• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.1022-1026
• /
• 2005

To clarify the toxic effect on cultured neonatal mouse cerebral neurons damaged by ischemia, we examined the cytotoxicity induced by ischemia and the protective effect of antioxidant and AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist against ischemia-induced cytotoxicity on cultured cerebral neurons. For this study, mice were administrated with 20ug/kg cyclothiazide or 50U/kg vitamin E via intraperitoneal injection for 2 hours before ischemic induction. After cell culture for 7 days, cell viability, amount of neurofilament and protein kinase C activity were examined. Ischemia decreased significantly cell viability, amount of neurofilament and the increase of protein kinase C activity in these cultures. In the protective effect, vitamin I showed remarkably the increase of cell viability and amount of neurofilament, and the decrease of protein kinase C activity but, cyclothiazide did not showed any protective effect on ischemia-induced cytotoxicity. From these results, it is suggested that vitamin I is effective in blocking the neurotoxicity induced by ischemia, but cyclothiazide as a AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist is not.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제23권5호
• /
• pp.199-206
• /
• 2006

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of various electroacupuncture stimulation on neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS) in cerebral cortex, brain stem, cerebellum of spontaneously hypertensive rats. Methods : We evaluated the changes of nNOS-positive neurons using a immunohistochemical method. The staining intensity of nNOS positive neurons was assessed in a quantitative fashion using a microdensitometrical method based on optical density by means of an image analyzer. Results : The average optical density of nNOS-positive neurons of 100 Hz (bipolar square wave 0.2 ms duration and 100 Hz frequency) electroacupuncture treatment group significantly decreased in most cortical areas comparison between the manual acupuncture and 2 Hz (bipolar square wave 0.2 ms duration and 2 Hz frequency) electroacupuncture groups. In the brain stem, the optical density of nNOS-positive neuron at superficial gray layer of the superior colliculus area, dorsolateral periaqueductal gray area and paralemniscal nucleus were same as cerebral cortex. Conclusion : We conclude that the morphological evidence for nNOS-positive neurons may be have regional change in cerebral cortex brain stem and cerebellum according to various electroacupuncture stimulations.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제22권2호
• /
• pp.127-134
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the effects of Samwha-tang(三化湯) Extracts on reversible forebrain ischemia experimentally induced from the occlusion of middle cerebral artery. The volume of cerebral ischemia, the volume of cerebral edema, and the change of pyramidal neuron of the CA1 area in hippocampus through light microscopy were investigated. we obtained the following results. The volume of the control group, which had ischemic damage was 21%, and the volume of the sample group, which had ischemic damage, was 16%. The ratio of the volume of the right/left hemisphere was 117.2 in the control group, and 108.8 in the sample group. Also, the light microscopy revealed that the pyramidal cells of CA1 area in hippocampus had many damages like changes into discontinuous and unsystematic forms. But, in the sample group, the cells were less damaged compared with the control group.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.311-319
• /
• 2007

Elevated blood levels of homocysteine (a sulfur-containing amino acid) have been linked to increased risk of cerebrovascular disease including Alzheimer's disease. A recent study suggests that elevated homocysteine levels may lead to replicative senescence in vitro called 'permanent arrest of cell cycle' caused by oxidative stress. In this study, serum homocysteine level in rat was reduced by Lentinus edodes-powder diet, resulting in the reduced level of oxidative stress in rat brain. In addition, homocysteine-induced replicative senescence treated with or without Lentinus edodes-powder was analyzed by population doubling in vitro. The Lentinus edodes-powder induced a increased number of population doubling in primary neuron cell isolated from rat-cerebral cortex. This indicates that Lentinus edodes-powder would delay a homocysteine-induced aging of neuron cells in brain, showing a possible role in preventing cerebrovascular diseases including Alzheimer's disease.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• 제35권12호
• /
• pp.847-853
• /
• 2002

