• Title/Summary/Keyword: cephalopods

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Food Habits of the Yellow Goosefish, Lophius litulon (황아귀, Lophius litulon의 식성)

  • CHA Byung-Yul;HONG Byung-Que;JO Hyun-Su;SOHN Haw-Son;PARK Yeong-Chyl;YANG Won-Seok;CHOI Ok-In
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.95-104
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    • 1997
  • Stomach contents of 518 specimens of the yellow goosefish, Lophius litulon caught by the off-shore stownet in the southern waters of Korea were examined by means of the calculation of the frequency of occurrence number and weight percentages, and index of relative importance (IRI) in each prey organisms. Prey organisms of the yellow goosefish consist of fishes, crustaceans, cephalopods. Fishes were dominant prey group, and occupied $98.8\%$ in IRI of prey organisms. Four species of fish, Pseudosciaena manchurica Collichthys niveatus, Engraulis japonica, Trichiurus lepturus were dominant as to the IRI and occupied $87.2\%$ of the total IRI. P. manchurica was a dominant prey organism in predator's stomach through the year, and the other dominant prey organisms occurred intermittently with seasonal progress. P. manchurica was a dominant prey organism to all fish size, too. C. niveatus and E. japonica decreased in importance in the diet as the fish size increased concomitant with an increase in importance of T. lepturus. Mean species number and mean individual number of prey organisms increased with the fish size.

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Species composition and community structure caught by shrimp beam trawl in the marine ranching ground of Taean, Korea (태안 바다목장 해역에서 새우조망에 어획된 수산생물의 종조성 및 군집구조)

  • Park, Jun;Jo, Hyun-Su;Im, Yang-Jae;Cha, Byung-Yeul;Kwon, Dae-Hyeon;Ryu, Dong-Ki;Hwang, Hak-Jin
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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    • v.49 no.3
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    • pp.238-249
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    • 2013
  • Species composition and seasonal variation of aquatic organism in the marine ranchig ground of Taean, Korea were investigated using shrimp beam trawl from January to December 2010. A total of 99 species, $5,355,816ind./km^2$ and $84,697kg/km^2$ of aquatic organism were collected. Among them, fish include 9 orders 33 families 54 species, crustaceans include 2 orders 15 families 30 species, cephalopods consist of 3 orders 4 families 5 species, gastropods include 2 orders 3 families 4 species, echinoidea sp. include 1 order 2 families 2 species, bivalves were composed of 2 orders 2 families 2 species, and holothuroids include 1 family 1 order. According to the dominants by month, Palaemon gravieri was dominant in January, Cynoglossus joyneri was dominant in February, March, and June, and Hexagrammos otakii was dominant, in July. And Oratosquilla oratoria was dominant echinoidea sp. was dominant in April, May, and August and in September, October, November, and December. Cluster analysis based on species composition of the 38 most common species showed that the species were separated into 5 different groups. Group A was composed of species which were abundant in spring and summer, group B was composed of year-round residents, and group C was composed of species which were abundant in autumn.

Ecology of Synechogobius hasta (Pisces : Gobiidae) in the Kum River Estuary, Korea (금강하구 풀망둑 (Synechogobius hasta)의 생태)

  • CHOI Youn;KIM Ik-Soo;RYU Bong-Suk;PARK Jong-Young
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.115-123
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    • 1996
  • For ecological study of Synechogobius hasta the environmental factors, length composition, stages of ovarian maturation, growth, and stomach contents of this species were examined. The samples were collected from the Kum River estuary from May, 1994 to June, 1995. The ovarian egg development of this species underwent 4 stages : the oogonium stage in October to November, growth stage in December to February of next year, maturity stage in February to April, and spawning stage in late April to middle May. The peak spawning period appeared in early to middle May. The fecundity varied from 8,600 to 49,000 showing a exponential increase by body size. The minimum size having matured eggs was 225 mm in total length (standard length 180 mm). The larvae smaller than 10 mm appeared in late May, and young fish of total length $13\~15mm$ entered into bottom life in the shallow waters. The young fish grew rapidly and reached about 141.7 mm in late October. The fish inhabited in the subtidal zone from December to May of next year when began to spawn. The largest specimen examined in this study was 531 mm of male, 472 mm of female. The major food items of young fishes were copepods and invertebrate larvae, and those of adult fishes were crabs, fish, shrimps, cephalopods, and polychaetes.

