• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제13권8호
• /
• pp.3961-3965
• /
• 2012

Objective: To compare the clinical effects of concurrent radiochemotherapy with those of radiotherapy in treating locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (Stage III~IVa). Methods: A total of 95 patients suffering from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (Stage III~IVa) were divided into two groups: concurrent radiochemotherapy (Group CCRT, n=49) and radiotherapy (Group RT, n=46). The two groups were both delivered conventional fractionated radiotherapy, while Group CCRT also received three cycles of PF (DDP+5-Fu) or PLF (DDP+5-Fu+CF) chemotherapy. Results: The complete remission rate and total remission rate of Group CCRT were higher than those of Group RT ($X^2$=4.72~7.19, P<0.05). The one-year overall survival (OS) rate calculated by the life table method, was also higher than that of Group RT ($X^2$=4.24, P<0.05) as well as the 3-year OS rate, nasopharyngeal control rate and cervical lymph nodes' control rate ($X^2$=4.28~4.40, P<0.05). In addition, the 5-year OS and metastasis-free rates of Group CCRT were higher than those of Group RT and the differences were of statistical importance ($X^2$=3.96~8.26, P<0.05). However, acute toxicity was also obviously higher, the difference in gastrointestinal reactions being statistically significant ($X^2$=11.70, P<0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that concurrent radiochemotherapy could improve the remission rate, overall survival rate and locally control rate. The toxicity of concurrent radiochemotherapy could be tolerated by the patients.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
• /
• 제41권6호
• /
• pp.299-305
• /
• 2015

Objectives: This article describes our experience with neck dissection in 10 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Between January 2007 and October 2009, 10 patients underwent primary surgery for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity. For patients with $N_0$ disease on clinical exam, selective neck dissection (SND [I-III]) was performed. In patients with palpable cervical metastases (N+), modified radical neck dissections were performed, except in one patient in whom SND (I-III) was performed. The histopathologic reports were reviewed to assess the surgical margins, the presence of extra-capsular spread, perineural invasion, and lymphatic invasion. Results: On histopathologic examination, positive soft tissue margins were found in three patients, and regional lymph node metastases were present in five of the ten patients. Perineural invasion was noted in five patients, and extra nodal spread was found in four patients. Regional recurrence was seen in two patients and loco-regional recurrence plus distant metastasis to the tibia was observed in one patient. During the study period, three patients died. Seven patients remain free of disease to date. Conclusion: Histopathological evaluation provides important and reliable information for disease staging, treatment planning, and prognosis. The philosophy of neck dissection is evolving rapidly with regard to the selectivity with which at-risk lymph node groups are removed. The sample size in the present study is small, thus, caution should be employed when interpreting these results.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.113-119
• /
• 1998

목적 : 자궁경부 선암종은 자궁경부 편평 세포 암종보다 림프절 전이와 국소적인 파급이 빨리 일어나고 5년 생존율이 낮으므로 임상적으로 선암종이 진단되었거나 의심될 경우에는 방바선학적 검사로 종양의 림프절 전이와 국소적인 파급을 세심하게 평가할 필요가 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 자궁경부 선암조의 자기공명영상(MRI) 소견을 분석하려 편평 세포암종과 다른 특징이 있는지 알아보는 데에 있다. 대상 및 방법 : 병리학적으로 확진된 자궁경부 선암종 환자 21명 중 MRI에서 종양이 관찰되는 18명(조직학적 병기 : Ib 10예, IIa 4예, IIb 2예, IIIa 1예, IIIb 1예)을 대상으로 그 MRI 소견을 후향적으로 분석한 후, 최근에 연속적으로 입원하여 편평 세포 암종으로 확진된 40명의 환자로 구성된 대조군과 비교하였다. 1.5T의 MRI기기로 조영 전후의 T1강조 및 급속 스핀 에코 T2 강조 영상을 축상 및 시상면에서 얻었다. MRI에 나타난 종양의 최대직경, 위치, 신호강도 및 조영증강정도, 윤곽, 형태, 상하 침범 범위, 동반 질환 유무 등을 분석하였다. 결과 : 자궁경부 선암종의 최대 직경은 0.8-4.1cm(평균 2.2cm)이었고, 이 종양이 경관내막을 따라 위치한 경우가 9예이었다. 모든 선암종의 신호 강도는 T1 강조 영상에서 주위 자궁경부 간질과 비슷하였고 급속 스핀 에코 T2 강조 영상에서는 높았다(균질성 10, 비균질성 8). 모든 선암종은 gadolinium 정맥 주입시 모두 조영 증강되었다(균질성 6, 비균질성 12 : 높은 신호강도의 고리 2). 선암종의 윤곽이 매끈한 경우가 8예이었고, 불규칙한 경우가 10예이었다. 선암종의 모든 예에서 자궁경부의 하부가 침범되었는데, 이중에서도 상부까지 침범된 경우는 6예이었다. 선암종 2예에서는 MRI상 직경 1.5cm 이상의 골반강 림프절들이 관찰되었고, 1예의 MRI에서는 림프절이 관찰되지 않았는데, 병리 검사상 모두 악성으로 판명되었다. 2예의 선암종에서 자궁 유수증이, 1예에서 자궁 유혈증이 동반되었다. 이상의 소견을 편평 세포 암종의 대조군과 비교하였을 대 선암종에서 경관내막형과 술통형이 더 많은 것이 통계학적으로 유의하였다. 결론 : 자궁경부 선암종은 편평 세포 암종에 비해 경과내막형, 술통형이 많은 MRI 소견을 보였다. MRI에서 자궁경부암의 모양이 경관내막을 따라 술통형이거나 병기가 낮은데도 주위 림프절로 파급되는 경향을 보이면, 자궁경부 선암종을 의심할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한두경부종양학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.54-60
• /
• 1998

