• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.115-118
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• 2008

Salmonella typhi is frequent causes of foodborne illness and its detection is important for monitoring disease progression. In this study, by using general PCR and novel LAMP (Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification) assay, we evaluated the usefulness of LAMP assay for detection of Salmonella typhi. In this LAMP assay, forward inner primer (FIP) and back inner primer (BIP) was specially designed for recognizing target invA gene. Target DNA was amplified and visualized as ladder-like pattern of bands on agarose gel within 60 min under isothermal conditions at $65^{\circ}C$. When the sensitivity and reproducibility of LAMP were compared to general PCR, there was no difference of reproducibility but sensitivity of LAMP assay was more efficient than PCR (the detection limit of LAMP assay was 30 fg, while the PCR assay was 3 pg). These results indicate that the LAMP assay is a potential and valuable means for detection of Salmonella typhi, especially for its rapidity, simplicity and low cost.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2014

Processable conducting polyaniline derivative with free amine functional groups was successfully synthesized from the monomer o-phenylenediamine in aqueous hydrochloric acid medium using ammonium persulfate as an oxidative initiator. The synthesized poly(o-phenylenediamine) (PoPD) in critical condition was found to be completely soluble in common organic solvents like dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethyl formamide etc. From the intrinsic viscosity measurement, the optimum condition for the polymerization was established. The polymer was characterized by ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy ($^1HNMR$) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses. The weight average molecular weights of the synthesized polymers were determined by the dynamic light scattering (DLS) method. From the spectroscopic analysis the structure was found to resemble that of polyaniline derivative with free amine functional groups attached to ortho/meta position in the phenyl ring. However, very little ladder unit was also present with in the polymer chain. The moderate thermal stability of the synthesized polymer could be found from the TGA analysis. The average DC conductivity of $2.8{\times}10^{-4}S/cm$ was observed for the synthesized polymer pellet after doping with hydrochloric acid.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제32권3_4호
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• pp.343-357
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• 2014

In many non-life insurance applications past data are given in a form known as the run-off triangle. Smoothing such data using parametric crisp regression models has long served as the basis of estimating future claim amounts and the reserves set aside to protect the insurer from future losses. In this article a fuzzy counterpart of the Hoerl curve, a well-known claim reserving regression model, is proposed to analyze the past claim data and to determine the reserves. The fuzzy Hoerl curve is more flexible and general than the one considered in the previous fuzzy literature in that it includes a categorical variable with multiple explanatory variables, which requires the development of the fuzzy analysis of covariance, or fuzzy ANCOVA. Using an actual insurance run-off claim data we show that the suggested fuzzy Hoerl curve based on the fuzzy ANCOVA gives reasonable claim reserves without stringent assumptions needed for the traditional regression approach in claim reserving.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.414-427
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• 2011

본 연구는 컷오프 수준에 따라 활성화 셀(cell) 수와 래더(ladder) 수 등의 통계량의 변화를 살펴보고, 컷오프 수준의 변화에 따른 가치 맵이 어떻게 변화하는지를 제시하며, 주어진 조건(100명의 응답자에게 최대 5개의 중요한 속성을 선택하도록 하여 가치사슬을 만든 후 이를 이용하여 가치 맵을 그렸을 경우)하에서 정보손실을 최소화하면서 설명력이 있는 최적의 컷오프 수준 결정과 이에 따른 가치 맵을 표현하고자 한다.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제5호
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• pp.309-325
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• 2002

It was because mankind could use the fire that we have been civilized. creating a brilliant culture and developing an industrial society. While fire is very useful to our life, the number of the victims of fire continues to increase, This study suggests the ways to rescue the people safely when they are subject to a fire in a high-rise building. To this end, the concept of fire is reviewed. Fire breaks out when the conditions for congestion are met, and therefore. if any of the conditions can be blocked, the fire will be extinguished. In other words. the knowledge of such conditions will greatly help the fire fighters to rescue the people, and so. such conditions for congestion as flammable, heat, oxygen and chain reaction are examined. In addition, the effects of such by-products of fire as heat and smoke on human body are reviewed. In order to rescue the people more safely, the fire fighters are requested to review the situation and design a rescue strategy before being engaged in a full-scale rescue activity. This study discusses various rescue methods using such passages or equipments as stair case, double ladder, special fire fighting vehicle, elevator, jumar, rope, helicopter, etc. In conclusion. since it is more difficult to rescue the people from a high-rise building than from the ground, it is essential to design a rescue program not after fire but before it and thereby, minimize the number of victims.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2012

