• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2014

충치는 사람의 구강질환 중 가장 흔한 질환으로 Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans)균이 초기 충치를 형성하는데 매우 중요한 역할을 담당한다. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis)는 대표적인 구취 유발균으로 구취 형성에 중요한 휘발성 황화합물을 생성하는데 관여한다. 치주질환은 치은결체조직과 치조골의 파괴를 유발하여 치아의 상실을 초래할 수 있는 만성 염증성 질환으로 Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia)가 원인균이다. 이번 연구에서는 cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), sodium fluoride (NaF), 녹차 추출액, 솔잎 추출액을 유효성분으로 하는 마우스워시 제품을 사용하여 S. mutans 균을 포함, 구강질환 균으로 널리 알려진 P. gingivalis, P. intermedia 대해 항균 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 그 결과 시험군의 경우 S. mutans, P. gingivalis 에 대해 30 s 내에 4.00 Log, 4.68 Log의 사멸력을 확인하였고, P. intermedia의 경우 30 s 2.40 Log, 60 s 2.70 Log 사멸력을 확인하였다. 또한 Dentocult SM Strip mutans (SM Strip) 염색방법을 적용하여 S. mutans 균의 감소여부를 시각적 자료로 쉽게 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 결과를 통해 CPC, NaF, 녹차 추출액, 솔잎 추출액을 포함한 마우스워시 제품은 구강균 사멸을 통해 충치 및 구취와 같은 구강질환 예방에 효과가 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.744-750
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• 2009

토양에서 분리한 세포외 다당류 생산균주 PS-12는 형태학적, 생리학적, 화학적 분석에 의하여 Bacillus sp.에 속하는 균주로 동정되었으며, 분리균주 PS-12는 Bacillus sp. PS-12로 명명하였다. Bacillus sp. PS-127가 생산하는 세포외 다당류는 에탄올 침전, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) 침전과 gel permeation chromatography를 이용하여 정제하였으며, 정제된 다당류 PS-12의 당조성은 glucose, mannose, galactose와 fucose가 7:3.2:2:1의 몰비로 구성되어있었다. Bacillus sp. PS-12로부터 분리된 다당류 PS-12를 이용하여 면역증강효과를 확인하였다. TNF-${\alpha}$ 및 lL-6 측정은 RAW264.7 대식세포주를 사용하였으며 cytokine 정량을 위하여 ELISA kit를 이용하였다. RAW264.7 세포주에 대한 PS-12의 세포독성을 확인하기 위하여 세포독성이 10% 미만을 나타내는 농도인 2 ${\mu}g$/ml을 PS-12의 최대농도로 측정하였다. PS-12는 ${\mu}g$/ml에서 TNF-${\alpha}$를 정상세포보다 50배 이상 높은 수치로 생산하였다. 또한 lL-6의 생산을 농도 의존적으로 증가시켰다. 이러한 결과로부터 PS-127가 면역세포에 대해 세포독성을 거의 나타내지 않는 농도에서 대식세포로부터 TNF-${\alpha}$와 11-6의 cytokine 생산을 함으로써 면역증강효과를 나타낸다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.132-136
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• 2007

