• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2018

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a group of rare inherited metabolic disorders caused by specific lysosomal enzyme deficiencies leading to the sequential degradation of glycosaminoglycans, causing substrate accumulation in various cells and tissues and progressive multiple organ dysfunction. The rare disease medical care team at Mackay Memorial Hospital in Taiwan has been dedicated to the study of MPSs for more than 20 years. Since 1999, more than 50 academic papers focusing on MPSs have been published in international medical journals. Topics of research include the following items regarding MPSs: incidence, natural history, clinical manifestations, gene mutation characteristics, cardiac function, bone mineral density, sleep studies, pulmonary function tests, hearing assessments, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, anesthetic experience, imaging analysis, special biochemical tests, laboratory diagnostics, global expert consensus conferences, prenatal diagnosis, new drug clinical trials, newborn screening, and treatment outcomes. Of these published academic research papers, more than half were cross-domain, cross-industry, and international studies with results in cooperation with experts from European, American and other Asian countries. A cross-specialty collaboration platform was established based on high-risk population screening criteria with the acronym "BECARE" (Bone and joints, Eyes, Cardiac and central nervous system, Abdomen and appearance, Respiratory system, and Ear, nose, and throat involvement). Through this platform, orthopedic surgeons, rheumatologists, ophthalmologists, cardiologists, rehabilitation physicians, gastroenterologists, otorhinolaryngologists, and medical geneticists have been educated with regards to awareness of suspected cases of MPSs patients to allow for a further confirmative diagnosis of MPSs. Because of the progressive nature of the disease, an early diagnosis and early multidisciplinary therapeutic interventions including surgery, rehabilitation programs, symptom-based treatments, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and enzyme replacement therapy, are very important.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1574-1582
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• 2014

Bacteria recognize changes in their population density by sensing the concentration of signal molecules, N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs). AHL-mediated quorum sensing (QS) plays a key role in biofilm formation, so the interference of QS, referred to as quorum quenching (QQ), has received a great deal of attention. A QQ strategy can be applied to membrane bioreactors (MBRs) for advanced wastewater treatment to control biofouling. To isolate QQ bacteria that can inhibit biofilm formation, we isolated diverse AHL-degrading bacteria from a laboratory-scale MBR and sludge from real wastewater treatment plants. A total of 225 AHL-degrading bacteria were isolated from the sludge sample by enrichment culture. Afipia sp., Acinetobacter sp. and Streptococcus sp. strains produced the intracellular QQ enzyme, whereas Pseudomonas sp., Micrococcus sp. and Staphylococcus sp. produced the extracellular QQ enzyme. In case of Microbacterium sp. and Rhodococcus sp., AHL-degrading activities were detected in the whole-cell assay and Rhodococcus sp. showed AHL-degrading activity in cell-free lysate as well. There has been no report for AHL-degrading capability in the case of Streptococcus sp. and Afipia sp. strains. Finally, inhibition of biofilm formation by isolated QQ bacteria or enzymes was observed on glass slides and 96-well microtiter plates using crystal violet staining. QQ strains or enzymes not only inhibited initial biofilm development but also reduced established biofilms.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.148-158
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• 1991

The purpose of this research was to establish the culture condition for dissociated submandibu -lar gland (SG) cells. After trypsin digestion of SG from 3-4 weeks old mice, dissociated cells were cultured in 1OO/o fetal bovine serum-Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (FBS-DME) or 0.5-2% low protein serum replacement-DME (LPSR-DME) on plastic surface to form monolayer. The effects of FBS, LPSR and hormones on the growth and function of cultured SG cells were examined. SG cells dissociated by enzyme were successfully cultured and were characterized as epithelial-like cells by light and electron microscope. The maximal DNA synthesis of cultured SG cells was achieved by DME containing 5-10% FBS. The same results were obtained when the effects of LPSR on cell proliferation were examined up to a LPSR concentration of 2%. SG cells cultured in 20/o LPSR-DME expressed a population doubling time of 42.5 hrs and a saturation density of 1.2 $\times$10 5cell/cm$^2$. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in medium did not influence on the DNA synthesis of the cultured SG cells, but stimulated protein synthesis of the SG cells. Thyroxine (T4) stimulated protein synthesis of the SCI cells markedly in a dose-dependent fashion. EGF secretion by the cultured SG cells increased significandy by DHT and or T4 trearment. This finding indicated that secretion of EGF by the SG cells was under the control of the hormones such as androgen and thyroid hormones. It seems to be that the culture condition described here can be used as a useful tool for further research on the SCI cells.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.70-77
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• 2023

