• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.1145-1148
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• 1999

In this paper we developed the communication protocol in which can transmitter receive a data and instruction in pressure and control computer. This system can dramatically increase production by maximize by control the error in central unit and monitoring. When developed these pressure automatic control system, it can be automation product in factory and decrease man-power.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Sericultural Science Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.74-74
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• 2003

Tetrapeptide FMRFamide, originally isolated and then characterized from the mollusc (Clam) Macrocallista, had been demonstrated to have action as a cardioexcitatory agent. During the next two decades since its discover, neuropeptide FMRFamide and a large family of related peptides have been shown to exist in the central nervous system and gut of a wide variety of invertebrates and vertebrates including insect species. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers Conference
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• 2003.08a
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• pp.18-27
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• 2003

The goal of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is to stabilize atmospheric CO2 concentration for preventing global warming in future. However, there are many unknown factors regarding stabilization of CO2 concentration. What level of concentration should be appropriate to prevent global warming？ When should we stop the increase of CO2 concentration\ulcorner What kind of countermeasures of reducing CO2 emission will be available for CO2 stabilization？(omitted)

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.1193-1208
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• 2021

Let 𝓐 be a von Neumann algebra with no central summands of type I₁. In this article, we study Lie n-derivation on von Neumann algebra and prove that every additive Lie n-derivation on a von Neumann algebra has standard form at zero product as well as at projection product.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.123-136
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• 1989

The purpose of this study was to decide the diagnostic value of transmaxillary and transcranial projection in the evaluation of mandibular condyles. Five dry skulls with intact anatomic structure were selected for this study and the artificial osteophytes were attached to 9 different are as of the mandibular condyle. Ninety transcranial and forty-five transmaxillary radiographs were taken and then the radiographs were evaluated three times. The results were as follows; In transcranial radiographs, superocentral osteophyte was easily observed in closing state than in opening state (p<0.05). But there were no significant differences in other locations (p>0.05). The osteophytes on the medial and central portion easily observed at the transmaxillary projection than transcranial projection (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference on the lateral portion (p>0.05). The osteophytes on the superior (p<0.01) and posterior (p<0.01.) portion were easily observed at the transmaxillary projection than transcranial projection, but there was no significant difference on the anterior portion (p >0.05). The more laterally located osteophytes (p<0.01) at the transcranial projections were easily observed. The more posteriorly located osteophytes (p<0.05) at the transmaxillary projections were easily observed.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.261-281
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• 2011

A new method of formulation of a class of elements that are immune to mesh distortion effects is proposed here. The simple three-noded bar element with an offset of the internal node from the element center is employed here to demonstrate the method and the principles on which it is founded upon. Using the function space approach, the modified formulation is shown here to be superior to the conventional isoparametric version of the element since it satisfies the completeness requirement as the metric formulation, and yet it is in agreement with the best-fit paradigm in both the metric and the parametric domains. Furthermore, the element error is limited to only those that are permissible by the classical projection theorem of strains and stresses. Unlike its conventional counterpart, the modified element is thus not prone to any errors from mesh distortion. The element formulation is symmetric and thus satisfies the requirement of the conservative nature of problems associated with all self-adjoint differential operators. The present paper indicates that a proper mapping set for distortion immune elements constitutes geometric and displacement interpolations through parametric and metric shape functions respectively, with the metric components in the displacement/strain replaced by the equivalent geometric interpolation in parametric co-ordinates.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.69 no.6
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• pp.615-626
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• 2019

The 3-noded metric Timoshenko beam element with an offset of the internal node from the element centre is used here to demonstrate the best-fit paradigm using function space formulation under locking and mesh distortion. The best-fit paradigm follows from the projection theorem describing finite element analysis which shows that the stresses computed by the displacement finite element procedure are the best approximation of the true stresses at an element level as well as global level. In this paper, closed form best-fit solutions are arrived for the 3-noded Timoshenko beam element through function space formulation by combining field consistency requirements and distortion effects for the element modelled in metric Cartesian coordinates. It is demonstrated through projection theorems how lock-free best-fit solutions are arrived even under mesh distortion by using a consistent definition for the shear strain field. It is shown how the field consistency enforced finite element solution differ from the best-fit solution by an extraneous response resulting from an additional spurious force vector. However, it can be observed that when the extraneous forces vanish fortuitously, the field consistent solution coincides with the best-fit strain solution.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.490-492
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• 2007

