• Title/Summary/Keyword: cell runoff

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GIS Application Model for Spatial Simulation of Surface Runoff from a Small Watershed(I) (소유역 지표유출의 공간적 해석을 위한 지리정보시스템의 응용모형(I) -격자 물수지 모형의 개발 및 적용-)

  • 김대식;정하우
    • Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.37 no.3_4
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    • pp.23-33
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    • 1995
  • Geographic data which are difficult to handle by the characteristics of spatial variation and variety turned into a possibility to analyze with tlie computer-aided digital map and the use of Geographic Information System(GIS). The purpose of this study is to develop and apply a GIS application model (GISCELWAB) for the spatial simulation of surface runoff from a small watershed. This paper discribes the modeling procedure and the applicability of the cell water balance model (CELWAB) which calculates the water balance of a cell and simulates surface runoff of watershed simultaneously by the interaction of cells. The cell water balance model was developed to simulate the temporal and spatial storage depth and surface runoff of a watershed. The CELWAB model was constituted by Inflow-Outflow Calculator (JOC) which was developed to connect cell-to-cell transport mechanism automatically in this study. The CELWAB model requests detail data for each component of a cell hydrologic process. In this study, therefore, BANWOL watershed which have available field data was selected, and sensitivity for several model parameters was analyzed. The simulated results of surface runoff agreed well with the observed data for the rising phase of hydrograph except the recession phase. Each mean of relative errors for peak discharge and peak time was 0.21% and2.1 1% respectively. In sensitivity analysis of CELWAB , antecedent soil moisture condition(AMC) affected most largely the model.

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Estimation of Watershed Parameters and Runoff Computation Using GIS (GIS를 이용한 유역매개변수의 추정 및 유출량 산정)

  • Lee, Im-Keun;Ahn, Kyung-Soo
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.40 no.1 s.174
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    • pp.11-24
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    • 2007
  • There exist various difficulties in runoff analysis due to many ungauged basins in Korea and the runoff phenomena is also more and more complicated by the change of geologic characteristics due to the urbanization. So, we use GIS technique which is widely used in hydrologic field and cell runoff concept for the fast and effective runoff simulation. This study uses the observations of 6 stage stations in Wi-Cheon watershed and simulates the watershed parameters by using WMS model. We construct DEM by the grids which are consisted based on the criteria of minimum area according to land use. The cell runoff is estimated by an average weighted method using mean annual streamflow and mean maximum daily streamflow obtained from six stage stations. The runoff ratio at arbitrary site is estimated by conducting the direction analysis of streamflow and by removing sinkhole. We compare the simulated and observed runoffs and know that the simulated runoff shows the valid results. So, we could use the geographical information and cell runoff concept for more fast and effective runoff simulation studies.

The Characteristics and Experimental Application of AGNPS Model for Pollution Predicting in Small Watershed (소유역 오염예측모형 AGNPS 의 특성과 실험적 적용)

  • Choi, Jin-Kyu;Lee, Myung-Woo;Son, Jae-Gwon
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.47-56
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    • 1994
  • AGNPS model is an event-based model to analyze nonpoint-source and to examine potential water quality problems from agricultural watershed. This model uses a square grid-cell system to represent the spatial variability of watershed conditions, and simulates runoff, sediment, and nutrient transport for each cell. AGNPS model was applied on Yeonwha watershed, and the test results were compared with the measured data for runoff volume, peak runoff rate, suspended solids, and phosphorus concentration. The watershed of 278.8 ha was divided into 278 cells, each of which was 1 ha in size. The coefficients of determination for runoff volume and peak flow were (0.893 and 0.801 respectively from regression of the estimated values on the measured values. The concentration of suspendid solid was increased but decreased that of phosphate with runoff volume.

