• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.27-32
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• 2001

In addition to known cucurbitacins, a glucosphingosine type cerebroside and amino acids were isolated from the roots of Trichosanthes kirilowii. The structure of cerebroside was determined as soya-cerebroside I by means of spectroscopic methods. Fifteen amino acids were identified as aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, glycine, histidine, citrulline, threonine, alanine, proline, tyrosine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine and tryptophan, among which the major components such as citrulline, phenylalanine, leucine/isoleucine and valine were isolated.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.138-142
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• 2003

From the pulp of Euphoria longana (Longan Arillus), three cerebroside molecular species have been isolated. Six known cerebrosides, soyacerebrosides I and II, 1-Ο-$\beta$-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,4E,8E)-2-(2 -lignoceroylamino)-4,8-octadecadiene-1,3-diol (long an cerebroside I) and its 8Z isomer (Iongan cerebroside II), momor-cerebroside I, and phytolacca cerebroside, were identified as major components of these cerebroside molecular species. All the cerebrosides were shown to be a mixture of geometrical isomers (8E and 8Z) of sphingosine-type or phytosphingosine-type glucocerebrosides possessing 2-hydroxy fatty acids. The structures of these cerebrosides have been determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.593-599
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• 2004

From the EtOAc fraction of the MeOH extract of Albizzia julibrissin (Leguminosae）, a rare 5-deoxyflavone (geraldone, 1）, isookanin (2）, luteolin (3）, an isoflavone (daidzein, 4）, five prenylated flavonoids ［soph6f1avescenol (5）, kurarinone (6）, kurarinol (7）, kuraridin (8） and kuraridinol (9）］, a cerebroside (soya-cerebroside I, 10）, and $(-)-syringaresinol-4-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (11） were isolated and characterized on the basis of spectral data. Compounds 2, 3, and 11, showed 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.198.2-198.2
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• 2001

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.291-296
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• 2004

Sparganium stoloniferum Buch.-Ham. (Sparganiaceae) is a perennial herb which has been used as treatments for menstrual disorder, galactagogue and endometriosis in folk remedies. The Sparganii Rhizoma processed, heated with vinegar, used to different purpose compared with origin in medicine. In order to estimate the different effects between processed (PSR) and unprocessed (USR) Sparganii Rhizoma, extraction and systemic fractionation of the rhizomes were archived. Inhibitory effects of the extracts as well as the fractions of PSR and USR on rat lens aldose reductase and on rat platelet aggregation were investigated for the prevention or the treatment of chronic diabetic complications. Their antioxidant effects, measured using lipid peroxidation of liver tissue and radical scavenging activities on 1,1-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl in vitro, were evaluated. The most of biological activities tested except rat platelet aggregation, fractions from PSR were shown to exhibit stronger activities than those from USR. It seems that caused by changing of the chemical components by heating process in conditioned with acetic acid. Compounds isolated were shown to significant inhibitory activity on rat lens aldose reductase. Inhibitory activity of compounds isolated on rat lens aldose reductase have been tested in vitro. $IC_{50}$/ (6.31 $\mu$M) of cerebroside I (V) was nearly equal to that (6.32 $\mu$M) of a reference compound, tetrametbylene glutaric acid (TMG).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.318-329
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• 1987

Weanling female Sprague Dawley rate were fed 1.2mg pyridoxine' HCl/kg diet Cdepleted diet) and 2 22mg pyridoxine' HCI/kg dietCcontrol diet). The control and one depleted group were fed their diets throughout growth, gestation, and lactation. Other three depleted groups were fed the depleted diet throught growth and gestation, and then pyridoxine w was supplemented by feeding control diet at 5, 10, and 21 days postpartum. The brains were analyzed for proteolipid protein, cholesterol, and cerebrosi­d de. Percentage stimulation of erythrocyte alanine aminotransferase activity was also determined. Body and brain weight were significantly lower at all ages in depleted group than the control and depleted group showed inadequacy of B6 at all ages. PProteolipid protein and cholesterol were significa­n ntlylower in the depleted group at 10, 21, 35 and 5 50 days. The postnatal development of cerebroside in brain was delayed in depleted groups suppleme­I nted at 5, 10, and 21 days. When supplementation was initiateo at 5 days postparturn, contents of cho­lesterol proteolipid protein were reversed. But some differences in brain development of pups we­re evident when supplementation of dams was de­layed to 10 days or 21 days.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.155-164
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• 2010

Lycii fructus is the fruit of Lycium chinense Miller and is part of the Solanaceae family. Lycii fructus produces various effects such as hypotensive, hypoglycemic, anti-pyretic, and anti-stress activities. Lycii fructus is known to contain betaine, carotene, nicotinic acid, zeaxanthin, and cerebroside. In the present study, the effects of Lycii fructus aqueous extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in murine raw 264.7 macrophage cells were investigated. In this study we utilized the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting, and nitric oxide (NO) detection. Lycii fructus aqueous extract suppressed NO production by inhibiting the LPS-induced expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-$\alpha$) mRNA and iNOS protein in murine raw 264.7 macrophage cells. Also, Lycii fructus aqueous extract suppressed the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) in the nucleus. These results demonstrated that Lycii fructus aqueous extract causes an anti-inflammatory effect that was likely produced by the suppression of iNOS expression through the down-regulation of NF-$\hat{e}B$ binding activity.