• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.176-182
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• 2001

Some pharmacological activities of acanthoic acid, isolated from Acanthopanax koreanum root was investigated in animals. It is revealed that the compound had analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities without actions on central nervous system and showed inhibition of lipid peroxidation. The anti-inflammatory activity might be related to inhibition of prostaglandin E$_2$ synthesis in exudates of inflammation.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.331-335
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• 2005

The methanolic extract of Hibiscus vitifolius flowers (HVE), was evaluated for neurophamacological activities by carrying out rota rod, locomotor activity and traction performance in mice and swim endurance activity in rats in different dosages (10, 30 and 100mg/kg body weight). HVE showed a significant effect on central nervous system by increasing the time taken for rota rod, traction performance and locomotor activity while swimming time was found to be decreased when compared to normal control animals. These results suggest that HVE possess significant anxiolytic and anti depressant activity which may be attributed to the presence of flavonoid in HVE.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.89-92
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• 2005

The effects of acupuncture are complex and how it works is not entirely clear. Research suggests that the needling process, and other modalities used in acupuncture, may produce their complex effects on a wide variety of ways in the brain and the body. For example, it is theorized that stimulated nerve fibers transmit signals to the spinal cord and brain, thus activating parts of what is called the central nervous system. The spinal cord and brain then release certain hormones responsible for making us feel better overall and, more specifically, feel less pain. In fact, a study using images of the brain confirmed that acupuncture increases our pain threshold, which may explain its ability to produce long-term pain relief. Also, acupuncture may increase blood circulation and body temperature. It may also affect white blood cell activity (responsible for our immune function).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.45-46
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• 1995

Alzheimer's disease is believed to be associated with the loss of cholinergic activity in the cortex and hippocampus. In addition, it has been reported that the monoaminergic systems which also controls brain functions are disturbed in Alzheimer's patients. Based on these neurochemical background, a number of cholinesterase inhibitors including tacrine and its analogues and some monoamine oxidase inhibitors such as L-deprenyl and monoamine reuptake inhibitors have been developed for the treatment of dementia, but all of the known drugs are not truly effective. We thought that a drug that activates only one neurotransmitter system is not effective enough for the treatment of the symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia, and we conceived that an agent enhancing both central cholinergic and monoaminergic functions would be useful for the treatment of dementia

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2015

Recently, change of Western pattern diet and lifestyle is caused by various metabolic disorders and chronic diseases. These diseases need to take medicine regularly. Also, many people take health functional food, various vitamins and nutritional supplements in order to maintain a healthy life. But, there was no study about affects taking medicines against bacteria with gastrointestinal relevance. This study was performed by antibacterial activity test to evaluate the influence of a long time or commonly used medication. As a result, medicines of Vitamins & Minerals or Central nervous system show antibacterial activity against beneficial enteric bacteria and harmful enteric bacteria. Dexibuprofen of the Anti-inflammatory Drugs that acts on the central nervous system has shown high antibacterial activity at beneficial enteric bacteria strains (Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus rhamnosus) and harmful enteric bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). Also, fenofibric acid of the antilipemic agents that acts on the Cardiovascular & Hematopoietic system has shown high antibacterial activity at beneficial enteric bacteria strains (Lactobacillus casei). Vitamins & Minerals appeared antibacterial activity against most intestinal bacteria. Vitamin B-Complex/with C and vitamin C were especially high with beneficial enteric bacteria strains (Bifidobacterium infantis) and harmful enteric bacteria (E. coli, E. aerogenes, S. flexneri, S. Typhimurium, S. aureus). Therefore, these results indicate that variously taking medicines have generally antibacterial activity against harmful enteric bacteria strains and beneficial enteric bacteria strains.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-27
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• 1999

For experimental studies on the anticonvulsion effect and it was measured in mice that toxigenic effect, influence on the central nervous system, anticonvulsion effect, mechanism of anticonvulsion effect by change of GABA level and glutamic acid in brain, effect of the creation and degradation system of brain oxygen free radicals in convulsion. The results were obtained as follows: 1. Samulanshintang was perfect medicine without toxigenic effect. 2. Pretreatment of Samulanshintang did not influence on the central nervous system. 3. Pretreatment of Samulanshintang did not influence on maximal electric seizure(MES), strychnine, bicuculine and picrotoxin, but pentylenetrazol(PTZ)-induced convulsion significantly decreased. 4. Effect of Samulanshintang except for Jinsa on the PTZ-Induced convulsion decreased. 5. Effect of Samulanshintang fragrance(SMATF) and Samulanshintang distiled water(SMATW) on the PTZ-induced convulsion did not influence. 6. Decrease of brain GABA level in PTZ-induced convulsion was increased by pretreatment of Samulanshintang. 7. Decrease of brain glutathione content in PTZ-induced convulsion was increased by pretreatment of Samu- lanshintang. 8. GABA-T activity increased by PTZ-induced was controlled by the pretreatment of Samulanshintang. 9. Increase of brain lipid peroxide content in PTZ-induced convulsion was decreased by pretreatment of Samulanshintang. 10. Significant increase of brain xanthine oxidase and aldehyde oxidase activities in PTZ-induced was controlled by pretreatment of Samulanshintang. 11. Decrease of brain superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in PTZ-induced was decreased by pretreatment of Samulanshintang. From the above results, Samulanshintang was perfect medicine without toxigenic effect and was recognized anticonvulsion effect by decreasing brain glutamic acid level and increasing brain GABA level. Samulanshintang have an effect on creation and degradation system of brain oxygen free radicals in convulsion, thus it was considered that Samulanshintang could be applied in convulsive disorder as epilepsy, febrile seizure and spasm etc.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 1974