In response to climate change, each country is proposing a goal to reduce greenhouse gases in its energy supply and demand plan, and the use of hydrogen gas is a topic that is always prioritized as an energy resource for implementation. A popular way to use this hydrogen gas is the use of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and expansion of hydrogen charging stations is essential for using these hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. However, there are several limitations to the expansion of hydrogen refueling stations, the most representative of which is resident acceptance. Most of the hydrogen charging stations currently built in Korea are located in the outskirts with low population density, so the inconvenience to hydrogen fuel cell vehicle users has not been resolved, and as a result, there has been no progress in the spread of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. In this paper, we analyzed the consequences of accident damage to determine the risks of constructing a hydrogen charging station on a railroad site frequently used by citizens. The target hydrogen charging station site was a railroad depot in Busan, and there are trains, national highways, and commercial facilities around this site. Assuming the worst-case scenario, we would like to consider the safety of the hydrogen refueling station site by analyzing the area affected by the accident and its consequence.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.177-186
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• 2018

Purpose: Increasing number of older adults are receiving cancer surgeries especially for gastrointestinal cancers, which brings forth attention to age-related postoperative complication prevention. Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common complication that rises after surgical procedures involving general anesthesia, largely in the elderly population. Due to its sudden onset and fluctuating symptoms, POD often goes underdiagnosed and undertreated even though it may lead to various adverse outcomes. POD in GI cancer surgical elderly patients is poorly understood in terms of prevalence, pathophysiology, assessment, treatment and nursing management. We aimed to identify available literature and investigate study results to broaden our understanding of geriatric GI cancer POD. Methods: The search process involved six databases to identify relevant studies abided by inclusion criteria. Results: Eleven studies were selected for this review. Geriatric POD is closely related to frailty and surgical complications. Frailty increases vulnerability to surgical stress and causes cerebral changes that affect stress-regulating neurotransmitter proportions, brain blood flow, vascular density, neuron cell life and intracellular signal transductions. These conditions of frailty result in increased risks of surgical complications such as blood loss, cardiovascular events and inflammation, which all may lead to the POD. Mini Metal State Examination (MMSE), Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) and Delirium Rating Scale-revised-98 (DRS-R-98) are recommended for POD assessment to identify high-risk patients. Conclusion: The POD prevalence ranged from 8.2% to 51.0%. The multifactorial causative mechanism suggests nurses to identify highrisk elderly GI-cancer surgical patients by reviewing patient-specific factors and surgery-specific factors.

• Journal of Korea Foundry Society
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.53-59
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• 2016

The effects of ultrasonic melt treatment on the microstructures of aluminum piston were examined at five observation parts having different cooling rates. The microstructure of aluminum piston consisted of primary Si, eutectic Si, and various types of intermetallic compounds. Regardless of cooling rate, the ultrasonic melt treatment transformed dendritic eutectic cells to equiaxed eutectic cells and it decreased the sizes of eutectic Si and intermetallic compounds that exist at eutectic cell boundaries. In the absence of ultrasonic treatment, coarse primary Si particles were severely segregated and its size was increased with decreasing the cooling rate. The ultrasonic treatment decreased the size of primary Si particles from $25.5{\sim}31.0{\mu}m$ to $17.6{\sim}23.1{\mu}m$, depending on the cooling rate. In the presence of ultrasonic treatment, relatively fine primary Si particles were homogeneously distributed throughout the piston. In addition, the ultrasonic treatment increased the population density and area fraction of fine primary Si particles.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.15-20
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• 2000

The morphology of dopaminergic neurons in the adult ox retina was studied. The dopaminergic neurons were identified using antibody immunocytochemistry. The great majority of tyrosine hydroxylase - immunoreactive neurons were located at the innermost border of the inner nuclear layer. The processes were monostratified and ran laterally within layer 1 of the inner plexiform layer. The second major population of tyrosine hydroxylase - immunoreactive neurons was displaced amacrine cells. The processes of displaced tyrosine hydroxylase - immunoreactive amacrine cells were also located within layer 1 of the inner plexiform layer. Some processes of a few neurons were located in the outer plexiform layer. A very low density of neurons had additional bands of tyrosine hydroxylase - immunoreactive processes in the middle and deep layers of the inner plexiform layer. The processes of dopaminergic neurons widely extended radially and formed large, moderately branched dendritic fields. These processes occasionally had varicosities but did not have "dendritic rings". These results indicate that dopaminergic cells make up specific neuronal cell types in the ox retina.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.277-281
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• 1997

