• Journal of Labour Economics
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.39-76
• /
• 2005

This study examines the job changes of the youth university graduates in Korea. The pattern of job changes get observed in the Unemployment Insurance Database. This data enables us tracing all job changes in the labor market. The average number of job youth graduates have for four years from graduate is 1.68. The more jobs youth have, the longer total tenure youth have. Youth are much more likely to change careers to different occupation or industry. They move usually into upper occupations but small establishments. They enhance the level of wage through job changes. The science and engineering graduates are more likely to change jobs than the humanity and social science graduates. The higher the level of wage they get is, the lower the probability of their job change is. Those who have good scores in Scholastic Aptitude Test are less likely to change job.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.29
• /
• pp.279-300
• /
• 2011

Countries recognize seriousness and concern about aviation terrorism, try to stamp out of it but aviation terrorism has been increasing in the world. Airport security is completely up to the result of security screening for passengers, check-in baggages and cargo at the check point. To complete effectively human and physical screening at the airport, it is essential to secure modernized screening equipment and specialized security screener, and airport security supervisor to supervising them. In this study, A survey conducted to find out the effect on screening equipment operating factors of airport security supervisor's individual attitude. The results of the study are as follow First, the duty view of airport security supervisor meaningfully affect expertise of screening equipment operating factors, satisfaction, reliability, and education and training, national point of view meaningfullly doesn't affect screening equipment operating factors. Second, the working condition effects on the education and training, if the working condition is getting better, intent to change occupation is getting lower. Third, duty stress meaningfully effects on the intent to change occupation, now airport security supervisor works in poor condition. Therefore, airport security supervisor needs to be prude of protecting the airport from the terrorism and various attacks and various kinds of aviation security regulations and procedures and comply with operating standards and keep the life of the country and its people, and needs to change awareness. And It is nessasary for government or airport authority or airline to prepare countermeasure for the improvement of their labor conditions.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.285-298
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze in detail the employment characteristics of the elderly over 65 years old and to compare those that have experienced no job change in the last 10 years with another group that have experienced job change at least once in the last 10 years. From the 10th wave data(KLIP), participants who were over 65 years old were chosen and their employment status for the last 10 years was reviewed. The results of this study were as follows: first, the analysis of demographic profiles indicated that householders and elderly couples with low education levels and low socioeconomic status were more likely to be employed compared to others. Second, in terms of work-related characteristics, it was revealed that the elderly who were employed tended to be non-paid workers, employers, and self-employed workers, primarily in the farming, fishing, forestry, and the mining industries, these were the elderly workers who had experienced job change three times or more in the last 10 years. Third, the analysis of economic characteristics indicated that elderly who were employed tended to rely more on private income transfers. Last, when the elderly who had experienced no job change in the last 10 years were compared to the elderly who had experienced job change in the last 10 years, the two groups differed significantly in terms of employment status, type of business, and occupation category.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.25 no.6
• /
• pp.821-831
• /
• 2009

The study was aimed to assess the expected impact of climate change on the water cycle and soil losses in Daecheong Reservoir watershed, Korea using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) that was validated for the watershed in a previous study. Future climate data including precipitation, temperature and humidity generated by introducing a regional climate model (Mesoscale Model Version 5, MM5) to dynamically downscale global circulation model (European Centre Hamburg Model Version 4, ECHAM4) were used to simulate the hydrological responses and soil erosion processes in the future 100 years (2001~2100) under the Special Report on Emissions Scenario (SRES) A1B. The results indicated that the climate change may increase in the amount of surface runoff and thereby sediment load to the reservoir. Spatially, the impact was relatively more significant in the subbasin Bocheongcheon because of its lower occupation rate of forest land compared to other subbasins. Seasonally, the increase of surface runoff and soil losses was more significant during late summer and fall season when both flood control and turbidity flow control are necessary for the reservoir and downstream. The occurrence of extreme turbidity flow events during these period is more vulnerable to reservoir operation because the suspended solids that remained water column can be resuspended by vertical mixing during winter turnover period. The study results provide useful information for the development of adaptive management strategy for the reservoir to cope with the expected impact of future climate change.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.99-106
• /
• 2017

