• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2015

Because Schwann cells perform the triple tasks of myelination, axon guidance and neurotrophin synthesis, they are candidates for cell transplantation that might cure some types of nervous-system degenerative diseases or injuries. However, Schwann cells are difficult to obtain. As another option, ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) can be easily harvested from the nasal respiratory mucosa. Whether fibrin, an important transplantation vehicle, can improve the differentiation of EMSCs into Schwann-like cells (SLCs) deserves further research. EMSCs were isolated from rat nasal respiratory mucosa and were purified using anti-CD133 magnetic cell sorting. The purified cells strongly expressed HNK-1, nestin, $p75^{NTR}$, S-100, and vimentin. Using nuclear staining, the MTT assay and Western blotting analysis of the expression of cell-cycle markers, the proliferation rate of EMSCs on a fibrin matrix was found to be significantly higher than that of cells grown on a plastic surface but insignificantly lower than that of cells grown on fibronectin. Additionally, the EMSCs grown on the fibrin matrix expressed myelination-related molecules, including myelin basic protein (MBP), 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) and galactocerebrosides (GalCer), more strongly than did those grown on fibronectin or a plastic surface. Furthermore, the EMSCs grown on the fibrin matrix synthesized more neurotrophins compared with those grown on fibronectin or a plastic surface. The expression level of integrin in EMSCs grown on fibrin was similar to that of cells grown on fibronectin but was higher than that of cells grown on a plastic surface. These results demonstrated that fibrin not only promoted EMSC proliferation but also the differentiation of EMSCs into the SLCs. Our findings suggested that fibrin has great promise as a cell transplantation vehicle for the treatment of some types of nervous system diseases or injuries.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2001

The identification of tumor-specific antigens has represented a critical milestone in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Clinical research in this area for leukemia has also been driven over the past few decades by the hope that surface antigens with restricted tissue expression would be identified. Disappointingly, only a small number of the leukemic antigens identified to date, meet sufficient criteria to be considered viable immunophenotypic markers. In this paper, we nominate anti-JL1 monoclonal antibody as an immunodiagnostic and immunotherapeutic candidate for leukemia. The JL1 molecule appears to be a novel cell surface antigen, which is strictly confined to a subpopulation of limited stages during the hematopoietic differentiation process. Despite the restricted distribution of the JL1 antigen in normal tissues and cells, anti-JL1 monoclonal antibody specifically recognizes various types of leukemia, irrespective of immunophenotypes. On the basis of these findings, we propose JL1 antigen as a tumor-specific marker, which shows promise as a candidate molecule for diagnosis and immunotherapy in leukemia, and one that spares normal bone marrow stem cells.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.386-392
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• 2017

Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are multipotent stem cells derived from periodontium and have mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like characteristics. Recently, the perivascular region was recognized as the developmental origin of MSCs, which suggests the in vivo angiogenic potential of PDLSCs. In this study, we investigated whether PDLSCs could be a potential source of perivascular cells, which could contribute to in vivo angiogenesis. PDLSCs exhibited typical MSC-like characteristics such as the expression pattern of surface markers (CD29, CD44, CD73, and CD105) and differentiation potentials (osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation). Moreover, PDLSCs expressed perivascular cell markers such as NG2, ${\alpha}-smooth$ muscle actin, platelet-derived growth factor receptor ${\beta}$, and CD146. We conducted an in vivo Matrigel plug assay to confirm the in vivo angiogenic potential of PDLSCs. We could not observe significant vessel-like structures with PDLSCs alone or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) alone at day 7 after injection. However, when PDLSCs and HUVECs were co-injected, there were vessel-like structures containing red blood cells in the lumens, which suggested that anastomosis occurred between newly formed vessels and host circulatory system. To block the $SDF-1{\alpha}$ and CXCR4 axis between PDLSCs and HUVECs, AMD3100, a CXCR4 antagonist, was added into the Matrigel plug. After day 3 and day 7 after injection, there were no significant vessel-like structures. In conclusion, we demonstrated the perivascular characteristics of PDLSCs and their contribution to in vivo angiogenesis, which might imply potential application of PDLSCs into the neovascularization of tissue engineering and vascular diseases.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.337-342
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• 2019