Results of an experiment on the behavior of rats and mice in order to explore the possible pharmacological actions of Panax ginseng upon the central nervous system can be summarized as follows: 1. Spontaneous motor activity. In the case of mice, those groups who were administered 2.5 mg and 5.0mg of ginseng saponin per kilogram of body weight were observed to have increased their activity compared with the control group, while the 50.0 mg and 100.0 mg per kilogram body weight groups demonstrated lower levels of activity, with the peak of activity appearing at 30 minutes after administration of drugs. In the case of rats, those groups of animals who were given injections in the dosage of 2.5 mg, 5.0 mg and 50.0 mg per kilogram body weight demonstrated higher activity than the control group, while the 100.0 mg per kilogram group appeared to have decreased in their activity, with the peak action appearing 30 minutes after the administration of ginseng saponin. The 50.0 mg per kilogram group demonstrated no significant differential. 2. General behavior analysis. In the case of mice, decrease in sleeping component of behavior and increase in the walking and roaring components, compared those with the control group, turned out to be a common phenomenon among the groups who were administered 2.5 mg, 5.0 mg and 50.0 mg of ginseng saponin per kilogram body weight, with the 5.0 mg per kilogram group standing out of all the other groups in terms of their reactions. In the case of rats, ginseng saponin appeared to reduce sleeping component with 2.5 mg, 5.0 mg and 50.0 mg per kilogram body weight groups, while increased the walking and rearing components. It was observed that administratoin of ginseng saponin in a dose of 2.5 mg per kilogram appeared to markedly increase the lying and grooming components of animal behavior. 3. Open-field exploratory behavior. Adminstration of ginseng saponin to mice in doses of 5.0 mg, 50.0 mg and 100.0 mg per kilogram body weight decreased activity, but increased their exploratory behavior. In the case of rats, however, administration of ginseng saponin in the doses of 2.5 mg and 5.0 mg per kilogram body weight markedly increased their activities, while decreased activities with the 50.0 mg per kilogram and 100.0 mg per kilogram groups. The exploratory behavior of rats appeared to have decreased, while grooming increased ramarkably. 4. The above findings from a series of experiment appear to suggest a stimulating effect on the central nervous system when ginseng saponin is administered in small doses, but that larger doses might result in an inhibitory effect, though differential results can be anticipated with modification of experimental conditions.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.756-763
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• 2002

We have previously demonstrated that repeated injections of nicotine produced an increase in locomotor activity, dopamine(DA), release and c-Fos expression in the nucleus accumbens, one of the major projection areas of the central DA system. Acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention is widely used for the treatment of many functional disorders such as substance abuse and mental dysfunction. And many studies have shown that Coptidis Rhizoma has a suppressive effect on the central nervous system (CNS) and can affect the neurotransmitter systems in the CNS. In order to investigate whether acupuncture and Coptidis Rhizoma have an influence on nicotine-induced reinforcing and behavioral effects, we examined the effect of zusanli(ST36) and Coptidis Rhizoma on repeated nicotine-induced locomotor activity, and zusanli(ST36) on c-Fos expression as an important maker of postsynaptic neuronal activity in nucleus accumbens. Male SD rats received Coptidis Rhizoma (100mg/kg, p.o.) 30 min before injections of nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, s.c.) for 7 days. Rats were followed withdrawal for 3 days and one challenge for 1 day. Systemic challenge with nicotine produced a much larger increase in locomotor activity. Pretreatment with acupuncture at zusanli(ST36, 100Hz) and Coptidis Rhizoma decreased in nicotine-induced locomotor activity. These results demonstrated that reduction in locomotor activity by acupuncture at zusanli(ST36, 100Hz) and Coptidis Rhizoma may be mediated by reduction of dopamine release. Our results suggest that acupuncture at zusanli(ST36, 100Hz) and Coptidis Rhizoma may have therapeutic effect on nicotine addiction.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.630-633
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• 2001

Central anticholinergic syndrome is defined as an absolute or relative reduction in cholinergic activity in the central nervous system and has a wide variety of manifestations. It is associated with almost any drug given during anesthesia, except neuromuscular relaxants, and treated with the cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine. The diagnosis of central anticholinergic syndrome is often made when symptoms resolve promptly after the administration of physostigmine. We present a case of a central anticholinergic syndrome diagnosed by treatment with physostigmine, in a patient who received closure of patent foramen ovale associated with stroke.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.219-227
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• 2001

Capsaicin. a vanillyl amide(8-methy1-N-vanilly1-6-nonenamide) with a molecular weight of 305.42, was substance, interrupting the pain conducting pathway Until recently the neurotoxic effects of Capsaicin to adult animals were thought to be limited to the peripheral nervous system. But several reports suggest the possibility of central nervous system changes after Capsaicin administration to the adult rat. Capsaicin desensitization is defined as long lasting, reversible suppression of sensory neuron activity. How fast and for how long the desensitization develops is related to the dose and time of exposure to Capsaicin, and the interval between consecutive dosing. In the long term Capsaicin treatment can lead to morphological degeneration and changes in some small sensory neurons, predominantly unmyelinated C fiber afferent nerve fibers. Clinical interest has recently been roused by evidence that Capsaicin's desensitizing action may be of therapeutic value and that an endogenous Capsaicin-1 ike substance may exist. This study summarizes the fundamental knowledge(mechanism, receptors, et al of Capsaicin) of Capsaicin for physical therapists.