근이 필요한 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 IMC 활동이 향후 유통기업의 마케팅 방향에 대한 주요한 변수임을 알 수 있다. 이는 브랜드 충성도와 재구매 의도 관계가 매우 유의한 결과로 나타난 점과 함께 고려해야 한다. 결론적으로 유통업의 IMC 수단들의 통합적이고 일관된 활동이 브랜드 충성도와 재구매 의도에 미치는 영향력이 매우 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 11호
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• pp.31-44
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• 1970

접목법에 대체할 수 있는 새로운 상묘의 생산방법으로서 삽목재육묘의 육성법에 대하여 연구하였다. 1. 신소를 삽목하면 15 일후부터 발근하기 시작하여 거의 직선적으로 발근양이 증가하며 삽木 40일후에는 발근수 43본, 총근중 5.4g, 총근장 11.19mm에 달한다. 2. 신소삽목의 활착비율은 56~90%의 범위내에 있고 그 평균은 73% 정도이며 품종별로 보면 개량서반, 일지뢰가 80% 정도로 가장 좋고 시평이 가장 못하다. 3. 품종간에 있어서의 발근량은 개량서반, 일지뢰, 수원상4호, 노상은 거의 같은 정도로 많고 용천추우와 시평은 적다. 4. 발근촉진제는 NAA 0.01~0.02%에 2~3초 침지하며 그대로 삽목하는 것이 발근량도 못하지 않고 또 경제적이다. 5. 삽수의 채취량 증가와 경제적인 이용을 위해서는 1) 50cm 정도의 신소를 채취하여 2본씩의 삽수를 채취하고 중간부의 삽수의 기부는 반드시 절치하에서 절단하도록 할 것이며 2) 50cm 미만의 것도 전부 채취하여 이용한다. 가는 삽수나 생장정지아도 발근량은 약간못하나 상당히 발근하므로 이용가치가 있다. 3) 이렇게 하면 10a당 100,000본 이상의 삽수를 채취할 수 있다. 6. 삽수의 하단은 절치하에서 45$^{\circ}$로 사단한 다음 그 뒷면을 삭제하면 그 발근량을 증가시킬 수가 있다. 7. 재육묘를 육성하기 위한 삽목원묘는 10a당 100,000본을 삽목하여도 묘질은 약간 떨어지지만 실용적으로는 원묘로 이용하는데 별 지장이 없을 정도이다. 8. 삽목시기는 7월 중순까지는 그 시기가 늦어지는데 따라서 묘질은 약간 떨어지지만 충분히 이용가치가 있으므로 6월 상순부터 7월 중순까지사이에 수회에 걸쳐서 삽목할 수 있으며 6월하순이후에는 춘벌상수의 신소를 삽수로 이용한다. 9. 재육묘는 원묘의 중량이 10g 이상인 것은 그 성묘비율이 95% 이상이 되고 5~10g의 작은 원묘는 80% 이상의 성묘비율이 되며 그 묘질도 접목묘와 비슷하다. 10. 원묘를 식재할 때에는 그 묘조는 신조의 기부에 3~4아 남기고 절단하도록 한다. 11. 삽목재육묘의 생산비는 접목묘의 52%이다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.27-37
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• 2010

국내 삼보사찰의 하나인 통도사에 전래되는 통도팔경의 형식과 구조 그리고 그 의미를 살펴봄으로서 '통도팔경'의 상징성과 팔경의 포치적 서사구조를 조명하기 위해 시도된 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 통도사 서쪽의 영축산이 갖는 지명의 의미와 독수리 날개깃과 같이 배경에 펼쳐진 영축산의 웅혼한 장관(壯觀) 그리고 다수의 부속암자의 원심적 배치 특성과 위용에서 통도사의 불보세계관이 잘 드러나고 있다. 또한 통도사를 중심으로 한 쌍룡농주형의 형국과 혈처(穴處) 금강계단을 중심으로 형성된 위요경관적 특성에서는 통도사의 중층적 경관전개와 구심적 경관의도가 감지된다. 통도팔경의 경관내용과 구성요소는 소나무, 대(臺), 폭포, 동천(洞天) 그리고 노을 등 물리적 경관 이외에 영지(影池)와 북소리, 종소리 등 불교의식과 관련한 범음구(梵音具)에서 파생되는 청각적 요소를 제시함으로써 중생을 교화 제도하기 위한 소리경관이 강조되고 있다. 팔경의 포치를 살펴볼 때, 통도사 영역을 일깨워주는 국장생석표를 시작으로 물과 다리 그리고 송림숲과 일주문으로 연결되는 유입부에 제1경 '무풍한송'을 배열하고, 대웅전과 금강계단을 중심으로 둘러 펼쳐진 경역의 요처에 안양동대 등에 6개경을 배치하는 한편, 영역 밖 '단조성에서 조망한 낙조'를 북단에 설정함으로써 불교적 상징성을 주요 모티브로 하는 원심적 공간구성을 보여주고 있다. 이는 수미산을 중심으로 구산팔해를 상징화한 만다라 형상의 전개와 일치한다. 더욱이 통도팔경은 사찰 경내의 요처인 주경관 요소를 배제하고 유입성과 원심성을 극대화함으로써 산문의 영역성과 중첩효과를 극대화하고 있음을 엿볼 수 있다. 팔경의 경관해석 결과로 볼 때 통도팔경은 2개경씩 4쌍의 경이 대구(對句)를 이루면서 계절성, 방향성, 공간성 그리고 시간성을 축으로 불교적 교리와 관념을 담으며 사찰 영역에서 바라본 서사적 풍경임이 발견된다. 이와 같은 표제의 성격과 포치구도는 물론 의미내용을 볼 때 통도팔경은 외적으로는 통도사의 사찰 영역성을 보다 강화시킬 위한 장치이자 가시적 표상이며, 내적으로는 시공간적 의미 속에 극락세계로의 지향 염원을 극대화하고 종교적 염원과 만다라의 중층적 성격을 강화하기 이루어진 경관 상징언어로 해석된다.