• Electrical & Electronic Materials
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.991-1000
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• 1996

PbTiO$_{3}$-PbZrO$_{3}$-Pb(Ni$_{1}$3/Nb$_{2}$3/O$_{3}$) (PZT-PNN) thin films were prepared from corresponding metal organics partially stabilized with diethanolamine by the sol-gel spin coating method. Each mol ratio of PT:PZ:PNN solutions were #1(50:40:10), #2(50:30:20), #3(45:35:20), #4(40:40:20), #5(40:50:10), #6(35:45:20) and #7(30:50:20) respectively. The spin-coated PZT-PNN films were heat-treated at 350.deg. C for decomposition of residual organics, and were sintered from 450.deg. C to 750.deg. C for crystallization. The substrates, such as Pt and Pt/TiN/Ti/TiN/Si were used for the spin coating of PZT PNN films. The perovskite phase was observed in the PZT-PNN films heat-treated at 500.deg. C. The crystalline of the PZT-PNN films was optimized at the sintering of 700.deg. C. By the result of AES analysis, It is confirmed that the films of TiN/Ti/TiN was a good diffusion barrier and that co-diffusion into the each films was not observed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.332-332
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• 2010

We have successfully demonstrated the inkjet printing method to create $Al_2O_3$ films withouWe have successfully demonstrated the inkjet printing method to create $Al_2O_3$ films without a high temperature sintering process. In order to remove the coffee ring effect in the ink drop, we have introduced a co-solvent system in order to create Marangoni flow in the ink drop, which leads to the dense packing of ceramic powders on the substrate during inkjet process. The packing density of the Inkjet-printed $Al_2O_3$ films is around 60% (max. 70%) which is very high compared to the value obtained from the same material films by other conventional methods such as film casting, dip coating process, etc. The voids inside the films (which are around 40% of the entire film volume) are filled with the polymer resin (Cyanate ester) by the infiltration process. This resin infiltration is also implemented by the inkjet printing process right after the Ah03 film ink-jetting process. The microstructures of the printed $Al_2O_3$ films are investigated by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to understand the degree of packing density in the printed films. The inkjet-printed $Al_2O_3$ films have been characterized to investigate its thickness and roughness. Quality factor of the printed $Al_2O_3$ film is also measured to be over 300 at 1MHz.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.2087-2096
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• 1996

Recentrly advantages in composite and light weight material techniques have led to the increased use of bonded dissimilar materials such as ceramics/metal bonded joints, IC package, brazing, coating and soldering in the various industries. It is required to analyze the evaluation method of fracture strength and design methodology of bonded joints in dissimilar materials. Stress singularity according to changes of scarf angles for bonded scarf joints in dissimilar materials was investigated by the boundary element method and static experiments. In this paper, effect of the stress singularity factors at the interface edges of scarf joints on various dissmilar materials combinations were investigated by analysis of its stress and stress singularity index using 2-dimensional elastic program of boundary element method. And the variations of stress singularity index by changes for Young's modulus ratios of materials and scarf angles were investigated. Also, it is found that stress singularities at bonded interface edges are disappeared for certain combination of scarf angle in a pair of bonded dissimilar materials. As the results, it is proposed that the strength evaluation by using stress singularity factors, $\Gamma$, considering stress singularity at the interface edges of bonded dissimilar materials, is very useful.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.240-253
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• 1993

Silicon alkoxides are used as a raw materials of silica fibers, coating films and fine ceramics. Specially, the alkoxides have been confirmed the best raw material for VLSI thin film of computors in recent years. Because, the impotance of silicon alkoxides are increasing more and more now a days. And so, in thls report the synthetic methods, reaction mechanism, application fields of silicon alkoxides are summerized. Also, the results of our research and technical problems of silicon alkoxide preparation are introduced briefly.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.153-159
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• 2017

Purpose: In this study, a corresponding porcelain coating material was applied to dental Co-Cr metal among PFM. Methods: The bonding strength of the fired specimens was measured by a three-point flexural rigidity test. SEM/EDS was used to observe the surface component of specimens. Results: First, All groups were higher than the minimum bonding strength of 25 MPa specified in ISO 9693 for dental metal-ceramics specimens. Second, The bonding strength of control group(WO) is 44.64 MPa. Experimental group DM was 35.45 MPa and DP was 31.82 MPa(P<0.05). Tukey's HSD tests results have shown that the bonding strength in control group(WO) is higher than that of experimental group(DM, DP). Third, In the case of metal - porcelain bonding strength, the application of opaque porcelain and firing were higher than those of the group treated with degassing process. Conclusion: The bonding strength was higher when the powder opaque porcelain was applied than the paste opaque porcelain.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.22-32
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• 2020

