• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.131-134
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• 2000

Forest vegetation in Korea can be largely divided into warm temperate, cool temperate and frigid forest zone. The cool temperate forest zone of them occupies the largest part of the Korean peninsula and it is generally divided into three subdivisions such as northern, central and southern subzone. The Forestry Research Institute established three long-term ecological research sites at Kwangnung Experiment Forest in the central subzone of the cool temperate forest zone, at the Mt. Kyebangsan Forest in the northern subzone of the cool temperate forest zone. and at the Mt. Keumsan Forest in the warm temperate forest zone. The objectives of long-term ecological research in the Forestry Research Institute, Korea are to study long-term changes of the forest ecosystems in energy fluxes, water and nutrient cycling, forest stand structure, biological diversity, to quantify nutrient budgets and fluxes among forest ecosystem compartments and to integrate ecological data with a GIS - assisted model. To achieve the objectives, forest stand dynamics. environmental changes in soil properties, stream water quality, nutrient cycling, air pollution and biological diversity have been investigated and plant phonology as an indicator of climate change has been monitored in the LTER sites.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.117-129
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• 2010

The present study was undertaken in moist temperate forest of Mandal-Chopta area in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, India. The aim of the present study was to assess the physical properties of soils in relation to the forest structure and composition. Twelve forest types according to the altitude, slope aspect and species compositions were selected for the study. Physical properties of soil i.e., soil colour, soil texture (per cent of sand, silt and clay), moisture content, water holding capacity, porosity, bulk density (gm/$cm^3$) and void ratio were analyzed for three different depths viz., (i) 'upper' (0-10 cm), (ii) 'middle' (11-30 cm) and (iii) 'lower' (31-60 cm) in all the selected forest types. Phytosociological and diversity parameters viz. total basal cover ($Gha^{-1}$), stem density ($Nha^{-1}$), tree species richness, Simpson concentration of dominance and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were also calculated for each forest type. This study also provides the comparisons between the results of physical analysis of the present study with numerous other previous studies in the temperate Himalayan region of the Uttarakhand.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.259-267
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• 2011

A pollen analytical study of sediment sequences collected from Yongneup moor (sampling point: $38^{\circ}$12'57.4" N, $120^{\circ}$7'30.2" E) was conducted to understand the vegetation history in the mountainous region of the central Korean peninsula. Carbon dating was carried out to measure five successive samples obtained from the bottom at a depth of 180 cm to the surface. The Yongneup moor sediment revealed four main local pollen zones; that is, four past vegetation phases as follows: Local pollen zone I: Quercus-Pinus zone; estimated age, 5,900-4,800 calibrated years (cal) before present (BP); vegetation type, cool-temperate central/montane deciduous broad-leaved forest. Local pollen zone II: Pinus-Abies-Quercus zone; estimated age, 4,800-3,400 cal BP; vegetation type, cool-temperate northern/alti-montane mixed coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved forest. Local pollen zone III: Quercus-Pinus-Abies zone; estimated age, 3,400-400 cal BP; vegetation type: cool-temperate central/montane deciduous broad-leaved forest. Local pollen zone IV: Pinus-Quercus zone; estimated age, 400-present cal BP; vegetation type, cool-temperate central/montane mixed deciduous broad-leaved and coniferous forest. It was confirmed that subalpine coniferous forests had expanded to the mountainous region of the central Korean peninsula during the period from 4,800-3,400 cal BP and thereafter deciduous forests dominated by Q. mongolica were established. Notably, secondary forests dominated by P. densiflora developed in the lower part of the mountainous region of the central Korean peninsula about 400 cal BP due to human interference.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2013

This study was proposed to adaptable species according to climate change using warmth index(WI) in Cheonan-Si. RCP 8.5 was used to estimate change of warmth index(WI) depending on climate change in Cheonan-Si. Climatic change of Cheonan-Si was estimated to change from cool temperate forest central zone to warm temperate forest zone. The following plant species will survive within WI change of Cheonan-Si from 2010 to 2050 : 18 species in the tree layer including Quercus serrata, Q. variabilis, Pinus densiflora, Q. acutissima etc.; 28 species in the shrub layer including Rhus trichocarpa, Lindera obtusiloba, Zanthoxylum schinifolium etc.; 24 species in the herb layer including Oplismenus undulatifolius, Carex lanceolata, etc.; 12 species in the vine plants including Smilax china, Cocculus trilobus, etc.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제111권4호
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• pp.613-621
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• 2022

본 연구는 5차, 6차, 7차 국가산림조사 자료 중 아까시나무가 우점종인 표본점을 수집하여, 산림조사 차수별, 기후대별(온대 북부, 온대중부, 온대남부, 난대지역), 해발고별(100 m 단위) 흉고직경, 입목본수, ha당 재적 및 지위지수의 변화를 구명하고자 하였다. 또한 용재로서 사용을 위한 기준인 벌기령을 산정하였다. 그리고 변화 구명은 통계처리 기법 중 분산분석과 Duncan 검정으로서 이행하였다. 흉고직경의 변화를 보면, 당연히 산림조사 차수에 따라 증가하였고, 기후대별로는 온대남부 지역에서 가장 생장이 좋지 않았으며, 해발고별로는 301-400 m 지점에서 가장 생장이 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. ha당 입목밀도는 산림조사 차수별, 해발고에 따라서 서로 간 차이를 보이지 않았으며, 온대중부 지역에서 밀도가 가장 높고, 온대남부 지역이 가장 낮은 밀도를 보였다. ha당 임분재적은 산림조사 차수에 따라 증가하였고, 온대북부·온대중부 지역과 온대남부·난대 지역으로 크게 두 그룹으로 구분되며, 해발고 201-300 m에서 재적생장량이 가장 높았다. 지위지수는 ha당 임분재적 변화와 유사한 결과를 보여 주었다. 그리고 아까시나무의 ha당 재적변화를 알 수 있는 생장량 곡선은 Weibull 함수식으로 추정하였으며, 임분재적은 임령 50-60년에 이를 때 약 200 m³에 달할 것으로 예측되었다. 아까시나무를 밀원 자원이 아닌 용재로 이용하기 위한 기준인 재적수확최대벌기령을 계산한 결과 34년으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2011

