• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 1983

전보에서 분리 동정한 Y-33 균주의 $\beta$-galactosise 효소생산조건을 검토하고 효소를 정제하여 정제효소의 성질을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 효소생산을 위한 최적초발 pH는 7.0이었고 최적온도는 $65^{\circ}C$이었다. 2. 효소는 lactose와 galactose에 의하여 유도되어졌으며 세포내효소이었다. 3. 조효소액을 1차 DEAE-cellulose, 2차 DEAE-cellulose column chromatography 및 Sephadex G-150로 gel filtration하여 정제도가 28.3배, 수율이 15.2%의 정제효소를 얻었다. 4. 정제효소는 polyacrylamide gel 전기 영동에 의하여 순도가 검정되었다. 5. 정제효소의 유당가수분해를 위한 최적작용 온도는 $65^{\circ}C$. pH는 6.5이었다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2015

In this study, dissolution characteristics of 60% LiBr aqueous solution for Miscanthus sinensis holocellulose in accordance with heating time and characteristics of regenerated films were analyzed. Miscanthus sinensis holocellulose was made by peracetic acid method. During the dissolution of 60% LiBr solution for the holocellulose, the dissolution was started from the tip of the cellulose fiber after about 7 minutes, and proceeded as it swollen like a balloon. A lot of Si was identified by analyzing hollocellulose regenerated film through SEM/EDS. Cross section of regenerated film as dissolution time till 40 minutes of dissolution showed multilayered structure and fiber orientation. But after 40 minutes, multilayered structure and fiber orientation was not observed. The crystal structure of the holecellulose was transformed cellulose I into cellulose II. Therefore, dissolution for 20 minutes with 60% LiBr solution in the condition of $190^{\circ}C$ hot plate was shown as an optimum condition to manufacture the holocellulose regenerated film.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.25-36
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• 2024

Purpose: Mucogingival defects (MGDs), such as dental root recessions, decreased vestibular depth, and absence of keratinized tissues, are commonly seen in dental clinics. MGDs may result in functional, aesthetic, and hygienic concerns. In these situations, autogenous soft tissue grafts are considered the gold-standard treatment. This study compares the healing process of free gingival grafts (FGGs) to bacterial cellulose matrix (BCM) and human acellular dermal matrix (ADM) seeded with fibroblasts from culture supplemented with platelet-rich plasma in a rat model. Methods: Surgical defects were made in rats, which received the following treatments in a randomized manner: group I, negative control (defect creation only); group II, positive control (FGG); group III, BCM; group IV, BCM + fibroblasts; group V, ADM; and group VI, ADM + fibroblasts. Clinical, histological, and immunological analyses were performed 15 days after grafting. Clinical examinations recorded epithelium regularity and the presence of ulcers, erythema, and/or edema. Results: The histological analysis revealed the degree of reepithelization, width, regularity, and presence of keratin. The Fisher exact statistical test was applied to the results (P<0.05). No groups showed ulcers except for group I. All groups had regular epithelium without erythema and without edema. Histologically, all groups exhibited regular epithelium with keratinization, and myofibroblasts were present in the connective tissue. The groups that received engineered grafts showed similar clinical and histological results to the FGG group. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that BCM and ADM can be used as cell scaffolds, with ADM yielding the best results. This study supports the use of this technical protocol in humans.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1984년도 학술대회지
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• pp.257-275
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• 1984

Enzymatic browning is considered desirable in tea and tobacco processing but undesirable in many fruits processing at the present time. It is necessary to understand the nature of the enzyme, phenoloxidase, in order to control browning reactions, and extend its effects to formation of browning products as antioxidants in ginseng. Ginseng exhibits antioxidant activity when incorporated with turkey dark meat patties. The activity in red ginseng showed about two times stronger than white ginseng. One of the phenolic antioxidants from fresh, white and reprocessed white ginseng was identified as phenol 2.6 Bis(1.1 dimethyl ethyl) 4-methyl among several unknown compounds by GC/mass spectrometer. In red ginseng, no phenol 2.6 Bis (1.1 dimethyl ethyl) 4-methyl was detected, the compound may be polymerized by phenoloxidase and form some higher molecular compounds which may possess high antioxidant activity. Phenoloxidase isozymes in fresh Korean ginseng (panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) were extracted with phosphate buffer at pH 7.3. The isozymes were purified through ammonium sulfate fractionation, dialysis and chromatography on a DEAE-cellulose column. Two groups of phenoloxidase were shown to be present, one in the floating agglomerated group and the other in the precipitate. group from the 0.85 saturation ammonium sulfate. The DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, the phenoloxidase isozyme present in the precipitate appears as the first peak (I), and that in the agglomerate in the second peak (II). Isozyme I showed higher activity with catechin and catechal, and isozyme II showed higher activity with p-cresol. The isozyme showed two optimum pH activity one at pH 4.5 and the other at 8.5 with catechin as substrate. Korean ginseng phenoloxidase has high heat stability. When heated at $75^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours, its activity remained $90\%\;and\;80\%$ on phenoloxidase I and II respectively. Phenoloxidase I was most active on (+) catechin followed by p-cresal, catechol and epicatechin. Phenoloxidase II was most active on p-cresal followed by (+) catechin, catechol, p-coumanic acid and epicatechin. Sodium bisulfite, sodium cyanide, ascorbic acid glutachion in the oxidized form, sodium diethyl dithiocarbomate and ethylendiamine tetra acetate (EDTA) acted as inhibitors. Red ginseng color development was initiated by phenoloxidase and finished by a followed sun drying process. The antiaging activity of ginseng may be initiated by the antioxidant in the ginseng.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.18-25
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• 1987