이 연구의 목적은 발치한 매복 과잉치에서 얻은 치수 유래 세포의 줄기세포 특성을 유세포 분석을 통해 알아보는 것이다. 15명의 환자로부터 채취한 정중 과잉치의 치수 세포를 계대 배양하였고, 3계대와 10계대 세포들을 유세포 분석을 이용하여 분석하였다. 간엽성 줄기세포 표지자 관찰에 사용된 항체 표지자(CD)는 양성 표지자로는 CD 73, CD 90, 그리고STRO-1 와 음성 표지자로는 CD 34, CD 45 이었다. 3계대에서 CD 73, CD 90은 각각 94.82%, 98.86%의 양성반응을, CD 34, CD 45는 각각 2.25%, 2.52%로 음성 반응을 보였으며, STRO-1은 20.93%를 나타냈다. 10계대에서는 CD 73, CD 90은 각각 96.62%, 98.61%의 발현을 보였지만, CD 34, CD 45는 각각 3.86%, 4.14%를 나타냈다. STRO-1은 35.62%로 발현되었다. 이상의 결과에서 과잉치 치수 유래 세포는 간엽성 줄기세포의 특성을 가지며, 3계대와 10계대 모두에서 간엽성 줄기세포의 특성을 유지하고 있다고 사료된다. 이에 빠른 성장 속도와 늦은 계대까지 유지되는 줄기세포능을 고려할 때, 치아 유래 줄기세포의 공여부로서 매복 과잉치의 충분한 활용 가능성을 확인하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권11호
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• pp.1379-1385
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• 2018

당사슬은 당단백질과 단백당에 결합하며, 일반적으로 세포의 최외각 표면에서 발견된다. O-연결 당사슬과 N-연결 당사슬은 진핵세포에 흔히 존재하는 당사슬이며 원핵세포에서도 발견된다. 세포 표면에 존재하는 당사슬과 주변에 동일한 종류의 세포막에 노출된 당사슬 결합 단백질과의 상호작용, 전혀 다른 종류의 세포와의 상호작용, 또는 질병 유발 균주와 바이러스와의 상호작용은 생물학 및 의생명과학에 있어서 질병원인물질 인식, 세포 이동, 세포간의 결합, 발생, 그리고 감염 등과 같은 과정에 있어서 매우 중요한 역할을 담당한다. 각종 질병 상황에서의 당사슬의 프로파일의 변화와 역할은 당사슬이 질병 진단 마커로 활용할 가능성을 제시한다. 이에 더하여, 기존의 많은 선행 연구들에서, 재조합 단백질 의약품에 결합된 당사슬은 재조합 단백질 의약품의 용해도, 약동역학, 약물 활성, 생체활성, 안전성을 적절하게 유지하고 결정짓는데 중요한 요소가 된다. 게다가, 암의 발생과 진전의 영향으로 인해 당사슬 가지 끝에 결합하는 시알릭산의 당질화 양상의 변화는 세포와 세포간 상호작용, 인식 그리고 면역 반응에 매우 중요한 요소로 작용한다. 본 총설에서는 당사슬의 생물학적인 기능에 대한 전반적인 이해를 돕고, 당질화 현상과 질병 진단 및 질병 치료 기법간의 상호 연관성을 간략히 설명하고자 한다. 추가적으로 혈액 내 혈청에 존재하는 당사슬의 프로파일의 변화를 분석하는 대량효능검색 방법과 이로 인해 유도되는 생화학적 작용 기작을 살펴보았다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2018

