• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.725-728
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• 1999

The bridge slab of express railway was designed for high strength concrete (design strength 400kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$). In case the slab is made with the concrete using type I cement, used much amount of cement can cause cracks through concrete by hydration heat or dry shrinkage. In this study we targeted to solve above problems using type III cement. We could decrease the cement ratio in concrete using type III cement than type I cement. The concrete using type III cement showed good workability and compressive strength, and showed better properties in hydration heat and dry shrinkage than that using type I cement

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.224-229
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• 2018

OPC production requires high calorific value and emits a large amount of $CO_2$ through decarbonation of limestone, accounting for about 7% of $CO_2$ emissions. To reduce $CO_2$ emissions during the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) production process, there is a method of reducing the consumption of cement or lower temperature calcination for OPC product. In this study, for energy consumption reduction, we prepared Hauyne-belite cement by calcination at a low temperature compared to that used for OPC and studied the early hydration properties of the synthesized Hauyne-belite cement. We set the ratios of Hauyne and belite to 8 : 2, 5 : 5 and 3 : 7. For the hydration properties of the synthesized Hauyne-belite cement, we tested heat of hydration of paste and the compressive strength of mortar, using XRD and SEM for analysis of hydrates. As for our results, the temperature for optimum synthesis of Hauyne-belite is $1,250^{\circ}C$. Compressive strength of synthesized Hauyne-belite cement is lower than that of OPC, but it is confirmed that compressive strength of synthesized Hauyne-belite cement with mixing in of some other materials can be similar to that of OPC.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.149-158
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• 2022

Ladle furnace (LF) slag, waste from the steel-making process, was incorporated to improve the compressive strength of soil cement. LF slag was mixed to replace the cement in the soil-cement samples with wt% ratio 20:0, 15:5, and 10:10 of cement and slag, respectively. LF slag in the range of 5, 10, and 20 wt% was also separately added to the 20-wt% cement-treated soil samples. The soil-cement mixed LF slag samples were incubated in a plastic wrapping for 7, 14, and 28 days. The strength of soil cement was highly developed to be higher than the standard acceptable value (0.6 MPa) after incorporating slag into soil cement. The mixing of LF slag resulted in more hydration products for bonding soil particles, and hence improved the strength of soil cement. With the LF slag mixing either a replacement or additive materials in soil cement, the LF slag to cement ratio is considered to be less than 1, while the cement content should be more than 10 wt%. This is to promote a predominant effect of cement hydration by preventing the partially absorbed water on slag particles and keeping sufficient water content for the cement hydration in soil cement.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 2002

Impedance Spectroscopy (IS) has been used to study microstructure and hydration mechanism of cement pastes. In this work, the early hydration behaviour of portland cement paste with different blame values and contents of blast-furnace slag was investigated by IS. As slag was added to portland cement, the values of $R_{t(s+1)}$ (the solid-liquid phase resistance) and $R_{t(int)}$ were decreased in the early hydration period. It showed that hydration of cement paste containing slag was slower than it of the reference cement paste. As the content of slag was increased, the values of $R_{t(s+1)}$ was decreased. Furthermore, the diameter of semicircle, $R_{t(int)}$ observed at 72 hours was decreased with the increment of slag content. However, the values of $R_{t(s+1)}$ and $R_{t(int)}$ were increased with blame value of slag from the early hydration period.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.540-549
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• 2002

In this work, the hydration behaviour of portland cement pastes containing fly ash, blast-furnace slag and silica fume is investigated by Impedance Spectroscopy(IS). As fly ash or blast-furnace slag was added to portland cement, the values of R$_{t(s+1)}$ and R$_{t(s+1)}$ were decreased in the early hydration period. It showed that hydration of cement containing blending components was slower than it of the reference cement paste with the same W/C ratio. However, the cement paste containing silica fume had a large value of R$_{t(s+1)}$ and R$_{t(int)}$due to very rapid pozzolanic reactivity of silica fume in the hydration time. In OPC-fly ash system, a characteristic plateau region appeared between straight-line and semicircle. The plateau region continued to grow in range with the content of fly ash and the hydration time.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.46-51
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• 1999