Present study investigates on the impact of resources and characteristics of the tenure choice for divorced women in Korea. The authors utilize the micro data from the Korea Census (2% sample) provided by the National Statistical Office. The authors apply the bivariate probit model to eliminate selection bias that could incur due to sample selectivity, from a chain of marital disruption and tenure choices. This study starts with a descriptive explanation of homeownership after divorce from 1985 to 2005. It concluded that divorce results in a substantial attrition of homeownership. The authors found that out for many women, divorce initiates a process of downward mobility on the housing ladder. The probability to own housing is much lower for divorced women than for women who are not divorced. The present study concludes by suggesting some policy implications for divorced women who have limited access to housing stability. The authors also suggest some future studies that can compensate the empirical limitations of the present study.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.141-158
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• 2016

The objective of this study is to examine the type and characteristics of hat, and also to analyze the formative characteristics of hats shown in $Pr{\hat{e}}t-{\grave{a}}$-porter Collection. The literature review focused on the relevant technical books and preceding researches while the case study targeted 1,561 photos of hats shown in the 'Donga TV Collection'. The research range was from the S/S season of 2012 to the F/W season of 2015/16. The results of this study are as follows. 1. A hat is composed of crown and brim. In the results of classifying hats based on it, there were 572 crown-type hats, 533 hat-type, 219 cap-type, 156 irregular-type, and 81 brim-type in the order. 2. For the crown-type hats, they were mainly like cylindrical-type, bell-type, dome-type, and circle-type, using colors like black, beige, brown, red, mustard, and grey, and materials like wool, fur, velvet, straw, and metal while they were decorated with bead or lace. 3. For the hat-type hats, they were mainly like bell-type, ladder-type, and hemisphere-type, using colors like peach, white, gold, brown, and khaki, and materials like silk, cotton, straw, and wool while they were decorated with feather and ribbon. 4. For the cap-type hats, they were mainly like hemisphere-type, using colors like white, black, khaki, mustard, and purple, and materials like fur, leather, and wool while they were decorated with wappen and chain. 5. For the irregular-type hats, they were mainly like sandglass-type, box-type, animal-type, trumpet-type, and bell-type, using colors like purple, orange, pink, yellow, and sky-blue, and materials like metal, feather, mesh, plastic, straw, and linen while they were decorated with ribbon, net, bell, and flower. 6. For the brim-type visor, they were mainly like square-type, using colors like transparent, yellow, and black, and materials like plastic, cotton, leather, and metal.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.599-607
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• 2017

Most normal cells express L-type amino acid transporter 2 (LAT2). However, L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is highly expressed in many tumor cells and presumed to support their increased growth and proliferation. This study examined the effects of JPH203, a selective LAT1 inhibitor, on cell growth and its mechanism for cell death in Saos2 human osteosarcoma cells. FOB human osteoblastic cells and Saos2 cells expressed LAT1 and LAT2 together with their associating protein 4F2 heavy chain, but the expression of LAT2 in the Saos2 cells was especially weak. JPH203 and BCH, a non-selective L-type amino acid transporter inhibitor, potently inhibited L-leucine uptake in Saos2 cells. As expected, the intrinsic ability of JPH203 to inhibit L-leucine uptake was far more efficient than that of BCH in Saos2 cells. Likewise, JPH203 and BCH inhibited Saos2 cell growth with JPH203 being superior to BCH in this regard. Furthermore, JPH203 increased apoptosis rates and formed DNA ladder in Saos2 cells. Moreover, JPH203 activated the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic signaling pathway by upregulating pro-apoptotic factors, such as Bad, Bax, and Bak, and the active form of caspase-9, and downregulating anti-apoptotic factors, such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. These results suggest that the inhibition of LAT1 activity via JPH203, which may act as a potential novel anti-cancer agent, leads to apoptosis mediated by the mitochondria-dependent intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway by inducing the intracellular depletion of neutral amino acids essential for cell growth in Saos2 human osteosarcoma cells.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.404-416
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• 2017