Clinical data about vocal nodules have seldom been reported, even though vocal nodules are commonly diagnosed in outpatient speech and voice clinic. This study aims to investigate clinical characteristics of the patients who are diagnosed with vocal nodules. This study analyzed the data for 10 years from the 319 patients diagnosed with vocal nodules (45 males and 274 females with the mean age of 39.4 ranging from 2 to 83) in terms of gender, age, occupation, voice change initiation pattern, change with time, throat clearing, smoking history, type of voice abuse, acoustic analysis, maximum phonation time, GRBAS, and VHI. Thirteen patients (4.08%) had unilateral vocal nodule and 306 patients (95.9%) had bilateral vocal nodule, the majority of which had a pattern of asymmetry (73.9%). The glottal closure pattern was hourglass in 72.1% of patients, posterior chink in 17.9% of patients, and irregular in 7.9% of patients. The most common occupational category was professional voice users (43.4%). The voice abuse pattern included excessive talking in 96 patients (76.8%), loud voice in 78 (62.4%) patients, and excessive singing in 17 patients (21.6%). The patients showed worse scores in G, B, and S than in R and A for the GRBAS evaluation. The most recommended treatment for vocal nodules was voice therapy. The current clinical data will be helpful for treatment planning for the patients of vocal nodule.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.226-234
• /
• 2004

Purpose: This study was to examine health status, reproductive health problems and the degree of prenatal management in working women. Method: The subjects were 902 married working women among 2,000 women selected by cluster sampling. The work area was classified to product factory, school, office, etc. After an Informed consent was obtained, participants were asked to fill out a self-administered questionnaire. The instruments included a questionnaire, parity check list, menstrual problems and gynecologic problem check list. Result: Many women have experienced menstrual cycle change during the past year. There was a significant difference in general health, menstrual regularity, reproductive health and prenatal management by occupation type. 40.6 percent of the subjects have gynecological problems such as menstrual cycle change, perineal inflammation, irregular vaginal bleeding, amenorrhea, ovarian/uterine disease, infertility, or abortion. Prenatal care was received in only 28.5% of the total subjects. In addition, 16.3% answered they had experienced low birth weight babies. Conclusion: We can conclude that working woman have changes in menstruation cycle and in reproductive health status. Therefore, we suggest that some occupational characteristics may affect subject's reproductive health, these should be clear and avoided as much as possible.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.227-234
• /
• 2024

We investigated the change in land-use alteration in a 45 km × 45 km area around the Upo wetlands in 1920s(before the Japanese occupation period), 1950s(immediately Korean independence) and the period 1970s to 2000s. These data can guide in understanding surface environmental changes in the lower Nakdong River from the early 20^th century to the present. The influence of the long-term decreasing trend of the wetland area at the Upo Swamp was evaluated using a high-resolution local circulation model. The cooling effect of the wetlands on surface air during the daytime in summer(e.g, early August) was approximately 2℃ greater in the 1920s than in the 2000s, which is attributed to wider water areas in the 1920s. Additionally, long-term changes in land use have caused changes in the convergence zone of local circulation wind.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.157-170
• /
• 2008