The present study was undertaken in middle altitudinal (1500 to 2500 masl) moist temperate forest of Mandal-Chopta area in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, India. The aim of the present study was to assess the variation in species composition and diversity in different vegetation layers viz. herb, shrub and tree, at different altitudes. Shannon-Wiener diversity index ($\bar{H}$), $Nha^{-1}$, total basal cover per hectare (G), Simpson concentration of dominance, Pielou Equitability, species richness (SR), Margalef index, Menheink index of species richness and ${\beta}$-diversity were calculated to understand community composition. Tree G ranged from 84.25 to 35.08 $m^2ha^{-1}$ and total stem density varied from 990 to 1470 Nha-1. Total SR (herb, shrub and trees) among different forest types ranged between 31 and 58. Maximum G of herb and shrub layers was recorded at lower altitudes between 1500 and 1650 masl. ${\beta}$-diversity was higher in herb layers as compared to tree and shrub layers. Dominance-diversity curves were also drawn to ascertain resource apportionment among various species in different forest types. Values of species diversity, $\bar{H}$, $Nha^{-1}$ and G were higher in the study area as compared to similar forests growing in other parts of Uttarakhand Himalaya.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.429-434
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• 2007

This study was conducted to estimate site productivity of Quercus acutissima and Quercus mongolica by four forest climatic zones. We used site environmental variables (28 geographical and pedological factors) and site index as a site productivity indicator from nation-wide 23,315 stands. Based on multiple regression analysis between site index and major environmental variables, the best-fit multivaliate models were made by each species and forest climatic zone. Most of site index prediction models by species were regressed with seven to eight factors, including altitude, relief, soil depth, and soil moisture etc. For those models, three evaluation statistics such as mean difference, standard deviation of difference, and standard error of difference were applied to the test data set for the validation of the results. According to the evaluation statistics, it was found that the models by climatic zones and species fitted well to the test data set with relatively low bias and variation. Also having above middle of site index range, total area of productive sites for the two Quercus spp. estimated by those models would be about 6% of total forest area. Northern temperate forest zone and central temperate forest zone had more productive area than southern temperate forest zone and warm temperate forest zone. As a result, it was concluded that the regressive prediction with site environmental variables by climatic zones and species had enough estimation capability of forest site productivity.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 1983

A survey was conducted on the vegetation of southern slope of Daecheong-bong, Mt. Seolag, Located at the northern part of Taebaek mountain chain in the Central Korea. The altitudinal zonation of the vegetation was analyzed by distribution pattern of dominant species along thermal gradient, In additiion to these procedure th plant sociological studies by Braun-Blanquet(1964) were carried out. It was recognized that the vegetation is consist of 16 associations including Quercus mongolica-Lindera obtusiloba. association and the forest zone is classified into southern, central and northern part of cool temperate forest and subarctic forest.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2001

한반도 남동부 산지대의 식생과 자연환경변천 과정을 밝히기 위하여 무제치늪(해발 52Om)의 퇴적물을 대상으로 화분분석과 $^{14}C$측정을 실시하였다. 그 결과 화분군은 냉온대 북부/고산지형 침엽.낙엽활엽혼합림 시대(MI), 냉온대 중부/산지형 낙엽활엽수림 시대(MIIa), 냉온대 남부/저산지형 침엽.낙엽활엽혼합림 시대(MIIb)로 변천하였음을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 현재 한반도 남동부 산지대에 분포하는 냉온대 낙엽활엽수림은 약 8,000yr B.P.부터 분포역을 확대하기 시작하였고. 약 6,700yr B.P.부터 지역적으로 분화 발달하였음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.191-203
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• 2006

본 연구는 중부 온대활엽수림을 대표하는 광릉 숲을 대상으로 산림성 조류가 숲의 내부와 가장자리를 어떻게 이용하는지 분석하고, 숲의 단편화로 인한 영향을 파악할 수 있도록 가장 자리 선호도에 따라 서식지 특이종을 파악하기 위해 실시되었다. 그 결과 조류의 풍부도는 숲의 내부와 가장자리에서 일관성 있는 결과를 얻지 못하였으며, 이는 숲 내부와 가장자리를 모두 이용할 수 있는 일반종의 출현 여부에 의해 크게 좌우되었다. 따라서 산림의 단편화가 산림성 조류에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해서는 전체 조류군집의 풍부도를 확인하는 것보다 특정 환경을 선호하는 서식지 특이종의 변화를 집중적으로 파악하는 것이 유리할 것으로 판단되었다. 선 조사법과 정점 조사법에 의해 얻어진 숲 내부와 가장자리의 서식밀도를 기준으로 서식지 특이종을 파악한 결과 숲새(U. squameiceps), 흰배 지빠귀(T. pallidus), 진박새(P. ater) 등 3 종이 숲 내부종으로 나타났으며 까치(P. pica), 꾀꼬리(O. chinensis)의 2 종은 숲 가장자리종으로 나타났다. 따라서 광릉 숲으로 대표되는 중부 온대활엽수림의 단편화에 의한 산림성 조류의 영향을 파악하기 위해서는 서식지 특이종으로 파악된 종을 대상으로 한 분포와 번식 등에 대한 모니터링이 필요하며, 특히 숲의 내부에 강한 선호도를 보이는 종에 대한 조사가 우선되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.