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GIS Application Model for Spatial Simulation of Surface Runoff from a Small Watershed( II) (소유역 지표유출의 공간적 해석을 위한 지리정보시스템의 응용모형(II) - 격자 물수지 모형을 위한 GIS응용 모형 개발 -)

  • 김대식;정하우;김성준;최진용
    • Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.37 no.5
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    • pp.35-42
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    • 1995
  • his paper is to develop a GIS application model (GISCELWAB) for the spatial simulation of surface runoff from a small watershed. The model was constituted by three submodels : The input data extraction model (GISINDATA) which prepares cell-based input data automatically for a given watershed, the cell water balance model (CELWAB) which calculates the water balance for a cell and simulates surface runoff of watershed simultaneously by the interaction of cells, and the output data management model (GISOUTDISP) which visualize the results of temporal and spatial variation of surface runoff. The input data extraction model was developed to solve the time-consuming problems for the input-data preparation of distributed hydrologic model. The input data for CELWAB can be obtained by extracting ASCII data from a vector map. The output data management model was developed to convert the storage depth and discharge of cells into grid map. This model enables to visualize the spatial formulation process of watershed storage depth and surface runoff wholly with time increment.

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Applications of AGNPS model with rural watersheds having complex land use characteristics (복합 토지이용 특성의 농촌유역에 대한 농업비점원오염모형의 적용)

  • 조재필;박승우;강문성
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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    • 1998.10a
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    • pp.353-358
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    • 1998
  • GRASS-AGNPS model integrated with GIS was applied to rural watersheds having complex land use characteristics and evaluated for its applicability through calibration using observed data. The analyses of raster encoding accuracy and model behavior to runoff, sediment yields and nutrient loads for different cell-size showed that 150 m cell size indicated reasonable applicability of the model. Simulated runoff was in a good agreement with the observed data and simulated peak runoff rate was larger than the observed data. The sediment yield simulated by modified AGNPS model using irregular cell for forest area were less than that of the regular cell method. In predicting sediment yields, the result showed a different trend at each representative rural watershed. Nutrient loads simulated by the model were significantly different from the observed data.

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Decision of GIS Optimum Grid on Applying Distributed Rainfall-Runoff Model with Radar Resolution (레이더 자료의 해상도를 고려한 분포형 강우-유출 모형의 GIS 자료 최적 격자의 결정)

  • Kim, Yon-Soo;Chang, Kwon-Hee;Kim, Byung-Sik;Kim, Hung-Soo
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.105-116
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    • 2011
  • Changes in climate have largely increased concentrated heavy rainfall, which in turn is causing enormous damages to humans and properties. Therefore, the exact relationship and the spatial variability analysis of hydrometeorological elements and characteristic factors is critical elements to reduce the uncertainty in rainfall -runoff model. In this study, radar rainfall grid resolution and grid resolution depending on the topographic factor in rainfall - runoff models were how to respond. In this study, semi-distribution of rainfall-runoff model using the model ModClark of Inje, Gangwon Naerin watershed was used as Gwangdeok RADAR data. The completed ModClark model was calibrated for use DEM of cell size of 30m, 150m, 250m, 350m was chosen for the application, and runoff simulated by the RADAR rainfall data of 500m, 1km, 2km, 5km, 10km from 14 to 17 on July, 2006. According to the resolution of each grid, in order to compare simulation results, the runoff hydrograph has been made and the runoff has also been simulated. As a result, it was highly runoff simulation if the cell size is DEM 30m~150m, RADAR rainfall 500m~2km for peak flow and runoff volume. In the statistical analysis results, if every DEM cell size are 500m and if RADAR rainfall cell size is 30m, relevance of model was higher. Result of sensitivity assessment, high index DEM give effect to result of distributed model. Recently, rainfall -runoff analysis is used lumped model to distributed model. So, this study is expected to make use of the efficiently decision criteria for configurated models.

Study on Runoff Variation by Spatial Resolution of Input GIS Data by using Distributed Rainfall-Runoff Model (분포형 강우-유출 모형의 입력자료 해상도에 따른 유출변동 연구)