Background: Chronic pain reportedly exerts complex effects on immune function. Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that play a critical role in cellular and innate immunity. This study examined changes in the subset populations and cytotoxic activity of peripheral blood NK cells in patients with chronic pain. Methods: Thirty patients with chronic moderate-to-severe pain (group P) and age-matched pain-free subjects (group NoP) were enrolled. Peripheral whole blood was analyzed for the percentage and expression of NK cell surface markers (CD56 and CD16) by flow cytometry. Cytotoxic activity was assayed by evaluating CD69 expression on $CD3^-/CD56^+NK$ cells. Results: The percentage of NK cells among total lymphocytes was not significantly different between groups P and NoP ($16.3{\pm}9.3$ vs. $20.2{\pm}10.5%$). Likewise, the percentages of two major NK cell subsets, $CD56^{bright}$ and $CD56^{dim}$, were also not significantly different between the two groups. However, the percentage of $CD56^{bright}/CD16^+$ subset, was slightly but significantly increased in group P ($1.0{\pm}0.9%$; P< 0.01) compared with group NoP ($0.5{\pm}0.6%$). The cytotoxicity of NK cells was not different between the two groups, showing similar CD69 expression (P vs. $NoP=29.2{\pm}15.2$ vs. $32.0{\pm}15.0%$). These findings were not influenced by pain intensity, opioid use, or disease causing pain in group P. Conclusions: NK cell cytotoxic activity and major subset populations, with the exception of an increased percentage of the $CD56^{bright}/CD16^+$ subset, are not significantly altered in patients with chronic severe pain.

• 대한음성언어의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성언어의학회 2003년도 제19회 학술대회
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• pp.183-183
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• 2003

Background and Objectives : Cartilage reconstruction is one of medical issue in otolaryngology. Tissue engineering is presently being utilized in part of cartilage repair. Sources of cells for tissue engineering are chondrocyte from mature cartilage and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells that are able to differentiate into chondrocyte. Recent studies have shown that adipose tissue have mesenchymal stem cells which can differentiate into adipogenic, chondrogenic myogenic osteogenic cells and neural cell in vitro. In this study, we have examined chondrogenic potential of the canine adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cell(ATSC). Materials and Methods : We harvested canine adipose tissue from inguinal area. ATSCs were enzymatically released from canine adipose tissue. Under appropriate culture conditions, ATSCs were induced to differentiate into the chondrocyte lineages using micromass culture technique. We used immunostain to type II collagen and toluidine blue stain to confirm chondrogenic differentiation of ATSCs. Results : We could isolate ATSCs from canine adipose tissue. ATSCs expressed CD29 and CD44 which are specific surface markers of mesenchymal stem cell. ATSCs differentiated into micromass that has positive response to immunostain of type II collagen and toluidine blue stain. Conclusion : In vitro, ATSCs differentiated into cells that have characteristic cartilage matrix molecules in the presence of lineage-specific induction factors. Adipose tissue may represent an alternative source to bone marrow-derived MSCs.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.186-196
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• 2010

Introduction: The first aim of this study was to isolate the dental tissue-derived stem cells from the dental follicle (DF), dental pulp (DP), and root apical papilla (RAP) of the extracted wisdom teeth. Second was to evaluate their characterization with the expressions of transcription factors and cell surface markers. Finally, their ability of the in vitro multi-lineage differentiations into osteogenic and adipogenic cells were compared, respectively. Materials and Methods: Dental tissues, including dental follicle, dental pulp, and root apical papilla, were separated in the extracted wisdom teeth. These three dental tissues were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) with supplements, respectively. After passage 3, the homogeneous shaped dental tissue-derived cells were analyzed the expression of transcription factors (Oct-4, Nanog and Sox-2) and cell surface markers (CD44, CD90 and CD105) with reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. In order to evaluate in vitro multi-lineage differentiations, the culture media were changed to the osteogenic and adipogenic induction mediums when the dental tissue-derived cells reached to passage 3. The characteristics of these three dental tissue-derived cells were compared with immunohistochemistry. Results: During primary culture, heterogenous and colony formatted dental tissue-derived cells were observed in the culture plates. After passage 2 or 3, homogenous spindle-like cells were observed in all culture plates. Transcription factors and mesenchymal stem cell markers were positively observed in all three types of dental tissue-derived cells. However, the quantity of expressed transcription factors was most large in RAP-derived cells. In all three types of dental tissue-derived cells, osteogenic and adipogenic differentiations were observed after treatment of specific induction media. In vitro adipogenic differentiation was similar among these three types of cells. In vitro osteogenic differentiation was most strongly and frequently observed in the RAP-derived cells, whereas rarely osteogenic differentiation was observed in the DP-derived cells. Conclusion: These findings suggest that three types of human dental tissue-derived cells from extracted wisdom teeth were multipotent mesenchymal stem cells, have the properties of multi-lineage differentiations. Especially, stem cells from root apical papilla (SCAP) have much advantage in osteogenic differentiation, whereas dental follicle cells (DFCs) have a characteristic of easy adipogenic differentiation.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.402-408
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• 2013