Purpose: Nipple reconstruction is an important step in breast reconstruction after mastectomy. There are considerable number of reconstructive methods developed over the past years. Each of these has not only its own special advantages, but also limitations. Therefore, no single method has become the overwhelming favorite. Sometimes it seems to be compromised when the nipple must be located directly over a linear scar. Methods: A 48-year-old female patient received a central lumpectomy with circumareolar resection of the nipple areolar complex 4 months ago. The newly designed nipple must be positioned directly astride a scar. We drew two equal-sized rectangular flaps sharing a common limb on a transverse scar and the result was two opposing plow form. Each flap size was about 1.3 cm wide and 2.5 cm long. First we elevated the flap from the distal part at a deep dermal plane, then deepened the level of dissection to raise the dermal-fat flaps. The donor site could be closed directly without any dog-ear deformity. Then we folded down the elevated flaps and loosely sutured skin with nonabsorbable materials. Each flap inner side was approximated side by side. Finally we made new natural nipple with 6 mm projection. We applied tattooing in the areola area with micropigmentation device after three months. Results: After ten months of follow-up periods, the nipple projection was stable and symmetric. The nipple projection was 3.1 mm, compared with 2.8 mm for the opposite nipple. Conclusion: Our experiences shows that this double opposing plow flap is a particularly useful and simple technique when there is a traverse scar crossing the center of the proposed nipple area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.253-262
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• 2017

In lateral projection imaging method of knee joint, a method that adjusts the incidence angle of central X-ray toward the head side to $5{\sim}7^{\circ}$ in true lateral position which is existing recommended is called imaging method A, Method of imaging the central X-ray perpendicular to the horizontal plane of the examination table toward the knee is called imaging method B, and a method in which the central X-ray is perpendicularly applied to the joints while the lateral side of the distal tibia is compensated by radiolucent materials is called as method C. After tests each imaging method to classified study subject respectively, the joint space distance and the distance between lateral and medial condyle of femur were measured and compared as the quantitative index from the three imaging methods. In addition, the convenience of each imaging method was confirmed through questionnaires to practician. According to the result of the quantitative index, there is no statistically significant difference in imaging method A and C(p>0.05). However, imaging method B showed a significant difference in both A and C(p<0.05). As a result of evaluating the convenience of the imaging method, imaging method A was relatively assessed lower in all items than imaging methods B and C, and as a small difference, imaging method B is assessed higher than C. In this study suggested new knee joint lateral projection imaging method, by using a simple support device, could describe joint space as not much different as existing recommended method without some complex process, and could increase convenience of the practician in the process of the imaging.

• Language and Information
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.39-55
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• 2001

This paper investigates the idiosyncratic understanding of universal quantifiers such as every, each or all by young children at the ages of 4 to 7, and argues that the phenomenon is explicable in terms of the maturation of both the cognitive system and the linguistic system. Evidence for this dual explanation comes from the fact that the visual input, a picture, plays a key role in determining the children's conceptual representation, suggesting the need for the central integration of visual and linguistic elements; and from the fact that a quantifier in the linguistic input has an intrinsic property, i.e. a <+focus> feature. I have tried to explain the nature of the cognitive factors in terms of the function of the central system, suggesting a modified form of Smith & Tsimpli's (1995) yersion of Fodor's (1983) modularity hypothesis. The categorial status of the quantifier in the children's interpretation is considered, focusing on the movement of that quantifier out of its own extended projection to FP. It is claimed that children initially treat quantifiers as modifiers, rather than functional heads, and that the phenomenon of quantifier spreading by children can be attributed to delay in the development of the relevant functional category, i.e., DP (or QP), in language acquisition.