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Fine Structure of Retinae of Cephalopods (Todarodes pacificus And Octopus minor) Inhabiting the Korean Waters I (한국 연근해산 두족류 (Todarodes pacificus And Octopus minor) 망막 (Retina)의 미세구조 I)

  • Han, Jong-Min;Chang, Nam-Sub
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.32 no.1
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    • pp.17-30
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    • 2002
  • The retinae of Todarodes pacificus and Octopus minor are divided into four layers that are an outer segment, a rod base region, an inner segment, and a plexiform layer, respectively. The retina of Octopus minor is about $20{\mu}m$ thicker ($400{\sim}420{\mu}m$) than that of Todarodes pacificus ($385{\sim}400{\mu}m$). A retina is composed of visual cells and supporting cells. The microvilli of length $0.6{\sim}0.7{\mu}m$ are packed densely on top of the supporting cells of Octopus minor while they are not found in Todarodes pacificus. The visual cells and supporting cells have pigment granules that exclude light. In case of Todarodes pacificus, the pigment granules of the visual cell are larger ($2.0{\times}0.5{\mu}m$) than those of the supporting cell ($1.0{\times}0.3{\mu}m$). But, the sizes of both cells are similar in Octopus minor. In the upper portion of a visual cell, microvilli shaped like a comb are forming a rhabdome (diameter, 60 nm) of a hexagonal structure. The rhabdome consists of 4 rhabdomere and the total area of a rhabdom of Octopus minor is larger than that of Todarodes pacificus. The synaptosome constructing a plexiform layer in Todarodes pacificus are divided into two types, each of which possess electron dense-core vesicles and electron lucent vesicles, respectively. Octopus minor also has two types of synaptosomes but each type comprises a mixture of electron dense vesicles and electron lucent vesicles, and electron lucent vesicles only, respectively, which is different from the case of Todarodes pacificus.

Immuno-Electron Microscopic Studies on the Localization of Serotonin and Somatostatin in the Optic Lobes of Cephalopods (Todarodes pacificus and Octopus minor) Inhabiting the Korean Waters (한국 연근해산 두족류 (Todarodes pacificus and Octopus minor) 시엽 (Optic lobe)내 Serotonin 및 Somatostatin의 분포에 관한 면역전자현미경적 연구)

  • Chang, Nam-Sub;Han, Jong-Min;Kim, Sang-Won;Lee, Kwang-Ju;Hwang, Sun-Jong;Lee, Jung-Chan
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.32 no.3
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    • pp.247-255
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    • 2002
  • In this study, we carried out immunostaining and immunogold labeling with antibodies to serotonin and somatostatin to examine the characteristics and functions of the neurons that secrete neurotransmitters in optic lobes of Todarodes pacificus and Octopus minor. As a result of immunostaining with anti-somatostatin, the nerve cells of Todarodes pacificus reacted as similar to the anti-serotonin, but in Octopus minor, only large cells in the outer granule cell layer reacted positively. In the immunogold labeling with anti-serotonin, the nerve cells in the inner grande cell layer and medulla of Todarodes pacificus reacted strongly, 30 gold particles being labeled per $0.5{\mu}m^2$ of the cytoplasm. However, in Octopus minor, only 17 gold particles were labeled, which stated a weak reaction. On the other hand, in the anti-somatostatin case, the nerve cells in the outer and inner granule cell layers and medulla of Todarodes pacificus showed strong reaction, 30 gold particles being labeled per $0.5{\mu}m^2$ of the cytoplasm while the nerve cells in the outer granule cell layer of Octopus minor reacted weakly, about 3 gold particles being labeled per the equivalent area. As a result of immunostaining and immunogold labeling with two types of antibodies to each part of the optic lobes, we found that the reactive nerve cells were distributed differently in the two species. In particular, the degree of reactivity to the immunostaining and immunogold labeling appeared stronger in Todarodes pacificus than in Octopus minor.