Objectives: We'd like to give help in diagnosis and treatment of children's thyoid tumor through our clinical experiences and reference consideration. Materials and Methods: The authors report their experiences with 33 cases of thyroid tumor in patients younger than 16 years of age who were treated at Presbyterian Medical Center from 1979 to 1995. Results: 1) Girls were more predominant than boys by a ratio of 5.6:1. The peak incidence was in the 15 years old of age. 2) The final diagnosis in the 33 patients were thyroid carcinoma in 12 cases, nodular goiter in 6 cases, adenoma in 6 cases, Graves disease in 4 cases, Hasimoto's disease in 4 cases and cyst in 1 case. 3) All of 12 patients with thyroid cancer had nodular tumor. 4) In 5 of 6 patients with palpable cervical lymphadenopathy, the final diagnosis was thyroid carcinoma. 5) Delayed diagnosis arose in 6 of 12 thyroid carcinomas which were treated for long periods as benign disease. 6) The surgical procedures were total thyroidectomy in 3 cases, subtotal thyroidectomy in 13 cases and thyroid lobectomy in 17 cases. 7) 11 of 12 patients with thyroid carcinoma had subtotal or total thyroidectomy with lymphnode dissection and only one had lobectomy. 8) The overall rate of postoperative complication was 3%(1 of 33 patient). 9) Postoperative $^{131}I$ therapy was done in 7 case because of recurrence and distant metastasis in six and severe local invasion in one. 10) In thyroid cancer, the metastatic rate of lymph node at initial surgery was 81%(9/11) and rate of recurrence was 50%(6/12). 11) Patients with thyroid carcinoma were followed up for a mean of 12 years but only one died as a result of thyroid carcinoma 3.5 years later. Conclusion: The authors suggest that thyroid tumors in childhood should receive the benifit of joint management by endocrine pediatrician and experianced surgeons with an agreed protocol of diagnosis and management. We, also, recommend aggressive surgical and $^{131}I$ treatment as the most effective regimen for children with thyroid carcinoma.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.83-91
• /
• 2008

The goal of reconstruction following ablative therapy for intraoral cancer is the restoration of form and function to permit a return to activities of daily life. Traditional reconstruction includes split thickness skin grafts, myocutaneous flaps and, more recently, various free flaps. Free flaps provide higher level of functional recovery relative to that seen with other techniques but require the complexity of the technique and microvascular anastomosis and thus, extended surgical time and occasionally a second team for harvesting. The platysma myocutaneous cervical flap is a possible alternative for intraoral reconstruction. It is thin and pliable like the tissue provided by the radial forearm free flap. It can be harvested with enough tissue to close most head and neck ablative defects. There is virtually no donor site morbidity involved. This study evaluated 7 patients affected by intraoral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). All patients underwent the resection of intraoral SCC with neck dissection and subsequent intraoral reconstruction with the superiorly based platysma myocutaneous cervical flap. Flap-related complications occurred in 3 patients. Adjuvant radiation therapy was performed in 3 patients. Average follow-up was 24.1 months after surgery, with a range of 8 to 42 months. All patients presented self assessment of discomfort associated with intraoral recipient sites and cervical donor sites. However, the neck function measured by two-inclinometer technique was within the normal range during relatively long term follow-up period. Our study concluded that superiorly based platysma myocutaneous cervical flap is good alternative to free flaps, especially for relatively smaller defects and for the defects appropriate for the rotation arc of the flap.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• 제17권8호
• /
• pp.3945-3951
• /
• 2016