Purpose: This prospective study was conducted to reveal the haematological index change by low level radiation exposure in radiological environment our hospital workers. Materials and Method: We gathered the cumulative dose by Thermoluminenscent Dosimeters (TLD) over 9-yr period and examined hematological index counts change (RBC, Hb, Platelet, WBC, Monocyte, Lymphocyte, Neutrophilic, Basophilic, Eosinophilic) both occupational workers and controls. Of a total 370 occupational workers and 335 controls were compared. Results: This analysis has led to the following general observations 1) The average cumulative dose in male and female were $9.65{\pm}15.2\;mSv$, $4.82{\pm}5.55\;mSv$ respectively. 2) In both male and female, there were very low relationship between occupation period and cumulative dose (r< ${\pm}0.25$). 3) Occupation period was more increased, in male, WBC counts decreased and increased workers, RBC counts decreased workers were more than controls group (p<0.05). In female, WBC counts decreased and increased workers and W-eosino counts decreased workers were more than controls group (p<0.01). 4) Cumulative dose was more increased, in male, W-Lympho counts decreased workers and Platelet counts deceased workers were more than controls group (p<0.05). In female, W-lympho counts decreased workers and RBC counts decreased workers were more than controls group (p<0.05). Conclusions: We can find some kinds of blood index abnormal distribution in occupational radiation workers by comparing with controls. Occupational workers cannot avoid radiation exposure, in spite of the control it. Actually low level radiation adverse effect occurred not dose but probability. So workers must always try to reduce exposure by ourselves, furthermore as long as possible the government should provide rapidly that national system on radiation control for worker's health.

• Journal of architectural history
• /
• v.14 no.4 s.44
• /
• pp.137-155
• /
• 2005

This study was started with its consideration as materials showing original shapes of temple buildings in the late period of Chosun the photographs and drawings which contained in $\ulcorner$A Survey Report of Korean Architecture$\lrcorner$ made by Sekino Tadashi through his survey for 62 days(July 5${sim}$Sep. 4, 1902). Results of the study can be summarized as follows. During the period of Japanese occupation, Beomesa temple experienced frequent changes in building layout including the transfer and removal of buildings. Such frequent change began in spring, 1936 when a Buddhist monk of Beomeosa temple, Cha Woon Ho moved Gwaneumjeon, originally located to the light of the main building, to the left of the building and, on its original site, built up a 7-storied sarira tower. Though it is difficult to say that the study provides everything about Beomeosa temple, the researcher expects that the study would be the very basis on which changes in the building layout of the temple since the late period of Chosun can be researched. In conclusion, the researcher hopes that the above mentioned restoration plan would help originally restore or enlarge temples, further transmitting such restored or enlarged establishments as valuable cultural remains from generation to generation. In this respect, the researcher expects such restoration plan to be made in continuous and more detailed ways.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 1996

Rapid change in the technological environment of marine transportation and the development of the ocean shipping industry have fostered a revolution in the port system. This in turn has caused major changes in the function and use of port in Korea. Aside from this, Mokpo Port, however continues to decline, because the existing port facilities and related subsystem are already obsolete with no chance of regaining operational effectiveness and treatment for proper implementation. Although a few studies have been done on the Mokpo Port, has not been found, any reseach for the analytical approach to the transportation system of it. This paper aims to make an extensive analysis of the physical distribution system in Mokpo Port focusing on the coordination of subsystems such as navigational aids system. The base of introduced simulation tool here is the queueing theory. The overall findings are as follows: 1. Among those vessels called at Mokpo Port in 1994, 556 ships(2,736,669 G/T) are oceangoing while 8155 ships(2,587,217 G/T) are domestic. The average size of oceangoing vessels is 4,922,1 G/T, and the domestic is 317,8 G/T. The average arrival interval and service time of the domestic vessels are 6.0 hours and 24.1 hours respectively marking the berth occupation rate over 100%. Those for oceangoing vessels are 34.5 hours, 120.0 hours and 37.2%. In order to maintainin the berth occupation rate to 70% the capacity considering the 1994 of domestic piers must be extended to 145% and oceangoing vessels must be increased to 165%. 2. The capacity of approaching channel is enough to handle the total traffic volume of 3. Tugs are sufficiently being provided to handle all ships requiring their services 4. The capacity of storage and inland transportation systems are sufficient to handle the throughput and the yard stroage utilization rate of No.1 - No.5 is 4.5% and No.6 is 30% of 1993's. 5. The utilization rate of LLC(Level Looping Crane) and PNT(PNeumaTic) are 2.7% and 18.8%, respectively.