• Mycobiology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.19-22
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• 2005

We investigated the effect of nitrogen fixing Azotobacter bioinoculant on the mycelial growth and the rate of substrate utilization by Pleurotus eous. The synergistic or antagonistic role of the microorganism during dual culturing with the mushroom or the competitor molds Trichoderma viride, and Trichoderma reesi was studied. Azotobacter was inhibitory to the molds, which are competitive to the mushroom in the seed spawn substrate, but was synergistic towards the mushroom. The growth, substrate utilization potential as total nitrogen content and cellulase enzyme activities of the mushroom in the seed spawn substrate were also enhanced in the presence of the bioinoculant at lower inoculum concentrations, upto 5 ml broth culture per spawn bottle.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.377-383
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• 1986

About 300 cellulolytic actinomycetes isolated from soils were tested for their cellulase activities estimated by means of filter paper swelling and carboxymethyl cellulose saccharifying activity. Then, 16 isolates which had shown relatively high levels of CMCase activity were selected and examined for their abilities of $\beta$-glucosidase production. Among them strain No. 109 was found to have highest level of intracellular $\beta$-glucosidase, and selected for the further studies. In this paper, the cultural, morphological and physiological properties, and cell wall composition of strain No. 109 were described in relation to the taxonomic status of this actinomycete. Based on the results obtained in these experiments strain No. 109 was identified to be a similar species to Streptomyces tanashiensis.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.271-276
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• 1991

The extractability and stability of ginkgoflavonolglycosides under presence of several cellulose preparations were investigated. The enzymes used were macerosin, cellulose C and cellulase NC. The content variation of the glycosides was measured with HPLC method, using caffeic acid as an internal standard. The methanol extract of ginkgo leaf, containing the total flavonolglycosides of 4.46%, was used for the content comparison. By extraction with the enzymes, each or mixed, the peak levels of all the glycosides began to decrease after 1 or 2 hours. After 24 hour extraction, most of the glycosides were degraded to minor components. The flavonolglycosides in ginkgo leaf were also hydrolysed simply by the water extraction. After 24 hour extraction with water at $40^{\circ}C$, the peak levels of major glycosides were distinctly decreased. Rutin was hydrolysed by enzyme treatment or by ginkgo leaf itself. As a result, it was concluded that the commercially available cellulases and the ginkgo leaf itself contain the activities of $\beta$-glycosidase and $\alpha$-rhamnosidase. Kaempferol-3-O-(6'"-O-p-coumaroylglucosyl)-rhamnoside and four other ginkgo flavonolglycosides were not hydrolysed under the same condition.tion.

• Mycobiology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.196-204
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• 2007

The growth and bioconversion potential of selected strains growing on cassava waste substrate during solid state fermentation were assessed. Rhizopus stolonifer showed the highest and the fastest utilization of starch and cellulose in the cassava waste substrate. It showed 70% starch utilization and 81% cellulose utilization within eight days. The release of reducing sugars indicating the substrate saccharification or degradation potential of the organisms reached the highest value of 406.5 mg/g by R. stolonifer on cassava waste during the eighth day of fermentation. The protein content was gradually increased (89.4 mg/g) on the eighth day of fermentation in cassava waste by R. stolonifer. The cellulase and amylase activity is higher in R. stolonifer than A. niger and P. chrysosporium. The molecular mass of purified amylase and cellulase seemed to be 75 KDal, 85 KDal respectively.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.22-28
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• 1998

The blended enzymes were applied for OCC recycling system to use the selective activities of various enzymes. Cellulase and hemicellulase were very effective in terms of the strength of recycled paper The effect of the addition of amylase on the drainage improvement indicates that the starch, which was used as an adhesive of corrugated container, deteriorates the drainage property in OCC recycling system. From the result of Scheffe's analysis, the combination of cellulase and amylase (50/50, w/w) were the most effective in improving the drainage properties with increased strength.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.538-538
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• 2000

Histochemical, cytochemical, and immmunocytochemical investigations were conducted to find out the cellulase activities in the accessory glands of the digestive system in the oriental land snail Nesiohelix samarangae under the LM, SEM, and TEM. It was found that the Type 1 and Type 3 cells out of five types of the epithelial cells of the digestive gland were labeled with the immunogold(protein-A gold) particles. Otherwise, none of epithelial cells of the mucus gland and the salivary gland were not labeled with the immunogold particles.