Mass concrete structures have many critical points in service. The cracks caused by the heat of hydration is the most serious problem, so that many method ot control cracks(precooling, postcooling, etc) have been applied to construction. But cooling methods take high cost and many installation and limits of field. Therefore it is useful to use the low heat hydration cements for low cost. This paper describes the characteristics of a low heat cement mixing the ternary components of cement(portland cement, blast furnace slag, fly ash) recently developed for mass concrete, belite cement, low heat slag cement(belite base) and fly ash cement (belite base). The objective of this paper is to study on low heat cement about initial compressive strength and hydration heat.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.595-598
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• 2005

Recently, owing to the development of industry and the improvement of building techniques, the concrete structure is becoming larger and higher. In hardening these large concrete, the heat of hydration gives rise to considerable thermal stress depending on the size and environmental condition of concrete, which might cause thermal cracking. Especially, the crack may cause severe damage to the safety and the durability of concrete structure. This study is investigated the thermal properties of concrete according to several binder conditions, such as OPC, Belite rich cement(BRC), slag cement(SC), blast furnace slag (BFS) added cement, fly ash added cement and BFS-fly ash added cement. As a result of this study, the concrete made with BRC, fly ash($25\%$) added cement and BFS($35\%$)-fly ash($15\%$) added cement gets superior effect in the control of heat hydration.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.41-54
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• 2013

Concrete is known as a heterogeneous product which is composed of complex chemical composition and reaction. The development of concrete thermal effect during early age is critical on its future structural health and long term durability. When cement is mixed with water, the exothermic chemical reaction generates hydration heat, which raises the temperature within the concrete. Consequently, cracking may occur if the concrete temperature rises too high or if there is a large temperature difference between the interior and the exterior of concrete structures during early age hydration. This paper describes the contribution of novel Fabry-Perot (FP) fiber optic temperature sensors to investigate the thermal effects of concrete hydration process. Concrete specimens were manufactured under various water-to-cement (w/c) ratios from 0.40 to 0.60. During the first 24 hours of concreting, two FP fiber optic temperature sensors were inserted into concrete specimens with the protection of copper tubing to monitor the surface and core temperature change. The experimental results revealed effects of w/c ratios on surface and core temperature developments during early age hydration, as well as demonstrating that FP fiber optic sensors are capable of capturing temperature variation in the concrete with reliable performance. Temperature profiles are used for calculating the apparent activation energy ($E_a$) and the heat of hydration (H(t)) of concrete, which can help us to better understand cement hydration.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2013

The use of ground fly ash in concrete can increase the risk of slump loss due to the drastic surface change of the particles after the grinding treatment and the accelerated reaction compared to the untreated ash. This study is aimed at the early age hydration and time-dependent rheology changes of cement paste containing ground fly ash. An original fly ash is ground into different fineness and the hydration of cement paste containing the ground fly ash is monitored with the ultrasound propagation method. The zeta potentials of the solid particles are measured and the changes of rheological parameters of the cement pastes with time are analyzed with a rheometer. A particle packing model is used to probe packing of the solid particles. The results show that the early age hydration of the paste is strongly promoted by replacing Portland cement with fly ash up to 30 percent (by mass), causing increase of the yield stress of the paste. The viscosity of a paste containing ground fly ash is lower than that containing the untreated ash, which is explained by the denser packing of the solid particles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.61-65
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• 2008

This study, having combined and displaced blast furnace slag("BS" hereinafter) known as admixture material that delays hydration reaction with coarse particle cement("CC" hereinafter) collected in particle classification method during ordinary portland cement("OPC" hereinafter), reviewed the hydration heat characteristics affecting the concrete. To reduce hydration heat, the study plain-mixed which used 100% OPC for W/B 50% level 1, displaced CC at level 3 of 25%, 50% and 75% for OPC, and by displacing BS with admixture material at level 5 of 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% for cement(OPC+CC), experimented totally 16 batches. As a result of experiment, in the case of flow, the more CC displacement rate increased, the more it tended to decrease, and the more BS displacement rate increased, the more it decreased. Also, as for simple adiabatic temperature rise by the CC and BS displacement rates, it decreased as displacement rate increased, and particularly in the case of displaced BS of 80%, It showed temperature reduction effect of about 63% companing with plain. Compressive strength decreased in proportion to displacement rate, however strength reduction increment was shown to decrease with age progress.