저자는 이미 120분간의 역행성 뇌관류를 시행하여 이의 안전성에 대한 결과를 발표한 바 있다. 이번 연구는 neuron-specific enolase와 S100 베타 단백의 혈청 및 소변내 농도와의 관계 및 변화를 관찰하고 소변 검체를 통한 뇌손상 조기 검출 가능성에 대하여 규명하고자 계획하였다. 대상 및 방법: 35 kg 돼지를 이용하여 120분간 역행성 뇌관류를 시행한후, 심폐기 이탈을 시행하고 2시간 동안 생존을 유도하였으며, 시간 변화에 따른 동맥 혈압, 경정맥압, 혈청 및 소변내 neuron-specific enolose (NSE) 및 S100베타 단백치를 측정하였다. 역행성 뇌관류 시행 중 중심정맥압은 20~25 mmHg를 유지하였다. 결과: neuron-specific enolase의 혈청농도(ng/$m\ell$)는 마취 유도 시 0.67$\pm$0.18, 심폐기 가동 직후에 0.53$\pm$0.47, 심폐기 가동 후 20분대에 0.44$\pm$0.27, 역행성 뇌관류 20분대에 0.24$\pm$0.09, 40분대에 0.37$\pm$0.35, 60분대에 0.33$\pm$0.21, 80분대에 0.37$\pm$0.22, 100분대에 0.41$\pm$0.23, 120분대에 0.48\ulcorner0.26, 심폐기 재가동후 30분대에 0.42$\pm$0.29, 60분대에 0.35$\pm$0.32, 심폐기 이탈 후 30분대에 0.42$\pm$0.37, 60분대에 0.47$\pm$0.34, 90분대에 0.47$\pm$0.28, 120분대에 0.57$\pm$0.29 로 나타나 역행성 뇌관류 전후에 유의한 변화 양상을 관찰할 수 없었다(ANOVA, p＞0.05). 요중 농도(ng/$m\ell$) 또한 역행성 뇌관류 전후에 유의한 변화 양상을 관찰할 수 없었다(ANOVA, p＞0.05). 또한 혈중 농도와 요중 농도간의 상관성을 발견할 수 없었다(Pearson correlation, p＞0.05). 동일한 측정 시점에서의 S-100 베타 단백 혈청 농도(ng/$m\ell$)는 0.14$\pm$0.08, 0.15$\pm$0.07, 0.22$\pm$0.15, 0.23$\pm$0.07, 0.28$\pm$0.10, 0.40$\pm$0.05, 0.47$\pm$0.03, 0.49$\pm$0.12, 0.43$\pm$0.11, 0.46$\pm$0.15, 0.62$\pm$0.17, 0.77$\pm$0.21, 0.78$\pm$0.23, 0.77$\pm$0.23, 0.82$\pm$0.33으로 뇌관류를 시행한 이후에서 시행이전에 비해 유의하게 상승하였음을 관찰할 수 있었다(ANOVA, p＜0.05, post hoc test). S-100 베타 단백의 소변내 농도(ng/$m\ell$)는 역행성 뇌관류 기간을 제외하고 동일한 측정시점에서 측정할 수 있었으며, 심폐기 가동전에 비해 재가동 후 측정치가 모두 통계적으로 유의하게 상승하였다(ANOYA, p＜0.05). 혈중 측정치와 요중 측정치는 모두 역행성 뇌관류 후 증가하는 양상을 보였으며 의미 있는 상관성을 발견할 수 있었다(Pearson correlation, p＜0.05). 결론: 뇌손상 여부를 판단하기 위하여 시행한 검사 중 S-100 베타 단백의 혈청 및 소변에서의 수치는 뇌관류 전보다 유의하게 증가하는 양상을 보였으며 두 검체 사이에는 의미 있는 상관관계가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 뇌손상의 조기 지표로서 S-100 베타단백을 활용할 수 있는 기초자료가 되었다고 생각되며, 환자를 대상으로 한 임상 연구를 할 수 있는 토대가 되었다고 사료된다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.629-640
• /
• 2008