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microshear bond strength (µSBS) of four computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) blocks repaired with composite resin using three different surface treatment protocols. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Four different CAD/CAM blocks were used in this study: (1) flexible hybrid ceramic (FHC), (2) resin nanoceramic (RNC), (c) polymer infiltrated ceramic network (PICN) and (4) feldspar ceramic (FC). All groups were further divided into four subgroups according to surface treatment: control, hydrofluoric acid etching (HF), air-borne particle abrasion with aluminum oxide (AlO), and tribochemical silica coating (TSC). After surface treatments, silane was applied to half of the specimens. Then, a silane-containing universal adhesive was applied, and specimens were repaired with a composite, Next, µSBS test was performed. Additional specimens were examined with a contact profilometer and scanning electron microscopy. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey tests. RESULTS. The findings revealed that silane application yielded higher µSBS values (P<.05). All surface treatments were showed a significant increase in µSBS values compared to the control (P<.05). For FHC and RNC, the most influential treatments were AlO and TSC (P<.05). CONCLUSION. Surface treatment is mandatory when the silane is not preferred, but the best bond strength values were obtained with the combination of surface treatment and silane application. HF provides improved bond strength when the ceramic content of material increases, whereas AlO and TSC gives improved bond strength when the composite content of material increases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 1994.04c
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• pp.6-6
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• 1994

Har dmaterials such as cemented carbides with or without coated layer, cermets, ceramics and diamond or c-BN high pressure sintered compact are used for cutting tools, wear -resistant parts, rock drilling bits and/or high pressure vessels. These hardmaterials contain not only hard phase, but also second consituent as the element for forming ductile phase and/or sintering aid, and the mechanical properties of each material depend on (1) the amount of the second constituent as well as (2) the grain size of the hard phase. The hardness of each material mainly depends on these two factors. The fracture strength, however, largely depends on other microstructur a1 factors as well as the above two factors. For all hardmaterials, the fracture strength is consider ably affected by (3) the size of microstructur a1 defect which acts as the fracture source. In cemented carbides, the following factors which are generated mainly due to the addition of the second constituent are also important; (4) the variation of the carbon content in the normal phase region free from V-phase and graphite phase, (5) the precipitation of $Co_3$ during heating at about $800^{\circ}C$,(6) the domain size of binder phase, and (7) the formation of ${\beta}$-free layer or Co-rich layer near the surface of sintered compacts. For cemented carbides coated with thin hard substance, the important factors are as follows; (8) the kind of coated substance, (9) the formation of ${\eta}$-phase layer at the interface between coated layer and substrate, (10) the type of residual stress (tension or compression) in the coated layer which depends on the kind of coating method (CVD or PVD), and (11) the properties of the substrate, and (12) the combination, coherency and periodicity of multi-layers. In the lecture, the details of these factors and their effect on the strength will be explained.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

In this study, the pentacene thin films were prepared by the soluble process, and characterized fur the application of the organic thin film transistor(OTFT) device. To dissolve the pentacene material, two kinds of solvents such as toluene and chloroform were used, and the effects of these solvents on the properties of pentacene thin films coated on ITO/Glass substrate were investigated. Pentacene thin films were prepared by using spin-coating methode and characterized the surface morphology, crystalline and electrical properties. From the AFM measurement, the surface morphology of the pentacene film dissolved with chloroform was improved compared with the one dissolved with toluene solvent. XRD measurement showed that all prepared pentacene film samples were amorphous crystal phases without crystallization of the films. The electrical properties of the pentacene film dissolved with chloroform showed better results than the ones using toluene solvent by hall measurement system. The carrier concentration and the mobility values of pentacene films using chloroform solvent were found to be $-3.225{\times}10^{14}\;cm^{-3}$ and $3.5{\times}10^{-1}\;cm^2{\cdot}V^{-1}{\cdot}S^[-1}$, respectively. The resistivity was about $2.5{\times}10^2\;{\Omega}{\cdot}cm$.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.191-198
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• 2009