• Mycobiology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.118-120
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• 2011

The ability of Ganoderma to produce extracellular enzymes, including ${\beta}$-glucosidase, cellulase, avicelase, pectinase, xylanase, protease, amylase, and ligninase was tested in chromogenic media. ${\beta}$-glucosidase showed the highest activity, among the eight tested enzymes. In particular, Ganoderma neo-japonicum showed significantly stronger activity for ${\beta}$-glucosidase than that of the other enzymes. Two Ganoderma lucidum isolates showed moderate activity for avicelase; however, Ganoderma neojaponicum showed the strongest activity. Moderate ligninase activity was only observed in Ganoderma neo-japonicum. In contrast, pectinase, amylase, protease, and cellulase were not present in Ganoderma. The results show that the degree of activity of the tested enzymes varied depending on the Ganoderma species tested.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.97-101
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• 1984

To investigate the biodegradation pattern of rice straw, mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin components, by the isolate stran Bacillus subtilis $DO_4$, the change of cell population was observed on CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose), larch wood xylan and lignosulfonate as a carbon source respectively. Also, the transition pattern of enzyme activities of cellulase and xylanase and lignin contents was measured on rice straw and mixed substrate according to growth. The results in these experiments revealed that xylanase activity was first appeared and cellulase activity in the next, while lignin component was almost not changed through the culture period.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.122-125
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• 2022

The cellulose-fed microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a biotechnological process that directly converts lignocellulosic materials to electricity without combustion. In this study, the cellulose-fed, MFC-integrated thermophilic bacterium, Bacillus sp. WK21, with endoglucanase and exoglucanase activities of 1.25 ± 0.08 U/ml and 0.95 ± 0.02 U/ml, respectively, was used to generate electricity at high temperatures. Maximal current densities of 485, 420, and 472 mA/m² were achieved when carboxymethyl cellulose, avicel cellulose, and cellulose powder, respectively, were used as substrates. Their respective maximal power was 94.09, 70.56, and 89.30 mW/m³. This study demonstrates the value of the novel use of a cellulase-producing thermophilic bacterium as a biocatalyst for electricity generation in a cellulose-fed MFC.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.262-273
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• 2010

In the enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw and wood meals using extra-cellular enzymes from Fomitopsis palustris, key factors which enhanced the sugar conversion yield were investigated in this work, such as enzyme production and enzyme reaction conditions, surfactant effects, and the surface structure of substrates. F. palustris cultured with softwood mixture produced 12.0 U/$m{\ell}$ for endo-${\beta}$-1,4-gulcanase (EG), 116.68 U/$m{\ell}$ for ${\beta}$-glucosidase (BGL), 18.82 U/$m{\ell}$ for cellobiohydrolase (CBH), and 13.33 U/$m{\ell}$ for ${\beta}$-xylosidase (BXL). These levels of BGL, CBH, and BXL activities were two to four folds more than enzyme activities of F. palustris cultured with rice straw. The optimum reaction conditions of cellulase-RS which produced by F. palustris with rice straw and cellulase-SW which produced by F. palustris with softwood mixture were pH 5.0 at $45^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.0 at $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. The sugar conversion yield of cellulase-SW had the highest value of $40.6{\pm}0.6%$ within 72 h when rice straw was used as substrate. By adding 0.1% Tween 20 (w/w-substrate), the sugar conversion yield of rice straw was increased to 44%, which was about four fifths sugar conversion yield of commercial enzyme, Celluclast 1.5L (Novozyme A/S). A low crystallinity and an intensive fibril surface observed by the scanning electron microscope may explain the high sugar conversion yield of rice straw.