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface properties and in vitro bioactivity to osteoblasts of magnesium and magnesium-hydroxyapatite coated titanium. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Themagnesium (Mg) and magnesium-hydroxyapatite (Mg-HA) coatings on titanium (Ti) substrates were prepared by radio frequency (RF) and direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering.The samples were divided into non-coated smooth Ti (Ti-S group), Mg coatinggroup (Ti-Mg group), and Mg-HA coating group (Ti-MgHA group).The surface properties were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The surface roughness was evaluated by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Cell adhesion, cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were evaluated using MC3T3-E1 cells. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis was performed. RESULTS. Cross-sectional SEM images showed that Mg and Mg-HA depositionson titanium substrates were performed successfully. The surface roughness appeared to be similaramong the three groups. Ti-MgHA and Ti-Mg group had improved cellular responses with regard to the proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and bone-associated markers, such as bone sialoprotein (BSP) and osteocalcin (OCN) mRNA compared to those of Ti-S group. However, the differences between Ti-Mg group and Ti-MgHA group were not significant, in spite of the tendency of higher proliferation, ALP activity and BSP expression in Ti-MgHA group. CONCLUSION. Mg and Mg-HAcoatings could stimulate the differentiation into osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, potentially contributing to rapid osseointegration.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.559-566
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• 2017

본 연구는 자소엽 조다당 추출물(PCP)의 면역활성에 관하여 알아보기 위하여, 선천면역계의 대표적인 면역세포인 수지상세포 및 후천면역계의 대표적인 면역세포인 비장세포에 PCP를 처리하여 면역세포의 면역활성능에 관하여 측정하였다. 수지상세포에 PCP를 1, 5 및 $10{\mu}g/mL$의 농도를 처리한 결과, 세포생존율이 $103.4{\pm}3.8$, $108.8{\pm}2.1$, $117.8{\pm}3.3%$ (n =3)로 나타나 세포독성을 유발하지 않았으며, 주요 면역활성 인자인 산화질소의 분비능을 관찰한 결과, 각각 $2.7{\pm}0.2$, $4.5{\pm}0.2$, $7.3{\pm}0.3{\mu}M$ (n =3)로 농도 의존적으로 나타났다. 농도(1, 5 및 $10{\mu}g/mL$)별 PCP 처리구에서 사이토카인의 분비능을 관찰한 결과, TNF-${\alpha}$ ($372.3{\pm}0.32$, $604.8{\pm}0.54$ 및 $954.2{\pm}1.32pg/mL$), IL-6 ($508.4{\pm}0.39$, $761.5{\pm}1.34$ 및 $1038.5{\pm}1.67pg/mL$), IL-$1{\beta}$ ($314.5{\pm}1.04$, $524.8{\pm}1.89$ 및 $664.8{\pm}0.89pg/mL$), IL-12 ($321.4{\pm}0.94$, $832.5{\pm}0.85$ 및 $901.{\pm}0.94pg/mL$)가 유의적으로 증가되는 것으로 관찰되었다. 또한 후천면역에서 중요한 역할을 수행하는 면역 T 세포가 다량으로 분포하는 비장 조직으로부터 비장세포를 분리하여 PCP를 처리하였을 때, 세포 증식능이 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 면역활성을 유도하는 Th1 세포가 분비하는 사이토카인의 함량 또한 유의적으로 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 볼 때 PCP의 처리는 선천면역뿐만 아니라 후천면역에 관여하는 다양한 면역세포의 활성화에 직간접적으로 관여하는 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구는 자소엽조다당 추출물의 면역활성 유도 효과에 관한 가능성을 제시하였고, 향후 자소엽 조다당 추출물을 분리 및 정제과정을 통하여 구조분석 및 정제된 조다당 추출물의 정확한 면역활성과 면역활성기전에 관한 면밀한 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.