Statement of problem: Ceramics have been important materials for the restoration of teeth. The demands of patients for tooth-colored restorations and the availability of various dental ceramics has driven the increased use of new types of dental ceramic materials. Improved physical properties of theses materials have expanded its use even in posterior crowns and fixed partial dentures. However, ceramic still has limitation such as low loading capability. This is critical for long-span bridge, because bridge is more subject to tensile force. Purpose: The wire reinforced ceramic was designed to increase the fracture resistance of ceramic restoration. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of wire reinforced ceramic. Material and methods: Heat pressed ceramic(ingot No.200 : IPS Empress 2, Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein) and Ni-Cr wire(Alfa Aesar, Johnson Matthey Company, USA) of 0.41 mm diameter were used in this study. Five groups of twelve uniform sized ceramic specimens(width 4 mm, thickness 2 mm, length 15 mm) were fabricated. Each group had different wire arrangement. Wireless ceramic was used as control group. The experimental groups were divided according to wire number and position. One, two and three strands of wires were positioned on the longitudinal axis of specimen. In another experimental group, three strands of wires positioned on the longitudinal axis and five strands of wires positioned on the transverse axis. Three-point bending test was done with universal testing machine(Z020, Zwick, Germany) to compare the flexural modulus, flexural strength, strain at fracture and fracture toughness of each group. Fractured ceramic specimens were cross-sectioned with caborundum disc and grinded with sandpaper to observe interface between ceramic and Ni-Cr wire. The interface between ceramic and Ni-Cr wire was analyzed with scanning electron microscope(JSM-6360, JEOL, Japan) under platinum coating. Results: The results obtained were as follows: 1. The average and standard deviation in flexural modulus, flexural strength and fracture toughness showed no statistical differences between control and experimental groups. However, strain was significantly increased in wire inserted ceramics(P<.001). 2. Control group showed wedge fracture aspects across specimen, while experimental groups showed cracks across specimen. 3. Scanning electron microscopic image of cross-sectioned and longitudinally-sectioned specimens showed no gap at the interface between ceramic and Ni-Cr wire. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that wire inserted ceramics have a high strain characteristic. However, wire inserted ceramics was not enough to use at posterior area of mouth in relation to flexural modulus and flexural strength. Therefore, we need further studies.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.203-215
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• 2007

Statement of problem: Titanium and its alloy, with their excellent bio-compatibility and above average resistance to corrosion, have been widely used in the field of dentistry. However, the excessive oxidization of titanium which occurs during the process of firing on porcelain makes the bonding of titanium and porcelain more difficult than that of the conventional metal-porcelain bonding. To solve this problem related to titanium-porcelain bonding, several methods which modify the surfaces, coat the surfaces of titanium with various pure metals and ceramics, to enable the porcelain adhesive by limiting the diffusion of oxygen and forming the adhesive oxides surfaces, have been investigated. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to know whether the titanium-porcelain bonding strength could be enhanced by treating the titanium surface with gold and TiN followed by fabrication of clinically applicable porcelain-fused-to-titanium crown Material and method: The porcelain-fused-to-titanium crown was fabricated after sandblasting the surface of the casting titanium coping with $Al_2O_3$ and treating the surface with gold and TiN coating followed by condensation and firing of ultra-low fusing porcelain. To compare with porcelain-fused-to-titanium crowns, porcelain-fused-to-gold crowns were fabricated and used as control groups. The bonding strengths of porcelain-fused-to-gold crowns and porcelain-fused-totitanium crowns were set for comparison when the porcelain was fractured on purpose to get the experimental value of fracture strength. Then, the surface were examined by SEM and each fracturing pattern were compared with each other Result:Those results are as follows. 1. The highest value of fracture strength of porcelain-fused-to-titanium crowns was in the order of group with gold coating, group with TiN coating, group with $Al_2O_3$ sandblasting. No statistically significant difference was found among the three (P>.05). 2. The porcelain-fused-to-gold crowns showed the highest value in bonding strength. The bonding strength of crowns porcelain-fused-to-titanium crowns of rest groups showed bonding strength reaching only 85%-94% of that of PFG, though simple comparision seemed unacceptable due to the difference in materials used. 3. The fracturing patterns between metal and porcelain showed mixed type of failure behavior including cohesive failure and adhesive failure as a similar patterns by examination with the naked eye and SEM. But porcelain-fused-to-gold crowns showed high incidence of adhesive failure and porcelain-fused-to-titanium crowns showed high incidence of cohesive failure. Conclusion: Above results proved that when fabricating porcelain-fused-to-titanium crowns, treating casting titanium surface with gold or TiN was able to enhance the bonding strength between titanium and porcelain. Mean value of masticatory force was found to showed clinically acceptable values in porcelain bonding strength in all three groups. However, more experimental studies and evaluations should be done in order to get better porcelain bonding strength and various surface coating methods that can be applied on titanium surface with ease.