The cell density changes of Vibrio mimicus K-1 in sea water and arkshell feeding it were examined at various temperature. The strain was suspended in sterilized sea water and storaged at experimental temperature $(5,\;10,\;15,\;20,\;and\;28^{\circ}C)$). At intervals of up to 10 days, aliquots of each suspension were plated onto BHI agar. At 5 and $10^{\circ}C$, the plate counts of V. mimicus K-1 showed a rapid decline, which 3s known to be a reault of this bacterium's entering into the viable but non culturable state. At 20 and $28^{\circ}C$, however, V. mimicus K-1 are stable over the 10 days experimental periods. V. mimicus K-1 was fed to arkshell, which was subsequently stored at temperatures ranging from 5 to $20^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. The samples of arkshell were homogenized and plated at intervals to determine the cell density of V. mimicus K-1 and total aerobic population of bacteria present. At 5 and $10^{\circ}C$, the numbers of V. mimicus K-1 in sea water rapid decreased over the 10 days experimental periods. However, little change of V. mimicus K-1 density was observed in shellstock arkshell at 5 and $10^{\circ}C$. While, V. mimicus K-1 density was decreased more rapidly to level below limit of dectection in shucked arkshell at same temperature. Incubation at the higher temperature $(20^{\circ}C)$ resulted in large increase in total aerobic bacterial number of shellstock arkshell. These results suggest that even with proper storage, indigenous levels of V. mimicus may remain sufficiently high in shellstock arkshell to produce infection in compromise hosts.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.299-305
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• 2010

Purpose: Adipose tissue is located beneath the skin, around internal organs, and in the bone marrow in humans. Its main role is to store energy in the form of fat, although it also cushions and insulates the body. Adipose tissue also has the ability to dynamically expand and shrink throughout the life of an adult. Recently, it has been shown that adipose tissue contains a population of adult multipotent mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells that, in cell culture conditions, have extensive proliferative capacity and are able to differentiate into several lineages, including, osteogenic, chondrogenic, endothelial cells, and myogenic lineages. Materials and Methods: This study focused on endothelial cell culture from the adipose tissue. Adipose tissues were harvested from buccal fat pad during bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy for surgical correction of mandibular prognathism. The tissues were treated with 0.075% type I collagenase. The samples were neutralized with DMEM/and centrifuged for 10 min at 2,400 rpm. The pellet was treated with 3 volume of RBC lysis buffer and filtered through a 100 ${\mu}m$ nylon cell strainer. The filtered cells were centrifuged for 10 min at 2,400 rpm. The cells were further cultured in the endothelial cell culture medium (EGM-2, Cambrex, Walkersville, Md., USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, human EGF, human VEGF, human insulin-like growth factor-1, human FGF-$\beta$, heparin, ascorbic acid and hydrocortisone at a density of $1{\times}10^5$ cells/well in a 24-well plate. Low positivity of endothelial cell markers, such as CD31 and CD146, was observed during early passage of cells. Results: Increase of CD146 positivity was observed in passage 5 to 7 adipose tissue-derived cells. However, CD44, representative mesenchymal stem cell marker, was also strongly expressed. CD146 sorted adipose tissue-derived cells was cultured using immuno-magnetic beads. Magnetic labeling with 100 ${\mu}l$ microbeads per 108 cells was performed for 30 minutes at $4^{\circ}C$ a using CD146 direct cell isolation kit. Magnetic separation was carried out and a separator under a biological hood. Aliquous of CD146+ sorted cells were evaluated for purity by flow cytometry. Sorted cells were 96.04% positivity for CD146. And then tube formation was examined. These CD146 sorted adipose tissue-derived cells formed tube-like structures on Matrigel. Conclusion: These results suggest that adipose tissue-derived cells are endothelial cells. With the fabrication of the vascularized scaffold construct, novel approaches could be developed to enhance the engineered scaffold by the addition of adipose tissue-derived endothelial cells and periosteal-derived osteoblastic cells to promote bone growth.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1487-1497
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• 2016

Bacterial cell to cell communication strategies called quorum sensing (QS) using small diffusible signaling molecules (auto-inducers) govern the expression of various genes dependent on their population density manner. As a consequence of synthesis and response to the signaling molecules, individual planktonic cells synchronized group behaviors to control a diverse array of phenotypes such as maturation of biofilm, production of extra-polymeric substances (EPS), virulence, bioluminescence and antibiotic production. Many studies indicated that biofilm formations are associated with QS signaling molecules such as acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) mainly used by several Gram negative bacteria. The biofilm maturation causes undesirable biomass accumulation in various surface environments anywhere water is present called biofouling, which results in serious eco-technological problems. Numerous molecules that interfere the bacterial QS called quorum quenching (QQ), have been discovered from various microorganisms, and their functions and mechanisms associated with QS have also been elucidated. To resolve biofouling problems related to various industries, the novel approach based on QS interference has been emerged attenuating multi-drug resisting bacteria appearance and environmental toxicities, which may provide potential advantages over the conventional anti-biofouling approaches. Therefore this paper presents recent information related to bacterial quorum sensing system, quorum quenching enzymes that can control the QS signaling, and lastly discuss the anti-biofouling approaches using the quorum quenching.