• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산유체공학회 2011년 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.414-419
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• 2011

Missile am fighter aircraft have been challenged by low restoring nose-down pitching moment at high angle of attach. The consequence of weak nose-down pitching moment can be resulting in a deep stall condition. Especially, the pressure oscillation has a huge effect on noise generation, structure damage, aerodynamic performance and safety, because the flow has strong unsteadiness at high angle of attack. In this paper, the unsteady aerodynamics coefficients were analyzed at high angle of attack up to 60 degrees around two dimensional NACA0012 airfoil. The two dimensional unsteady compressible Navier-Stokes equation with a LES turbulent model was calculated by OHOC (Optimized High-Order Compact) scheme. The flow conditions are Mach number of 0.3 and Reynolds number of $10^5$. The lift, drag, pressure distribution, etc. are analyzed according to the angle of attack. The results at a low angle of attack are compared with other results before a stall condition. From a certain high angle of attack, the strong vortex formed by the leading edge are flowing downstream as like Karman vortex around a circular cylinder. Unsteady velocity field, periodic vortex shedding, the unsteady pressure distribution on the airfoil surface, and the acoustic fields are analyzed. The effects of these unsteady characteristics in the aerodynamic coefficients are analyzed.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.152-167
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• 2005

This study aims to aid hair fashion design for using hair style change by knowing the hair fashion images' characteristics. To accomplish this purpose, posed a questions to capital area university women students from June 3. 2005. to June 23. 2005. The hair fashion images' characteristics are; (1) avant-garde - unique style of every categories, (2) ethnic - korean style of center part, no volume, down chignon, inactivated texture, (3) romantic pretty - girl like cute style of long, wide wave, wide braid, center part or bang, activated texture, using pin or ribon, (4) elegance - graceful style of down point up style having wave, volume and activated texture, (5) sexy - sexual attractive style of long & wide wave or straight with high volume, activated texture(wet feeling hair styles also possible), (6) sophisticate - refined urban style of inactivated textured graduation and layered straight hair, (7) natural - inartificial style of no volume, inactivated long straight and binding hair, (8) sporty - activated style of activated and inactivated textured short hair.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1998년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.145-150
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• 1998

8$\times$8 bit scaled SONOSFET NAND type flash EEPROM that shows better characteristics on cell density and endurance than NOR type have been designed and its electrical characteristics are verified with computer aided simulation. For the simulation, the spice model parameter was extracted from the sealed down SONOSFET that was fabricated by $1.5mutextrm{m}$ topological design rule. To improve the endurance of the device, the EEPROM design to have modified Fowler-Nordheim tunneling through the whole channel area in Write/Erase operation. As a result, it operates Write/Erase operation at low current, and has been proven Its good endurance. The NAND type flash EEPROM, which has upper limit of V$_{th}$, has the upper limit of V$_{th}$ as 4.5V. It is better than that of floating gate as 4V. And a EEPROM using the SONOSFET without scaling (65$\AA$-l65$\AA$-35$\AA$), was also designed and its characteristics have been compared. It has more possibliity of error from the V$_{th}$ upper limit as 4V, and takes more time for Read operation due to low current. As a consequence, it is proven that scaled down SONOSFET is more pertinent than existing floating gate or SONOSFET without scaling for the NAND type flash EEPROM.EPROM.

• International Journal of Railway
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.93-97
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• 2009

The experiments for aerodynamic characteristics of railway acoustic screen are performed using 1/61 scaled-down moving model rig facility which employs an axis symmetry and one wire guidance method. The launching mechanism is an air-gun type. The train model for the experiment is the high speed train (Korea Train Express: KTX) and the tested speed is about 300 km/h. The tested train length is 61 em which is corresponding to two units of KTX train. The cross sectional area and weight of train model are 0.00264 $m^2$ and 287 g, respectively. The Reynolds number based on the model train length is $1.2{\times}10^7$. The strength of pressure wave is measured using piezo typed pressure sensor. The measured pick value of pressure was as high as 365 Pa in the shortest gap between the acoustic screen and model train. The measured pressure is well compared with the field test data of mc 779-1 [2] values. However, the experimental data were slightly lower than the mc 779-1 values. The results show the model test can be used as a substitute for the field test.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.611-619
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• 2016

현대전에서의 전자전은 전쟁에 있어서 승패를 좌우한다. 따라서 적의 미상 레이더에서 방사하는 전자파를 수신하여 신호 처리 후 레이더의 변조방식을 식별하는 일은 전자전에서 중요한 핵심 과제이다. 본 논문에서는 최근 전자전 보호능력이 우수한 Linear Up Sliding PRI, Non-Linear Up Sliding PRI 방식과 Linear Down Sliding PRI, Non-Linear Down Sliding PRI 방식을 자동 식별하는 알고리즘을 TDOA(Time Difference Of Arrival) 개념을 적용하여 개발하였다. 안테나로 입력되는 레이더 펄스마다 각 제원을 산출하고 제원 중에서 펄스반복간격의 PRI값으로부터 시간차의 특성을 산출하여 식별 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 알고리즘을 프로그래밍한 후 표본 PRI데이터 를 입력하여 처리한 결과, 모두 정확히 PRI변조방식을 식별하였다. 개발된 알고리즘은 향후 ES(ESM, ELINT)장비에 적용 가능할 것으로 판단한다.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2010