Immuno-Electron Microscopic Studies on the Distribution of Dopamine and $Calbindin-D_{28K}$ in the Optic lobes of Cephalopods (Todarodes pacificus and Octopus minor) inhabiting the Korean waters (한국 연근해산 두족류 (Todarodes pacificus and Octopus minor) 시엽내 Dopamine 및 $Calbindin-D_{28K}$의 분포에 관한 면역전자현미경적 연구)

  • Han, Jong-Min;Chang, Nam-Sub
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.175-183
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    • 2002
  • In this study, we carried out immunostaining and immunogold labeling with rabbit anti-dopamine (TH) and rabbit anti-calbindin-$D_{28K}$ to examine the characteristics and functions of the neurons that secrete neurotransmitters in optic lobes of Todarodes pacificus and Octopus minor inhabiting the Korean waters. The obtained results are as follow. In the immunostaining with anti-dopamine, only a few of the large amacrine cells in an the upper part of an outer granule cell layer and the cells forming the islands of medulla showed positive reaction in Todarodes pacificus, while $2{\sim}3$ cells in the upper and middle parts of an outer granule cell layer and more than 5 cells in the islands of medulla reacted positively in Octopus minor. For the case of anti-calbindin case, $2{\sim}3$ small amacrine cells in the upper portion of the outer granule cell layer and $1{\sim}2$ cells which are located in the lower part of an inner granule cell layer showed positive reaction in Todarodes pacificus, while, in Octopus minor, 4 cells in the outer granule cell layer reacted positively, no immunoreactive cell being found in the inner granule cell layer. As a result of performing the immunogold labeling, relative large number ($17{\sim}26$) of gold particles were labeled per $0.5{\mu}m^2$ of the cytoplasm of the cells which showed the immunoreactivity to the anti-dopamine and anti-calbindin in Todarodes pacificus, however, small number (10) of gold particles were labeled in Octopus minor, which reach only half of the number in the Todarodes pacificus.

Fishery Resources off Youngkwang 1. Species Composition of Catch by a Stow Net (서해 영광 연안 수산자원 I. 주목망 어획자원의 종조성)

  • HWANG Sun Do;IM Yang Jae;KIM Yong Cheol;CHA Hyung Kee;CHOI Seung Ho
    • Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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    • v.31 no.5
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    • pp.727-738
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    • 1998
  • Seasonal species composition of fishery resources was determined using samples collected by a stow net from April 1995 through January 1996 at 9 stations off Youngkwang. Catch data obtained from a set net using strong tidal current could be used for a quantitative analysis of dominant species. Of the 98 species identified, assemblages were consisted of $52.0\%$ in fishes, $44.6\%$ in shrimps, $2.0\%$ in cephalopods, $1.4\%$ in crabs and <$0.1\%$ in gastropods. Thryssa kammalensis, Crangon hakodatei, Metapenaeus joynezi and Johnius grypotus predominated in abundance, consisting of $68\%$ in the number of individuals, The abundance and species composition fluctuated seasonally, and species could be distinguished by life history pattern with seasons. Seasonal variation in species composition was greater than the spatial variation in a sampling period, As the fine sediment was predominated in the study area, the species composition were significantly different from those of other coastal waters of West Sea, Korea.

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The Exploitation of World Fishery Resources for 10 Years under the New Regime in the Sea (신해양질서 10년후 세계어업자원 이용동향)

  • 이장욱;허영희
    • The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.43-87
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    • 1992
  • In this paper, state of exploitation of world fishery resources after 10 years under the new regime in the sea, called the era of exclusive economic zone (EEZ) expending up to a 200 nautical miles from coastal line, was reviewed to determine effect from establishing EEZ in the world fishery production and its export/import volume based on the fishery statistics annually published by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of United Nation. The world total production from marine living resources had a trend showing a waned increase during 1970's when most of coastal states were translated into the reality of EEZ. From mid-1980's onwards, it increased rapidly, reaching about 85 million tons . Such increase in production was basically from the Pacific Ocean, accounting for more than 60% of the world total production. Fishing areas where showed increase in the production after the new regime in the sea were the southwestern Atlantic (FAO area 41) , the eastern Indian (FAO area 57) and the whole fishing areas in the Pacific except the eastern central Pacific (FAO area 77). Increase in the production from distant-water fishing countries came from the regions of the southwest Atlantic (FAO area 41) and the southwest Pacific (FAO area 81) . The production from coastal states was up from the regions of the eastern Indian (FAO area 57) , the northwest and northeast Pacific (FAO areas 61 and 67) and the southeast Pacific (FAO area 87) . It was likely that the exploitation of the fishable stocks was well monitored in the areas of the northwest Atlantic (FAO area 21) , the eastern central Atlantic (FAO area 34) and the northeast Pacific (FAO area 67) through appropriate management measures such as annual harvest level, establishment of total allowable catch etc. The marine fisheries resources that have made contribution to the world production, despite expansion of 200 EEZ by coastal states, were sardinellas, Atlantic cod, blue whiting and squids in the Atlantic Ocean : tunas which mainly include skipjack, yellowfin and bigeye tuna, croakers and pony fishes in the Indian Ocean : and sardine, Chilean pilchard, Alaska pollock, tunas (skipjack and yellowfin tuna) , blue grenadier and blue whiting including anchoveta in the Pacific Ocean. It was identified that both fishery production and its export since introduction of the new regime in the sea were dominated by such coastal states as USA, Canada, Indonesia, Thailand, Mexico, South Africa and Newzealand. But difficulties have been experienced in the European countries including Norway, Spain, Japan and Rep. of Korea. Therefore, majority of coastal states are unlikely to have yet undertaken proper utilization as well as rational management of marine living resources in their jurisdiction during the last two decades. The main target species groups which led the world fishery production to go up were Alaska pollock, cods, tunas, sardinellas, chub and jack mackerel and anchoveta. These stocks are largely expected to continue to contribute to the production. The fisheries resources which are unexploited, underexploited and/or lightly exploited at present and which will be contributed to the world production in future are identified with cephalopods, Pacific jack mackerel and Atlantic mackerel, silver hake including anchovies. These resources mainly distribute in the Pacific regions, especially FAO statistical fishing areas 67, 77 and 87. It was likely to premature to conclude that the new regime in the sea was only in favour of coastal states in fishey production.