Background: Whether concurrent chemotherapy treatment is superior to radiotherapy alone as an adjuvant regimen for postoperative cervical carcinoma with risk factors remains controversial. Materials and Methods: A literature search strategy examined Pubmed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, the China National Knowledge Internet Web, the Chinese Biomedical Database and the Wanfang Database. Article reference lists and scientific meeting abstracts were also screened. Controlled trials comparing concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone in postoperative cervical cancer were included. The methodological quality of non-randomized controlled trials was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Randomized controlled studies were evaluated with the Cochrane handbook. A meta-analysis was performed with RevMan 5.3. Results: A total of 1,073 patients from 11 clinical trials were analysed, with 582 patients in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group and 491 patients in the radiotherapy group. Hazard ratios (HR) of 0.47 (95% CI 0.31-0.72) and 0.50 (95% CI 0.35-0.72) were observed for overall survival and progression-free survival, indicating a benefit from the additional use of concurrent chemotherapy. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that cervical cancer with high risk factors significantly benefitted from concurrent chemotherapy when examining overall survival (HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.28-0.67) and progression-free survival (HR 0.48, 95% CI 0.33-0.70), but patients with intermediate risk factors showed no benefit from concurrent chemotherapy in overall survival (HR 1.72, 95% CI 0.28-10.41) and progression-free survival (HR 1.09, 95% CI 0.19-6.14). No significant differences were observed for grade 3-4 anaemia (risk ratio (RR) 3.87, 95% CI 0.69-21.84), grade 3-4 thrombocytopenia (RR 3.04, 95% CI 0.88-10.58), grade 3-4 vomiting or nausea (RR 1.71, 95% CI 0.27-10.96), or grade 3-4 diarrhoea (RR 1.40, 95% CI 0.69-2.83). Significant differences were observed for grade 3-4 neutropenia in favour of the radiotherapy group (RR 7.23, 95% CI 3.94-13.26). Conclusions: In conclusion, concurrent chemoradiotherapy improves survival in postoperative cervical cancer with high risk factors but not in those with intermediate risk factors.

• 대한세포병리학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.147-153
• /
• 1998

We have investigated the cervicovaginal smears in order to define the cytologic features of uterine adenocarcinomas. Total 22 cases were reviewed(12 cases from the Sanggye Paik hospital, Inje university and 10 cases from the Korea Cancer Center Hospital) from January 1992 to December 1997. Five cases were endometrial adenocarcinomas and the remaining 17 cases were cervical adenocarcinomas. Seventeen cases of cervical adenocarcinomas were divided into endometrioid(6 cases), endocervical(7 cases), mixed endometrioid and endocervical(1 case), papillary (2 cases), and adenosquamous(1 case) carcinomas. The background of endocervical adenocarcinoma was hemorrhagic or inflammatory. The tumor diathesis was less prominent than that of the squamous cell carcinoma. The prominent features of the endocervical type adenocarcinomas were large and loose clusters, large intracytoplasmic vacuoles, and prominent overlapping and peripheral palisading of nuclei. In contrast, the endometrioid adenocarcinomas showed small and compact clusters, and small intracytoplasmic vacuoles. The detection rate of endometrial adenocarcinoma was lower than that of the endocervical adenocarcinoma.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.104-109
• /
• 2005

[ $7{\beta}$ ]-Hydroxycholesterol (cholest-5-ene-3, 7-diol, $7{\beta}$-OHC) showed the cytotoxicity on human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa), $10{\mu}M$ of 50% inhibitory concentration. We evaluated $7{\beta}$-OHC as the possibility of radiation sensitizer. The combination effect of $7{\beta}-OHC\;and\;{\gamma}$-irradiation was measured using colony forming assay and flow cytometer with propidium iodide and $DiOC_6$ stained cells, respectively. The combined treatment of $7{\beta}-OHC\;and\;{\gamma}$-irradiation did not show significant enhancing effects on HeLa cells.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.133-138
• /
• 2001

The recently proposed Bethesda system for cervical/vaginal cytology has made a standardization related to "atypia". In cellular change due to inflammation or repair, the word "benign cellular change" has been suggested as a substitute for atypia. Terminology related to atypia cells may become standardized, but the cytologic criteria has not been well defined yet Among 8113 cases screened, we evaluated 182 cases as atypia squamous cells undetermined significance (ASCUS) by the Bethesda system (TBS): 52 cases of ASCUS were cytologically diagnosed and 33 cases were histologically verified. ASCUS was diagnosed based on nuclear enlargement and nonclassical signs of condyloma. The results are as follows; Six cases (16.6%) turned out to have benign cellular change. Twenty five cases (69.1%) demonstrated squamous intraepthelial lesion, condyloma was 2 cases (6.0%) and mild dysplasia was not revealed. Moderate and severe dysplasia were 1 case (3.0%) and 16 cases (48.4%), squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma were 4 (12.1%) and 1 cases (3.0%), respectively. Our data suggested that patients with ASCUS are highly recommended to be examined colposcopic biosy to cornfim.

• International journal of thyroidology
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.117-122
• /
• 2018

Metastases to regional cervical lymph nodes occur frequently in patients with thyroid cancer. The appropriate management of regional lymph node is important to achieve good disease control and to classify risk stratification for adjuvant radioactive iodine. However, there are some occasions that neck dissection is difficult and embarrassing in thyroid cancer. Especially, extensive or unusual nodal metastases bring challenges and makes neck dissection more difficult. Carotid artery management is one of the most difficult procedure in neck dissection. The management of patients who have persistent or recurrent cervical metastasis involving the carotid artery has been controversial and treatment dilemma to the surgeon. Metastasis of well differentiated thyroid cancer to the retropharyngeal lymph nodes is rare but occasionally encountered. The complete surgical excision is usually recommended for retropharyngeal lymph node metastasis of well differentiated thyroid cancer. An extensive mediastinal dissection in advanced differentiated thyroid carcinoma is occasionally required. This paper will review recent reports of management of advanced nodal metastasis of thyroid cancer and share the author's personal experience.