섬유성 물질을 자화(資化)하는 미생물을 자연계로 부터 분리하여 효소생산 및 당화조건을 검토하였다. 분리 균주 256주 중 효소생산에 가장 유효하다고 인정되는 Aspergillus fumigatus KC-1을 우수 균주로 선발하였다. 본 균은 alkaline peroxide로 전처리한 현사시 목분 1%를 탄소원으로하여 $45^{\circ}C$에서 진탕 배양시 4~5일째 효소생성(여지, Avicel, 탈지면, CMC, Salicine 및 Xylan 당화활성)이 최고치에 달했다. 효소의 최적 pH는 4.5, 최적온도는 $60^{\circ}C$였다. 본 균의 효소에 의한 현사시 목분의 가수 분해시 1 % NaOH와 20% 과초산으로 탈리그닌한 목분의 가수 분해율이 가장 높았고, 최종 산물로 glucose와 약간의 cellobiose 및 xylose가 검출되었다. 따라서 본균의 cellulase는 cellulose를 쉽게 glucose로 당화하는데 매우 유효한 효소로 판단되었다. 현사시 목분의 효소분해에 대한 탈리그닌 정도, 기질의 크기 및 농도의 영향도 아울러 검토하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.951-959
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• 2009

Most, if not all, Basidiomycetes mushrooms have biologically active polysaccharides showing potent antitumor activity with immunomodulating properties. These polysaccharides have various chemical compositions and belong primarily to the $\beta$-glucan group. In this study, the crude water-soluble polysaccharide HEF-P, which was obtained from the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation, was fractionated by DEAE-cellulose and Sepharose CL-6B column chromatographies. This process resulted in four polysaccharide fractions, named HEF-NP Fr I, HEF-NP Fr II, HEF-AP Fr I, and HEF-AP Fr II. Of these fractions, HEF-AP Fr II was able to upregulate the functional events mediated by activated macrophages, such as production of nitric oxide and expression ofcytokines (IL-1${\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$). The molecular mass of HEF-AP Fr II was estimated by gel filtration to be 13 kDa. Its structural characteristics were investigated by a combination of chemical and instrumental analyses, including methylation, reductive cleavage, acetylation, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results indicate that HEF-AP Fr II is a low-molecular-mass polysaccharide with a laminarin-like triple helix conformation of a ${\beta}$-1,3-branched-${\beta}$-1,6-glucan.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.1053-1060
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• 2010

Cordyceps militaris, an entomopathogenic fungus belonging to the class Ascomycetes, has been reported to have beneficial biological activities such as hypoglycemic, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antimetastatic, hypolipidemic, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant effects. In this study, the crude water-soluble polysaccharide CMP, which was obtained from the fruiting body of C. militaris by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation, was fractionated by DEAE-cellulose and Sepharose CL-6B column chromatographies. This process resulted in three polysaccharide fractions, termed CMP Fr I, CMP Fr II, and CMP Fr III. Of these fractions, CMP Fr II, with an average molecular mass of 127 kDa, was able to upregulate effectively the phenotypic functions of macrophages such as NO production and cytokine expression. The chemical property of the stimulatory polysaccharide, CMP Fr II, was determined based on its monosaccharide composition, which consisted of glucose (56.4%), galactose (26.4%), and mannose (17.2%). Its structural characteristics were investigated by a combination of chemical and instrumental analyses, including methylation, reductive cleavage, acetylation, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). Results indicated that CMP Fr II consisted of the (1${\rightarrow}$4) or (1${\rightarrow}$2) linked glucopyranosyl or galactopyranosyl residue with a (1${\rightarrow}$2) or (1${\rightarrow}$6) linked mannopyranosyl, glucopyranosyl, or galactopyranosyl residue as a side chain. The configuration of the ${\beta}$-linkage and random coil conformation of CMP Fr II were confirmed using a Fungi-Fluor kit and Congo red reagent, respectively.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.81-85
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• 2000

