• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.37
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• pp.35-59
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• 2008

In most products liability cases, the only or principal defendant is the manufacturer that designed, manufactured, and marketed the product which injured the plaintiff. In this regards, most national laws and international convention stipulates the definition of the producer. But there is no rule about the definition of the producer in China. Yet parties in the product distribution chain other than ordinary manufacturers, notably retail seller, often profit from moving products from factories to consumers and so may bear some responsibility when product hazards injure consumers. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the definition of the "producer", "seller" who is responsible for products liability claims in China. This paper will contributes to help the Korean exporters, manufacturers to build up the proper countermeasures regarding products liability in China.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.129-140
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• 2006

Quantity Flexibility contract coordinates individually motivated supplier and buyer to the systemwide optimal outcome by effectively allocating the costs of market demand uncertainty. The main feature of the contract is to couple the buyer's commitment to purchase no less than a certain percentage below the forecast with the supplier's guarantee to deliver up to a certain percentage above. In this paper we refine the previous models by adding some realistic features including the upper and lower limits of the purchase. We also incorporate purchase and canceling costs in a cost function to reflect the real world contracting process more accurately. To obtain the solution of the model, we derive a condition for extreme points using the Leibniz's rule and construct an algorithm for finding the optimal solution of the model. Several examples illustrating the algorithm show that the approach is valid and efficient.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.13-26
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• 2000

The scheduling rule for the fabrication process of the semiconductor manufacturing is suggested and tested on the simulation system which was developed based on the model to represent the main characteristics of wafer flows. The proper scheduling policies are necessary to meet the order change in the supply chain management. It was shown that the suggested rules which consider the wafer balance and the due date of the order, give good performances for the cycle time reduction and the rate of meeting due date as well. Also they are robust in the sense that performances are stable regardless of the order change rate and the input policies.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.115-120
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• 2002

Today's environment of enterprise is changing. They have to face customer' demands with the right product, the right service and supply them at the right time. And also cut down logistics and inventory cost and bring up the profit as much as they can. This means the change of putting enterprise first in importance to putting customer first importance. therefore to correspond to customer's demand, shorting lead time is becoming a essential condition. The answer to this changes of environment is supply chain management. In this paper, It consolidates the necessity on a LTV(Life Time Value) and analyzes data which is concerned of Customer Value. Under the these environments, defines the LTV(Life Time Value) rule that can improve the customer value.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.243-248
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• 2013

Reliability evaluation is important task in embedded system. It can avoid potential failures and manage the vulnerable components of embedded system effectively. Dynamic fault tree analysis is one of the reliability evaluation methods. It can represent dynamic characteristics of a system such as fault & error recovery, sequence-dependent failures. In this paper, the steering system, which is embedded system in vehicles, is represented using dynamic fault tree. We evaluate the steering system using approximation algorithm based on Simpson's rule. A set of simulation results shows that proposed method overcomes the low accuracy of classic approximation method without requiring no excessive calculation time of the Markov chain method.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.131-140
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• 2002

Today's environment of enterprise is changing, They have to face customer' demands with the right product, the right service and supply them at the right time. And also cut down logistics and inventory cost and bring up the profit as much as they can. This means the change of putting enterprise first in importance to putting customer first importance. therefore to correspond to customer's demand, shorting lead time is becoming a essential condition. The answer to this changes of environment is supply chain management. In this paper, It consolidates the necessity on a LTV(Life Time Value) and analyzes data which is concerned of Customer Value. Under the these environments, defines the LTV(Life Time Value) rule that can improve the customer value. We solved this problems using AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) for consistency at relationship matrix, AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) is based on Saaty's consistency rate. If consistency rate is under 0.1 point, preference rate's weights are acceptable. This study develop a program for AHP weights and support Satty's consistency rate.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.7
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• pp.1372-1377
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• 2011

This paper proposes the control method of MPPT(maximum power point tracking) for the wind energy generation system using the duty ratio control of boost type DC-DC converter. For a lower cost and a higher reliability, the wind and the generator velocity sensors are removed. MPPT control is implemented by changing the duty ratio of the boost converter. Chain rule is applied by using each function. The grid side inverter is controlled to regulate unity power factor. The proposed control method was analyzed mathematically and verified by the computer simulation using PSIM.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.354-357
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• 2004

In this paper, a sensitivity analysis technique is presented for performing effective structural optimization of bus system. Design sensitivities are analyzed on natural frequency of bus substructures using super-element. Vibration modes of substructure, which large affect on the global vibration mode of bus B.I.W., are found through the sensitivity analysis using the chain rule. And design variables, which are determined from the sensitivity analysis, are changed through optimum design.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.149-154
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• 2004

The design sensitivity analysis of Zwicker's loudness with respect to structural sizing design variables is developed. The loudness sensitivity in the critical band is composed of two equations, the derivative of main specific loudness with respect to 1/3-oct band level and global acoustic design sensitivities. The main specific loudness is calculated by using FEM, BEM tools. i.e. MSC/NASTRAN and SYSNOISE. And global acoustic sensitivity is calculated by combining acoustic and structural sensitivity using the chain rule. Structural sensitivity is obtained by using semi-analytical method and acoustic sensitivity is implemented numerically using the boundary element method. For sensitivity calculation, sensitivity analyzer of loudness (SOLO), in-house program is developed. A 1/4 scale car cavity model is optimized to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.763-766
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• 2011

Timely management is an important activity in long running transactions. This can be seen in many Supply Chain scenarios where insufficient time management could lead to expensive compensations. Therefore, effective strategy for timely management in long running transactions is needed. In this paper, we propose our solution to detect and avoid violating deadline based on a comparison strategy of predicted complete time and required deadline. Three approaches are used. Firstly, we build Open Nested Transaction Model (ONTM) where deadline of top-level transactions are managed through a flexible time adjustment of lower level transactions. Secondly, workflow is introduced to WSTransaction framework which supports the algorithm to predict complete time and spot delaying activities. Thirdly, a rule-based coordinator is developed to decide the confirmation or cancelation of participants' ongoing activities. We also discuss a workflow example for implementation.