E. coli에서 Pseudoalteromonas elyakovii 유래의 alginate lyase유전자(aly)를 발현시킬 때, 대부분의 단백질이 불용성 내포체 형태로 발현됨을 확인하였다. Alginate lyase를 가용성 활성형으로 생산하기 위해 aly와 DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE 또는 aly와 GroEL/ES을 공발현하는 형질전환체를 얻었다. 공발현 결과, 단백질의 올바른 접힘을 도와주는 DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE chaperone이 가용성 및 활성형의 alginate lyase 생산에 매우 효과적임을 알 수 있었다. DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE chaperone의 발현에 유도제인 L-arabinose 최적 농도는 0.05 mg/ml이었으며, 이러한 공발현에 의해 약 34%의 alginate lyase가 가용성 분획에서 생산되었다. 또한 10%의 cetylpyridinium chloride를 첨가함으로써, 공발현 콜로니 주위에 투명환이 형성됨을 확인할 수 있었고, 이는 활성형 alginate lyase 효소에 의해 alginate가 분해되었음을 시사하였다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.11-27
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effects of Dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, Allantoin, Hinokitiol, Cetylpyridinium chloride containing gel($Dentheth^{(R)}$) on periodontitis. 41 patients with sites having pocket depth of 4-6mm were selected for the study. We classified 2 groups which consisted of 21 patients in the test group(exp.) and 20 patients in the control(placebo) respectively. Following a baseline examination, plaque and calculus were removed and then the experimental gel were handed out to the patients and topical application regimens were initiated. During the 4-week experimental period, pocket depth, bleeding on probing, gingival index, plaque index as a clinical parameters were measured in the baseline, 2 weeks, 4 weeks respectively. A questionnaire was delivered to each patients in 2 weeks, 4 weeks respectively. The results were as follows : 1. Probing pocket depth showed a significant difference in the Exp. group compared with the control group in the changes from baseline to 2 weeks(p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the groups in the changes from baseline to 4 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks(p<0.05). 2. The Exp. group showed a significant difference compared with the control group in the changes from baseline to 2 weeks, from baseline to 4 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks in bleeding on probing(p<0.05). 3. The gingival index showed a significant difference compared with the control group in the changes from baseline to 2 weeks, from baseline to 4 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks after 4 weeks use of a gel(p<0.05). 4. The plaque index showed a significant difference in the Exp. group compared with the control group in the changes from baseline to 2 weeks(p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the groups in the changes from baseline to 4 weeks, from 2 weeks to 4 weeks(p<0.05). 5. A questionnaire was consisted of 5 kinds as to bleeding, pus discharge, pain, burning sensation, patient's satisfaction and all of the questions showed a significant difference compared with the control group in the changes from 2 weeks to 4 weeks(p<0.05). 6. During the 4-week experimental period, important side-effects were not finded out, but each groups had one patient appealed nausea or discomfort respectively. These results indicate that application of periodontitis medical gel was useful as an additional aid of mechanical treatment.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.376-381
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• 1988

Rhodotorula glutinis IFO 0559에 의한 transcinnamic acid와 암모니아로부터 L-Phenylalanine 생산의 최적 조건을 검토하였다. L-phenylalanine 생산은 반응액으로 200mM transcinnamic acid, 4M $NH_4OH$, 250mM$(NH_4)_2SO_4$, 0.005% cetylpyridiniurn chloride (pH 10.5), 50mg/m1건조균체를 사용하였을 때 최대 생산량을 나타내었다. 비수용성 유기용매중에서 petroleum ether가 가장 효과적인 유기용매이였으며 반응액에 50% 첨가시 가장 효과가 좋았다. 최적 반응조건하에서 12시간 반응후 L-phenylalanine이 21.19생성되었으며, 이때의 trans-cinnamic acid의 전환율은 63.9%이었다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.353-363
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the intestinal and nasal absorption enhancement of cefotaxime (CTX) by ion-pairing with counterions and to design an effective oral and intranasal drug delivery system for antibiotics. Counterions for absorption promotion were cationic surfactants [cetylpyridinium chloride (CP), cetrimide (CT) and benzalkonium chloride (BA)]. In the presence of counterions, the apparent partition coefficient of cefotaxime was increased depending on the molar concentration of the counterions. Anion interference was observed for ion-pairing of cefotaxime with counterions because of the counterbalance between an anion and counterions. The present study employed the in situ simultaneous nasal and intestinal perfusion technique in rats. The apparent permeabilities $(P_{app})$ of cefotaxime were $1.43{\pm}0.04{\times}10^{-5}\;cm/sec(mean{\pm}S.E)$ in the nasal cavity and 0 in the jejunum, respectively, which indicated that the intrinsic absorptivity of cefotaxime was greater in the nasal cavity than in the jejunum. When ionupairing formers were used, the decreasing order of apparent cefotaxime permeability $(P_{app},\;10^{-5}\;cm/sec)$, corrected for surface area of absorption, was as followings: $BA\;(7.50{\pm}0.36)\;>\;CT\;(4.92{\pm}0.24)\;>\;CP\;(3.01{\pm}0.17)$ in the jejunum and $BA\;(22.31{\pm}1.36)\;>\;CP\;(18.24{\pm}0.81)\;>\;CT \;(16.22{\pm}1.87)$ in the nasal cavity. The increase in permeability of cefotaxime was about 13-fold in the rat nasal cavity and was marked in the rat jejunum for ion-pairing with counterions as compared to those without ion-pairing. The damages of jejunal and nasal mucosal membrane by counterions were observed within approximately 2hrs after removal of ion-pair of cefotaxime with counterions from the nasal cavity and jejunum. These results suggest that CP can be used as an ion-pairing former in the jejunum and CP and CT can be used as ion-pairing formers in the nasal cavity for cefotaxime, as well as for poorly absorbed drugs with a negative charge due to ionization.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.518-524
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• 1995