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of Jukryuk on 4-vessel occlusion(4-VO) and middle cerebral artery (MCA) ischemia. Method : After administration of Jukryuk, we compared the Jukryuk-treated group, the control, and the sham groups, in view of several points as follows 1) We evaluated the damage characterized by coagulative cell change of pyramidal neurons and pronounced gliosis in each group 2) We counted the number of normal pyramidal shapes after ischemia in each group 3) Immunohistochemistry (cyclooxygenase-2) 4) In focal ischemic injury model, we measured the volume of ischemic area Results : In this experiment, the effect of Jukryuk was determined to be protecting neuron cell shape, reducing the number of neuron cells damaged by ischemia and the volume of the ischemic area. In immunohistochemistry, Jukryuk reduced cyclooxygenase-2 expression Conclusions : According to this study, Jukryuk can protect neuron cells from injury by cerebrovascular ischemia.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.149-157
• /
• 2017

The interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) is a potential stroke treatment candidate. Intranasal delivery is a novel method thereby a therapeutic protein can be penetrated into the brain parenchyma by bypassing the blood-brain barrier. Thus, this study tested whether intranasal IL-1RA can provide neuroprotection and brain penetration in transient cerebral ischemia. In male Sprague-Dawley rats, focal cerebral ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 1 h. The rats simultaneously received 50 mg/kg human IL-1RA through the intranasal (IN group) or intraperitoneal route (IP group). The other rats were given 0.5 mL/kg normal saline (EC group). Neurobehavioral function, infarct size, and the concentration of the administered human IL-1RA in the brain tissue were assessed. In addition, the cellular distribution of intranasal IL-1RA in the brain and its effect on proinflammatory cytokines expression were evaluated. Intranasal IL-1RA improved neurological deficit and reduced infarct size until 7 days after MCAO (p<0.05). The concentrations of the human IL-1RA in the brain tissue 24 h after MCAO were significantly greater in the IN group than in the IP group (p<0.05). The human IL-1RA was confirmed to be co-localized with neuron and microglia. Furthermore, the IN group had lower expression of $interleukin-1{\beta}$ and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ at 6 h after MCAO than the EC group (p<0.05). These results suggest that intranasal IL-1RA can reach the brain parenchyma more efficiently and provide superior neuroprotection in the transient focal cerebral ischemia.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국독성학회 2002년도 Current Trends in Toxicological Sciences
• /
• pp.89-89
• /
• 2002

It is well known that oxygen radicals induce neuronal cell damage by initiation of lipid peroxidation chain reaction. Recent work has been also demonstrated that enzymatically generated free radicals cause the release of glutamate and aspartate from cultured rat hippocampal slices.(omitted)

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• 제38권3호
• /
• pp.167-171
• /
• 2000

We report a chronic cerebral paragonimiasis from a 41-year-old Korean man who complains a headache and weakness of left motor neuron components. Magnetic resonance images of the brain revealed conglomerates of multiple ring-like enhancements in tempore-occipital and frontal lobes of the right hemisphere. An intradermal test for paragonimiasis westermani was positive. The patient was born near an endemic area of paragonimiasis and used to eat boiled or grilled freshwater crayfish in his childhood. Nodules in the brain were resected through craniotomies. The eggs of P. westemani were identified pathologically and parasitologically in the calcified necrotic lesions. Examinations on sputum and fecal specimens for the eggs of P. westemani were shown to be negative and a chest radiograph was normal. It is presumed that the brain lesions were formed by P. westemani approximately 30 years ago.

• 동의생리병리학회지
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.1016-1019
• /
• 2002

To examine the cytotoxic effect of glucose oxidase(GO) in cultured mouse cerebral neurons, cytotoxicity was measured by MTT assay after cultured nerve cells were incubated for 3 hours in the media containing 1 ～ 60mU/ml concentrations of GO. In addition, the neuroprotective effect of Ramulus et uncus uncariae(REUU) was determined by MTT assay in these cultrures. Cell viability was remarkably decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner after cultured mouse cerebral neurons were exposed to 30mU/ml GO for 3 hours. In the neuroprotective effect of REUU on GO-induced toxicity, REUU blocked the GO-mediated neurotoxicity in these cultures. From above the results, it suggests that GO is toxic in cultured mouse cerebral neurons and selective herb extract such as REUU is effective in prevetion of the neurotoxicity induced by GO.