• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.48 no.10
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• pp.754-761
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• 2010

Horizontal root fractures are defined as those that involve cementum, dentin and pulp, comprising from 0.5 to 7% of injuries in permanent dentition on dental trauma. Diagnosis is made through clinical findings and radiographic exams, the latter frequently being limited by the position of the fracture line. Treatment varies according to the displacement of crown portion and vitality of the fragments. Authors describe clinical cases of maxillary right central incisor with horizontal root fractures in dental clinic, Jeju National University Hospital.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.562-567
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• 1997

During the eruption of permanent teeth, Traumatic root fractures in young permanent incisors are rare. They occur most commonly in the maxillary central incisors of male patient and are frequently seen in the coronal third of the root. Permanent incisors are very important in terms of esthetics as well as of function, and so conservative treatment is advisable. It is important to maintain vitality of pulp to achieve better result. Location of the fracture line determines the Prognosis. No clinical change were seen in this three case. A case of central incisor with apparent healing of a root fracture without any tratment is presented in this paper. Long term clinical observation is required periodically.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.5 s.274
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• pp.388-391
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• 2007

Subclavian catheter insertion is now widely used because of its technical feasibility and effectiveness, but some complications related to this procedure have been noted. We present here a rare surgical case of post central line insertion mediastinitis with no mechanical complication.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.45-49
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• 2004

We examined large particles and filter size effects of Central Chemical Supplying (CCS) system for STI-CMP on Light Point Defects (LPDs) after polishing. As manufacturing process recently gets thinner below 0.1 um line width, it is very important to keep down post-CMP micro-scratch and LPDs in case of STI-CMP. Therefore, we must control the size distribution of large particles in a slurry. With optimization of final filter size, CCS system is one of the solutions for this issue. The oxide and nitride CMP tests were accomplished using nano-ceria slurries made by ourselves. The number of large particles in a slurry and the number of LPDs on the wafer surface after CMP were reduced with decrease of the final filter size. Oxide removal rates slightly changed according to the final filter size, showing the good performance of self-made nano ceria slurries.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

We present the results of a highly sensitive (${\sim}10$ mK rms) survey toward the central parts of 22 barred spiral galaxies in $^{12}CO(1-0)$ line using the NRAO 12m telescope at Kitt Peak. Seven of the target galaxies were detected in CO; NGC 3686 has been detected with CO for the first time. We estimated central CO fluxes of $50{\sim}1000\;Jy\;km\;s^{-1}$ and molecular gas masses of $10^7{\sim}10^8\;M_{\odot}$ for those galaxies.

• Publications of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.375-379
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• 2015

Planetary nebula in elliptical galaxies pose a problem in dark matter theory. Using data from the Planetary Nebula Spectrograph (PN. S), Romanowsky et al. (2003) reported that less dark matter than expected was found within 5 to 6 effective radii of three elliptical galaxies. We attempt to explain similar observations of elliptical galaxies with MOdified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND). We collect 16 elliptical galaxies with planetary nebulae from the public web data of PN. S. We investigate the dynamical behavior by analyzing the line-of-sight velocity dispersion in the framework of MOND.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.373-374
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• 2007

지중배전관로공사 설계시 고려할 사항은 지중배전관로 공수산정, 적정관로 선정, 매설위치 및 매설깊이, 관재의 선정, 관로의 경간, 관로배열 등이 고려되어야 한다. 관로공사비는 굴착깊이와 굴착폭에 의해 산정되고 이는 관로배열, 굴착지반의 토질에 따른 굴착구배, 용수여부, 도로관리기관의 조례, 다짐정도, 작업환경, 작업시간 등에 의해 변화하게 된다. 이런 현장조건 들은 설계자가 바꿀 수 없는 요소이지만 관로배열을 어떤 형태로 하여 매설할지는 설계자가 정하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 경제적인 관로배열을 선정하기 위해 관로공수별, 관로유형별 공사비를 산출하여 비교 검토하였고 현장에서의 공사시공성, 케이블의 허용전류 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 최적의 관로배열을 제시하였다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.491-492
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• 2007

한국전력공사는 급속도로 성장한 IT분야를 전력계통운영분야에 접목하여 세계적인 수준의 배전자동화기술을 보유하게 되었으며, 이로인하여 06년에는 호당정전시간 18.8분을 기록하는등 수준높은 전기품질을 공급할수 있게 되었다. 하지만, 전력수요의 증가로 회선당 공급전력은 대용량화 되어가고, 고객들이 전기품질에 대한 수준도 상향조정되어 과거보다 훨씬 높은 공급신뢰도가 요구되고 있는 것 또한 현실이다. 따라서 배전자동화를 통한 고장구간의 신속한 분리와 더불어 배전선로에 설치되는 보호기기의 적절한 배치와 운영으로 고장구간을 최소화하고, 고장을 예방하는 최적화 방안이 더욱 필요한 시점이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 현행 한전의 배전보호기기운영 상황을 분석하고 가공 배전선로에 운전되고 있는 CB Ry와 리클로져의 운영방안의 개선을 통하여 배선선로 보호협조 최적화 방안을 강구하여 보고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.2045-2050
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• 2008

The Autonomous station control system by applying the concepts of autonomous decentralized system is a system which can solve the problems of the current central control system. The Autonomous station control system tester developed in order to test for Autonomous station control system. The main function of tester is a time-deadline test, a schedule broadcast test, a route control test and a version-up test, etc. In the paper, we build the reliability of the Autonomous station control system by testing the Autonomous station control system tester. Also, the test enable the on-line test without the system interruption and verify the function of the Autonomous station control system developed by applying the concepts of Autonomous decentralized system to the current Central control system.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.4347-4351
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• 2015

Background: Previous studies showed that genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) were involved in glutathione metabolism and genetic polymorphisms of ribonucleotide reductase (RRM1) were correlated with DNA synthesis. Here we explored the effects of these polymorphisms on the chemosensitivity and clinical outcome in Chinese non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with gemcitabine-cisplatin regimens. Materials and Methods: DNA sequencing was used to evaluate genetic polymorphisms of GSTP1 Ile105Val and RRM1 C37A-T524C in 47 NSCLC patients treated with gemcitabine-cisplatin regimens. Clinical response was evaluated according to RECIST criteria after 2 cycles of chemotherapy and toxicity was assessed by 1979 WHO criteria (acute and subacute toxicity graduation criteria in chemotherapeutic agents). Results: There was no statistical significance between sensitive and non-sensitive groups regarding the genotype frequency distribution of GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism (p>0.05). But for RRM1 C37A-T524C genotype, sensitive group had higher proportion of high effective genotype than non-sensitive group (p=0.009). And according to the joint detection of GSTP1 Ile105Val and RRM1 C37A-T524C polymorphisms, the proportion of type A (A/A + high effective genotype) was significantly higher in sensitive group than in non-sensitive group (p=0.009). Toxicity showed no correlation with the genotypes between two groups (p>0.05). Conclusions: Compared with single detection of genetic polymorphisms of GSTP1 Ile105Val or RRM1 C37A-T524C, joint detection of both may be more helpful for patients with NSCLC to receive gemcitabine-cisplatin regimens as the first-line chemotherapy. Especially, genetic polymorphism of RRM1 is more likely to be used as an important biomarker to predict the response and toxicity of gemcitabine-cisplatin combination chemotherapy in NSCLC.