해양으로부터 polysaccharide를 생산하는 세균을 분리하여 동정한 결과 Zoogloea sp.(KCCM 10036) 로 밝혀졌으며, 이 해양유래 Zoogloea sp.는 셔로 다 른 두종류의 다당류인 수용성다당류(WSP)와 세포 결합다당류(CBP)를 통시에 생산하여 지금까지 보 고된 관련 미생물과는 다른 특이성을 보였다. 이들 중 WSP는 원심분리 시킨 배양액의 상등액으로부터 acetone 침전법에 의해 분리하였고, CBP는 침전물 로부터 acetone 빛 cetylpyridinium chloride 처 리 에 의 해 분리하였다. WSP와 CBP는 모두 단백 질을 함유하였으나, 이 중 CBP가 보다 높은 단백질 함유 율을 나타내었다. WSP를 다량 생산하기 위한 최척 탄소원은 fructose였고, CBP의 경우는 glucose였 다. Polysaccharide 생산촉진인자로 biotin, ampicillin, 그리고 surf actant를 각각 배지에 첨가하였을 경우, 각각의 농도가 $0.2mg/\ell, 0.4mg/\ell,0.6mg/\ell,$에서 생산량이 가장 높은 값을 보였다. 1%의 glucose를 탄소원으로 하여 fermentor 배양하였을 때, $9.1g/\ell$ 의 WSP와 $2.5g/\ell$ 의 CBP가 생산되었다.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제20권A호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2000

Highly viscous biopolymer from alkali-tolerant Bacillus sp. was purified and its solution properties were investigated. The intrinsic viscosities for crude biopolymer and biopolymers purified by dialysis or CPC(cetylpyridinium chloride) treatment were 58.24, 73.60 and 42.18 dL/g, respectively. The intrinsic viscosity of biopolymer showed the maximum value at the neutral pH but it was decreased remarkably at the alkaline or acidic pH. Biopolymer exhibited the property of polyelectrolyte, showing the sharp decrease of intrinsic viscosity by the addition of NaCl. Intrinsic viscosity of dilute solution at the low NaCl concentration was exponentially dependent on temperature and its temperature dependency was increased with NaCl concentrations. The chain stiffness, coil overlap parameter, and critical concentration were 0.09, 5.25 and 0.07g/dL, respectively. Temperature dependency on intrinsic viscosity of biopolymer solution was different each other at $45^{\circ}C$. Flow activation energies at temperatures above $45^{\circ}C$ were constant, while those at temperatures below $45^{\circ}C$ increased with increase of added NaCl concentration.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2003

In this research, experimental studies were performed to examine the rheological behavior of equimolar solutions of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPyCl) and sodium salicylate (NaSal) solutions with concentration. The surfactant solutions were prepared by dissolving 2 mM/2 mM - 80 mM/80 mM of surfactant/counterion in double-distilled water. It has been observed that the zero shear viscosity shows abrupt changes at two critical values of C^*$ and C^{**}$. These changes are caused by the switching of relaxation mechanism with concentration of CPyCl/NaSal solutions at those concentrations. The wall slip velocities of dilute and semidilute CPyCl/NaSal solutions show a dramatic increase with shear rate where the shear viscosity exhibits shear thickening behavior for dilute solutions and shear thinning behavior for semi-dilute solutions, respectively. Considering that the dramatic increase in wall slip velocity should be related to the formation of shear-induced structure (SIS) in the surfactant solution, the shear thickening behavior of semi-dilute solutions is caused by elastic instability unlike the case of dilute solutions.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2002

Bacillus sp. A56 was studied, because of its high flocculating activity. The flocculating substance produced by this strain was purified by ethanol precipitation, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) precipitation, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The FT-IR spectrum of the purified bioflocculant, designated as BF-56, showed typical characteristics of polysaccharides. The non-sugar substituents, and sugar components of BF-56 containing glucose, fucose, glucuronic acid, and galactose in an approximate molar ratio of 2.76:1.10:1:0.12, suggested that it was a novel bioflocculant with an estimated molecular mass of over $7{\times}10^3$ kDa. Rheological analysis of BF-56 revealed that it was a pseudoplastic that had higher apparent viscosity rate at dilute concentrations than those of zooglan. The solution of bioflocculant BF-56 exhibited non-Newtonian characteristics and it was compatible to high concentrations of salts such as KCl, NaCl, $CaCl_2,\;or\;FeCl_3.$ The present results suggested strong possibility of bioflocculant BF-56 to be fully applicable to industries such as wastewater treatment.