• Molecules and Cells
• /
• v.39 no.10
• /
• pp.734-741
• /
• 2016

Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has a role in inducing emergency hematopoiesis upon exposure to inflammatory stimuli. Although GM-CSF generated murine bone marrow derived cells have been widely used as macrophages or dendritic cells in research, the exact characteristics of each cell population have not yet been defined. Here we discriminated GM-CSF grown bone marrow derived macrophages (GM-BMMs) from dendritic cells (GM-BMDCs) in several criteria. After C57BL/6J mice bone marrow cell culture for 7 days with GM-CSF supplementation, two main populations were observed in the attached cells based on MHCII and F4/80 marker expressions. GM-BMMs had $MHCII^{low}F4/80^{high}$ as well as $CD11c^+CD11b^{high}CD80^-CD64^+MerTK^+$ phenotypes. In contrast, GM-BMDCs had $MHCII^{high}F4/80^{low}$ and $CD11c^{high}CD8{\alpha}^-CD11b^+CD80^+CD64^-MerTK^{low}$ phenotypes. Interestingly, the GM-BMM population increased but GM-BMDCs decreased in a GM-CSF dose-dependent manner. Functionally, GM-BMMs showed extremely high phagocytic abilities and produced higher IL-10 upon LPS stimulation. GM-BMDCs, however, could not phagocytose as well, but were efficient at producing $TNF{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-12p70 and IL-6 as well as inducing T cell proliferation. Finally, whole transcriptome analysis revealed that GM-BMMs and GM-BMDCs are overlap with in vivo resident macrophages and dendritic cells, respectively. Taken together, our study shows the heterogeneicity of GM-CSF derived cell populations, and specifically characterizes GM-CSF derived macrophages compared to dendritic cells.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.69-74
• /
• 2023

In Dictyostelium , there are 15 Ras subfamilies, including 11 Ras, 3 Rap, 1 Rheb. The Ras proteins are involved in regulating various cell processes as switch proteins. The functions of many Ras proteins have been identified, but some of Ras proteins have not yet been identified. Here, we focused on identifying the roles of RasW among them. To investigate the functions of RasW in cell morphology, cell migration, and development in Dictyostelium , we compared the phenotypes of wild-type cells and rasW null cells. rasW null cells showed a larger, more spread-out morphology and reduced cell motility compared to wild-type cells. There was no significant difference between wild-type cells and rasW null cells during multicellular developmental process. These results suggest that RasW is involved in regulating cell morphology and cell migration in Dictyostelium.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.19.1-19.18
• /
• 2021

Clinical and molecular phenotypes of asthma are complex. The main phenotypes of adult asthma are characterized by eosinophil and/or neutrophil cell dominant airway inflammation that represent distinct clinical features. Upper and lower airways constitute a unique system and their interaction shows functional complementarity. Although human upper airway contains various indigenous commensals and opportunistic pathogenic microbiome, imbalance of this interactions lead to pathogen overgrowth and increased inflammation and airway remodeling. Competition for epithelial cell attachment, different susceptibilities to host defense molecules and antimicrobial peptides, and the production of proinflammatory cytokine and pattern recognition receptors possibly determine the pattern of this inflammation. Exposure to environmental factors, including infection, air pollution, smoking is commonly associated with asthma comorbidity, severity, exacerbation and resistance to anti-microbial and steroid treatment, and these effects may also be modulated by host and microbial genetics. Administration of probiotic, antibiotic and corticosteroid treatment for asthma may modify the composition of resident microbiota and clinical features. This review summarizes the effect of some environmental factors on the upper respiratory microbiome, the interaction between host-microbiome, and potential impact of asthma treatment on the composition of the upper airway microbiome.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
• /
• 1979.10a
• /
• pp.248.1-248
• /
• 1979

Sixteen temperature-sensitive mutants of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus were isolated. Several interesting phenotypes were observed. A large proportion of the mutants were un-able to form polyhedral occlusion bodies at the nonpermissive temperature (32.5C). At 32.5C, one mutant formed plaques in which the cells lacked polyhedra. Another mutant type was defective in the production of progeny extracellular nonoccluded virus and produced a plaque consisting of only a single cell containing polyhedra at 32.5C. One mutant was defective in plaque formation, progeny nonocluded virus formation, and polyhedra formation at 32.5C. Several mutants produced nonocluded virus but failed to produce plaques or polyhedra at 32.5C. Other phenotypes were also distinguished. Complementation analyses, performed by either measuring the increase in extracellular non-ocludedvirus formation or by oberving polyhedra formation in mixed infections at 32.5C, indicated the presence of 15 complementation groups. A high frequency of recombination was observed. Four of the mutants were found to be host dependent in their temperature sensitivity for polyhedra formation.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2016

Granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) are rare sex cord-stromal tumors that have been studied for decades. However, their infrequency has delayed efforts to research their etiology. Recently, mutations in human GCTs have been discovered, which has led to further research aimed at determining the molecular mechanisms underlying the disease. Mouse models have been important tools for studying GCTs, and have provided means to develop and improve diagnostics and therapeutics. Thus far, several genetically modified mouse models, along with one spontaneous mouse model, have been reported. This review summarizes the phenotypes of these mouse models and their applicability in elucidating the mechanisms of granulosa cell tumor development.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.112-119
• /
• 2005

Efficient plant regenerationsystem from cell suspension cultures was established in D. acicularis (2n = 90) by monitoring ploidy level and visual selection of the cultures. The highly regenerable cell lines selected maintained original ploidy level and consisted of compact cell clumps with yellowish color and relatively moderate growth, suggesting that it is possible to select visually the highly regenerable cell lines with the original ploidy level. All the regenerated plantlets from the highly regenerable cell cultures exhibited normal phenotypes and no variations in ploidy level were observed by flow cytometry (FCM) analysis.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.30 no.8
• /
• pp.1817-1820
• /
• 2009

Controlling cell-matrix interactions is critical in regulating cell phenotypes for tissue engineering applications. Cellular adhesion to synthetic extracellular matrices (ECMs) can be enhanced by introduction of adhesion ligands to the matrices. We tested the hypothesis that biophysical cues such as ligand organization in synthetic ECMs play an important role in modulating cell responses to the microenvironment. To investigate and monitor cell-matrix interactions, we used a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique with cell-interactive polymers generated by conjugating a peptide with the sequence of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) to alginate hydrogels.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
• /
• v.13 no.5
• /
• pp.168-176
• /
• 2013

In the last few years major progress has been made in better understanding the role of natural killer (NK) cells in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. This includes multiple pathways by which HCV impairs or limits NK cells activation. Based on current genetic and functional data, a picture is emerging where only a rapid and strong NK cell response early on during infection which results in strong T cell responses and possible subsequent clearance, whereas chronic HCV infection is associated with dysfunctional or biased NK cells phenotypes. The hallmark of this NK cell dysfunction is persistent activation promoting ongoing hepatitis and hepatocyte damage, while being unable to clear HCV due to impaired IFN-${\gamma}$ responses. Furthermore, some data suggests certain chronically activated subsets that are $NKp46^{high}$ may be particularly active against hepatic stellate cells, a key player in hepatic fibrogenesis. Finally, the role of NK cells during HCV therapy, HCV recurrence after liver transplant and hepatocellular carcinoma are discussed.

• Genomics & Informatics
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.12-20
• /
• 2014

The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is one mechanism by which cells with mesenchymal features can be generated and is a fundamental event in morphogenesis. Recently, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells from the primary tumor are now thought to be initiated by the developmental process termed the EMT, whereby epithelial cells lose cell polarity and cell-cell interactions, and gain mesenchymal phenotypes with increased migratory and invasive properties. The EMT is believed to be an important step in metastasis and is implicated in cancer progression, although the influence of the EMT in clinical specimens has been debated. This review presents the recent results of two cell surface proteins, the functions and underlying mechanisms of which have recently begun to be demonstrated, as novel regulators of the molecular networks that induce the EMT and cancer progression.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.127-131
• /
• 2008

Bone marrow (BM) cell harvesting is a crucial element in the isolation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). A simple method for harvesting cat BM cells is described. The results show that a large number of BM cells can rapidly be harvested from the cat by this simple procedure. MSCs prepared by density-gradient method were spindle-shaped morphology with bipolar or polygonal cell bodies and strongly positive for CD9 and CD44 and negative for CD18 and CD45-like. They were capable of differentiation to adipocytic and osteocytic phenotypes when exposed to appropriate induction media. The advantages of this method are its rapidity, simplicity, low invasiveness, and low donor attrition and good outcome.