Cool-down performance after soaking is important because it affects passenger's thermal comfort. The cooling capacity of HVAC system determines initial cool down performance in most cases, the performance is also affected by location, and shape of panel vent, indoor seat arrangement. Therefore, optimal indoor designs are required in developing a new car. In this paper, initial cool down performance is predicted by CFD(computational fluid dynamics) analysis. Experimental time-averaging temperature data are used as inlet boundary condition. For more reliable analysis, real vehicle model and human FE model are used in grid generation procedure. Thermal and aerodynamic characteristics on re-circulation cool vent mode are investigated using CFX 12.0. Thermal comfort represented by PMV(predicted mean vote) is evaluated using acquired numerical data. Temperature and velocity fields show that flow in passenger's compartment after soaking is considerably unstable at the view point of thermodynamics. Volume-averaged temperature is decreased exponentially during overall cool down process. However, temperature monitored at different 16 spots in CFX-Solver shows local variation in head, chest, knee, foot. The cooling speed at the head and chest nearby panel vent are relatively faster than at the knee and foot. Horizontal temperature contour shows asymmetric distribution because of the location of exhaust vent. By evaluating the passenger's thermal comfort, slowest cooling region is found at the driver's seat.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.45-53
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• 2016

패널식 옹벽은 지보재를 통한 선지보 개념으로 프리캐스트 패널과 체결하여 원지반 강도를 최대한 보호하며 보강하는 공법이다. 최근 건설공사에서 대규모 깎기비탈면의 형성에 따른 토공량 증가와 환경 훼손을 최소화하고 용지제한에 따른 토지의 효율적인 이용을 위해 패널식 옹벽의 적용이 증가하고 있는 추세이다. 원지반 부착식 패널옹벽은 자연암반 질감을 갖는 프리캐스트 콘크리트 패널을 사용하여 경관성을 향상시키고 완전한 Top-Down 시공법을 구현하도록 개발된 공법으로 수직절취와 패널의 원지반 직접부착이 가능해 비탈면 이완을 최소화하고 터파기 및 되메우기 공종을 배제하여 시공성을 개선하였다. 본 연구는 현장시험시공을 수행하여 수직절취 및 Top-Down에 대한 시공성을 확인하고, 대형재하시험과 하중단계별 계측결과를 분석하여 원지반 부착식 패널옹벽의 거동특성을 분석하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2004

This study was conducted to develop a new drying method far reducing the drying cost and time and to investigate the drying characteristics of oak mushroom. A far infrared dryer of down draft air flow type used for this experiment can control the drying parameters, such as far infrared heater temperature and aeration velocity. The far infrared drying tests were performed at aeration velocities of 0.3 and 0.6m/s under the temperature of 90 and 100$^{\circ}C$ in for infrared heater, respectively. The results were compared and analyzed with those of an heated air drying method used as a control in terms of properties representing the drying characteristics. such as shrinkage rate, color, energy consumption amino acid components, drying rate and moisture ratio. The results obtained from this research can be summarized as follows. 1. The drying rate of far infrared drying was faster than that of heated air drying. With high temperature of far infrared heater and slow aeration velocity, the far infrared drying of down draft air flow type was superior to the heated air drying. 2. Most of far infrared drying conditions required less energy consumption than heated air drying. 3. The shrinkage rates of heated air drying and far infrared drying were decreased by 17.0% and 18.2∼19.8%, respectively. 4. The difference of color on oak mushroom surface before and after drying can be represented as $\Delta$E. $\Delta$E values of far infrared drying and heated air drying were 2.39∼4.55 and 6.77, respectively. 5. The amounts of free amino acids were higher in the far infrared than in the heated air drying. In addition the amounts of Gln and Glu generally were increased and those of Ala, Leu, and Val were decreased in order.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.489-503
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• 2022

A 1257-m-long irregular deep foundation pit located in the central of Nanjing, China was constructed using the combined full-width and half-width top-down method. Based on the long-term field monitoring data, this study analyzed the evolution characteristics of the vertical movement of the columns, internal force of the struts, and axial force of the structural beam and slab. The relevance of the three mentioned above and their relationship with the excavation process, structural system, and geological conditions were also investigated. The results showed that the column uplift was within the range of 0.08% to 0.22% of the excavation depth, and the embedded depth ratio of the diaphragm wall and the bottom heave affected significantly on the column uplift. The differential settlement between the column and diaphragm wall remained unchanged after the base slab was cast. The final settlement of the diaphragm wall was twice the column uplift. The internal force of the struts did not varied monotonically but was related to numerous factors such as the excavation depth, number of struts, and environmental conditions. Additionally, the dynamic force and deformation of the columns, beams, and slabs were analyzed to investigate the inherent relationship and variation patterns of the responses of different parts of the structure.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.1270-1275
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• 1997

This paper concerns with the finite element analysis of reactor internals with structural faults. For investigating the influence of hold-down spring faults on dynamic characteristics of CSB (core support barrel), reactor internals of Ulchin-1 nuclear power plant are modeled using finite element method and simulated with artificial defects on the hold-down springs. To prove the validity of the finite element models, the calculated natural frequencies of CSB in normal state are compared with those from the measurement results, which shows good agreement. According to results of finite element analysis, CSB beam mode natural frequency decreases by 4.5% in the case of 10% partial relaxation of hold-down springs, and decreases by 18.4% in the case of 20%. The range of shell mode natural frequency change is within 5.3%.