  • Jung, Chung Gil;Moon, Jang Won;Lee, Dong Ryul
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.47 no.9
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    • pp.767-776
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    • 2014
  • Changes in climate have largely increased concentrated heavy rainfall, which in turn is causing enormous damages to humans and properties. Floods are one of the most deadly and damaging natural disasters known to mankind. The flood forecasting and warning system concentrates on reducing injuries, deaths, and property damage caused by floods. Therefore, the exact relationship and the spatial variability analysis of hydrometeorological elements and characteristic factors is critical elements to reduce the uncertainty in rainfall-runoff model. In this study, grid resolution depending on the topographic factor in rainfall-runoff models presents how to respond. semi-distribution of rainfall-runoff model using the model GRM simulated and calibrated rainfall-runoff in the Gamcheon and Naeseongcheon watershed. To run the GRM model, input grid data used rainfall (two event), DEM, landuse and soil. This study selected cell size of 500 m(basic), 1 km, 2 km, 5 km, 10 km and 12 km. According to the resolution of each grid, in order to compare simulation results, the runoff hydrograph has been made and the runoff has also been simulated. As a result, runoff volume and peak discharge which simulated cell size of DEM 500 m~12 km were continuously reduced. that results showed decrease tendency. However, input grid data except for DEM have not contributed increase or decrease runoff tendency. These results showed that the more increased cell size of DEM make the more decreased slope value because of the increased horizontal distance.

GIS Application Model for Temporal and Spatial Simulation of Surface Runoff from a small watershed (소유역 지표유출의 시간적 . 공간적 재현을 위한 GIS응용모형)

  • 정하우;김성준;최진용;김대식
    • Spatial Information Research
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    • v.3 no.2
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    • pp.135-146
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    • 1995
  • The purpose of this study is to develop a GIS application and interface model (GISCELWAB) for the temporal and spatial simulation of surface runoff from a small watershed. The model was constituted by three sub - models : The input data extraction model (GISINDATA) which prepares cell-based input data automatically for a given watershed, the cell water balance model(CELWAB) which calculates the water balance for a cell and simulates surface runoff of watershed simultaneously by the interaction of cells, and the output data management model(GISOUTDISP) which visualize the results of temporal and spatial variation of surface runoff. The input data extraction model was developed to solve the time-consuming problems for the input-data preparation of distributed hydrologic model. The input data for CELWAB can be obtained by extracting ASCII data from a vector map. The output data management model was developed to convert the storage depth and discharge of cell into grid map. This model ean-bles to visualize the temporal and spatial formulation process of watershed storage depth and surface runoff wholly with time increment.

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Development of Synthetic Unit Hydrograph using River Fractal Characteristics (하천의 프랙탈 특성을 이용한 합성단위유량도의 개발)

  • 차상화
    • Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.44 no.6
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    • pp.61-70
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    • 2002
  • This study was performed to analyze the river fractal characteristics using GIS (Geographic Information System). In this study, topographical factors in river basin were grid-analyzed for each cell size and scale using GIS and regression formula was derived by analyzing correlation among topographical factors and cell size which were calculated here. And, a new rainfall-runoff model which is considering the calculated fractal dimension was developed to apply fur a river basin.

Development of Stream Width and Bed-slope Estimation Equations for Preparing Data for Distributed Storm Runoff Model (분포형 강우-유출모형의 하도자료 구축을 위한 하폭 및 하상경사 산정공식 개발)

  • Jung, In-Kyun;Park, Jong-Yoon;Joh, Hyung-Kyung;Lee, Ji-Wan;Kim, Seong-Joon
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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    • v.52 no.4
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2010
  • In this study, two estimation equations for preparing stream data for distributed storm runoff model were developed by analyzing the nonlinear relation between upstream flow-length and stream width, and between upstream flow-length and stream bed-slope. The equations for stream cell were tested in Chungjudam watershed (6,661 $km^2$) using KIMSTORM. Six storm events occurring between 2003 and 2008 were selected for the model calibration and verification before the test of equations. The average values of the Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (ME), the volume conservation index (VCI), the relative error of peak runoff rate (EQp), and the difference of time to peak runoff (DTp) were 0.929, 1.035, 0.037, and -0.406 hr for the calibrated four storm events and 0.956, 0.939, 0.055, and 0.729 hr for the two verified storm events respectively. The estimation equations were tested to the storm events, and compared the flood hydrograph. The test result showed that the estimation equation of stream width reduced the peak runoff and delaying the time to peak runoff, and the estimation equation of stream bed-slope showed the opposite results.