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Composition and Catch Variation of Fishes by a Set Net in the Coastal Waters off Gwideuk, Jeju Island (제주도 귀덕 연안 정치망 어획물의 조성 및 변동)

  • Cha, Byung Yul;Kim, Dae Kwon;Yoon, Jang Taek;Kim, Byung Yeob
    • Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.28-35
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    • 2008
  • Fishes by a set net in the coastal waters off Gwideuk, Jeju Island were studied to determine species composition and catch variation, 2004. The fishing period conducted by a set net in Gwideuk fishing ground were from April to December. A total of 45,473.2 kg including 21 species was caught during the survey period. Most of them consisted of fishes of 17 species and a few were cephalopods of 4 species. Dominant species were Trachurus japonicus and Siganus fuscescens, 44.3% in the total. And sub-dominant species were Sepioteuthis lessoniana, Seriola dumerili, Seriola quinqueradiata, Loligo bleekeri, Seriola lalandi accounting for 54.4%. Although the number of species had a tendency to decreased from July to December, the catch by a set net was higher in summer and autumn than in spring. Such catch variations were closely related to recruitment of dominant species and also the seasonal variation of fishing ground temperature.

Bioinformatic Analysis of NLS (Nuclear Localization Signals)-containing Proteins from Mollusks (생물정보학을 이용한 연체동물의 NLS (Nuclear Localization Signals) 포함 단백질의 분석)

  • Lee, Yong-Seok;Kang, Se-Won;Jo, Yong-Hun;Gwak, Heui-Chul;Chae, Sung-Hwa;Choi, Sang-Haeng;Ahn, In-Young;Park, Hong-Seog;Han, Yeon-Soo;Kho, Weon-Gyu
    • The Korean Journal of Malacology
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.109-113
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    • 2006
  • Subcellular localization of a protein containing nuclear localization signals (NLS) has been well studied in many organisms ranging from invertebrates to vertebrates. However, no systematic analysis of NLS-containing proteins available from Mollusks has been reported. Here, we describe in silico screening of NLS-containing proteins using the mollusks database that contains 22,138 amino acids. To screen putative proteins with NLS-motif, we used both predict NLS and perl script. As a result, we have found 266 proteins containing NLS sequences which are about 1.2% out of the entire proteins. On the basis of KOG (The eukaryotic orthologous groups) analysis, we can't predict the precise functions of the NLS-containing proteins. However, we found out that these proteins belong to several types of proteins such as chromatin structure and dynamics, translation, ribosomal structure, biogenesis, and signal transduction mechanism. In addition, we have analysed these sequences based on the classes of mollusks. We could not find many from the species that are the main subjects of phylogenetic studies. In contrast, we noticed that cephalopods has the highest number of NLS-containing proteins. Thus, we have constructed mollusks NLS database and added these information and data to the mollusks database by constructing web interface. Taken together, these information will be very useful for those who are or will be studying NLS-containing proteins from mollusks.

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