Objective : Functional and neural tissue recovery has been reported in many animal studies conducted with stem cells. However, the combined effect of cytokines and stem cells has not yet been adequately researched. Here, we analyzed the additive effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) on adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) infusion in the treatment of acute spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Methods : Four days after intrathecal infusion tubes implantation in Sprague-Dawley rats, SCI was induced with an infinite horizon impactor. In the Sham group (n=5), phosphate-buffered saline was injected 3, 7, and 14 days after SCI. GCSF, ADSCs, and ADSCs with GCSF were injected at the same time in the GCSF (n=8), ADSC (n=8), and ADSC+GCSF groups (n=7), respectively. Results : The ADSC and ADSC+GCSF groups, but not the GCSF group, showed significantly higher Basso-Beattie-Bresnahan scores than the Sham group during 8 weeks (p<0.01), but no significant difference between the ADSC and ADSC+GCSF groups. In the ladder rung test, all four groups were significantly different from each other, with the ADSC+GCSF group showing the best improvement (p<0.01). On immunofluorescent staining (GAP43, MAP2), western blotting (GAP43), and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (GAP43, nerve growth factor), the ADSC and ADSC+GCSF groups showed higher levels than the Sham and GCSF groups. Conclusion : Our analyses suggest that the combination of GCSF and ADSCs infusions in acute SCI in the rat does not have a significant additive effect. Hence, when combination agents for SCI stem cell therapy are considered, molecules other than GCSF, or modifications to the methodology, should be investigated.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2013

본 연구는 8주간의 사다리를 이용한 점진적 저항성 운동과 더불어 오디분말, 오디추출물, 누에분말의 섭취가 흰쥐의 골격근에서 androgen receptor(AR) mRNA와 myogenic regulatory factors(MRFs)의 발현에 효과가 있는지 확인하고자 하였다. 6주령의 Rat 50두를 분양받아 일주일간 순화기간을 거친 후 군간 체중을 고르게 분리하고 시료 투여 및 저항성 운동 여부에 따라 대조군, 운동군, 오디분말 운동군, 오디추출물 운동군, 누에분말 운동군으로 설정하였다. 시료 투여집단은 고형사료에 각각의 시료가 배합된 사료를 자유롭게 섭취하도록 하였다. 저항성 운동 방법은 1주일간 주당 3일, 1일 5회씩 부하 없이 맨몸 사다리 운동을 거친 후 7주간 주당 2일, 1일 10회씩 점진적인 과부하 하에서 실시하였다. 8주간 저항성 운동이 끝난 후 오른쪽 뒷다리에서 장무지굴근을 적출한 후 RNA 추출 및 cDNA를 합성하여 $-20^{\circ}C$에 보관 후 실험에 사용하였다. AR mRNA와 MRFs를 특이적으로 검출하도록 디자인된 시발체와 탐색자를 구입하여 housekeeping 유전자인 18s rRNA와 함께 Real Time PCR을 이용하여 증폭하였다. 18s rRNA를 이용하여 흰쥐의 장무지굴근에서 AR mRNA와 MRFs를 $2^{-{\Delta}{\Delta}Ct}$법을 통해 상대정량하여 골격근 내 발현 정도를 배수변화로 비교하였다. 실험 결과 사다리 운동과 시료 섭취는 흰쥐 골격근에서 AR mRNA의 발현을 유의하게 증가시키는 것으로 나타났다. 대조군과 비교하여 모든 저항성 운동 집단에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였으며 운동군에서 $4.04{\pm}1.12$, 오디분말 운동군에서 $5.23{\pm}0.56$, 오디추출물 운동군에서 $6.24{\pm}1.85$, 누에분말 운동군에서 $9.68{\pm}0.82$배를 나타내었다. 운동군과 비교하여 오디추출물 운동군과 누에분말 운동군에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈으며 오디분말 운동군의 경우 운동군과 비교하여 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았지만 대조군과 비교하여 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. MyoD mRNA의 경우 대조군과 비교하여 운동군에서 $2.19{\pm}0.27$, 오디분말 운동군에서 $6.04{\pm}0.48$, 오디추출물 운동군에서 $4.32{\pm}1.59$, 누에분말 운동군에서 $8.11{\pm}0.57$배를 나타내었다. 운동군과 비교하여 모든 시료 섭취 집단에서 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. Myogenin mRNA의 경우 대조군과 비교하여 운동군에서 $2.70{\pm}0.57$, 오디분말 운동군에서 $4.11{\pm}0.42$, 오디추출물 운동군에서 $4.13{\pm}0.45$, 누에분말 운동군에서 $6.50{\pm}0.61$배를 나타내었다. 대조군과 비교하여 모든 저항성 운동군에서 유의한 차이를 나타냈으며 운동군과 비교하여 모든 시료 섭취 집단에서 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 본 실험을 통해 오디와 누에의 섭취는 저항성 운동에 따른 수컷 흰쥐의 골격근에서 근육 관련 유전자인 AR mRNA와 MRFs의 발현에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며 추후 근육 증가를 목적으로 한 운동보조제 개발을 위한 기초 자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.