미생물로부터 고분자 물질을 생산하여 기능성 식품보조제로 사용하기 위한 일환으로 고점성의 biopolymer를 생산하는 균주를 분리하고 이 분리균에 대한 분류학적 성질 및 생성 biopolymer의 이화학적 성질을 조사하였다. 분리 균주는 Bacillus coagulans로 동정되었으며 Bacillus cuagulans CE-74라 명명하었다. Acetone과 ethanol 처리를 하여 crude biopolymer를 얻었으며, crude biopolymer를 DEAE-cellulose ion exchange cromatography, Sephadex G-100 및 Sepharose CL-2B를 사용하여 fraction I과 fraction II 두 분획을 분리 정제하였다. 분리된 분획의 구성 성분을 분석한 결과 당 성분은 검출되지 않았고, 아미노산 분석을 실시한 결과 fraction I은 lysine만으로 구성되어 있었으며, fraction II는 glutamic acid만이 검출되었다. 분자량은 fraction I은 약 42kD, fraction II는 약 $1.6{\times}10^3\;KD$로 추정되었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.40-46
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• 1986

제1보에서 보고한 Aspergillus niger CAD 1의 beta-galactosidase를 cellulose triacetate를 담체로 하여 고정화조건을 검토하였던바, 13%(v/v)의 정제된 효소와 10%(w/v)의 cellulose triacetate를 30분간, 150stroke/min으로 진탕하면서 포괄시킨 고정화 효소의 활성이 가장 좋았다. 고정화 효소의 최적온도는 $45^{\circ}C$, 최적 pH는 4.5로서수용성 효소의 것과 같았다. 기질로서 ONPG와 유당에 대한 Km값은 각각 $8.3{\timess}10^{-3}$과 $117.0{\times}10^3M$, Vmax값은 각각 $30.3{\times}10^3M$과 $5.0{\times}10^3M$이였다. 본 고정화 효소는 $4^{\circ}C$에서 90일간 저장시에 90%, $45^{\circ}C$에서 5회 사용후에 70%의 잔존활성을 나타냈으며 유당분해율도 좋았다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.7-15
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• 1981

우리나라에 대량조림(大量造林)되어 있는 일본잎갈나무는 기계(機械)펄프의 수율(收率)과 백색도(白色度)가 낮아 펄프재(材)로 이용(利用)되지 못하고 있다. 일본잎갈나무의 펄프재(材) 자원화(資源化)와 해예동력(解穢動力) 절약(節約)을 위하여 제지용 Asplund 펄프제조(製造)에서 셀롤로오스 안정제(安定劑)로서 $MgSO_4$, $ZnSO_4$, $Al_2(SO_4)_3$, KI을 택하고 고농도(高濃度) 과산화수소표백(過酸化水素漂白)과 과초산표백(過酢酸漂白)에서 그의 효과(效果)를 조사(調査)하고, ��의 알카리전처리(前處理)와 셀룰로오스안정제(安定劑)를 첨가(添加)한 알카리 전처리가 Asplund 펄프의 기존과산화수소표백(旣存過酸化水素漂白)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果) 다음과 같이 요약(要約)된다. 1. 0.5%의 셀룰로오스안정제(安定劑)는 염기(塩基)의 종류(種類)에 따라 PH가 다르고($MgSO_4$=PH 5.72, $ZnSO_4$=PH 4.95, $Al_2(SO_4)_3$=pH 2.85), PH에 따라 침전 PH 범위($MgSO_4$=PH6~13, $ZnSO_4$=PH5~12, $Al_2(SO_4)_3$=PH3~10)와 최대(最大)침전 PH($MgSO_4$=PH9~10, $ZnSO_4$=PH6~7, $Al_2(SO_4)_3$=PH3~4)가 달랐다. 2. 일본잎갈나무 Asplund펄프의 고온고농도(高溫高濃度) 과산화수소(過酸化水素) 및 과초산표백(過酢酸漂白)에서 유효(有效)한 셀룰로오스안정제(安定劑)로는 KI, $MgSO_4$, $ZnSO_4$였으나 그의 효과(效果)는 미미하였다. 3. ��의 알카리전처리는 무처리보다 기존과산화수소표백(過酸化水素漂白)에 효과적(效果的)이었으며, 펄프의 강도(强度)와 백색도(白色度)를 향상(向上)시켰으나 수율(收率)은 저하(低下)시켰다. 그러나 셀룰로오스안정제(安定劑) 첨가(添加)는 황산염(黃酸塩)으로 인한 PH저하(低下)를 초래하여 탄산(炭酸)소다 전처리수준(水準)이었으며 ��의 알카리전처리에 첨가(添加)한 셀룰로오스안정제중(安定劑中)에서 해섬후(解纖後)의 과산화수소표백(過酸化水素漂白)에 유효한(有效)한 ��은 $ZnSO_4$, $Al_2(SO_4)_3$와 KI였다. 4. 따라서 산화조건에 효과적(效果的)인 안정제(安定劑)는 KI, $MgSO_4$이나 환원조건에서는 착염(錯塩)인 Zn, Al 염(塩)과 KI가 효과적(效果的)인 것으로 생각된다.