• Advances in nano research
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.575-585
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• 2022

Due to its biofilm formation and colonization of the osteocyte-lacuno canalicular network (OLCN), Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) implant-associated bone infection (SIABI) is difficult to cure thoroughly, and may occur recurrently subsequently after a long period dormant. It is essential to explore an alternative therapeutic strategy that can eradicate the pathogens in the infected foci. To address this, the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement and Fe3O4 nanoparticles compound cylinder were developed as implants based on their size and mechanical properties for the alternative magnetic field (AMF) induced thermal ablation, The PMMA mixed with optimized 2% Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles showed an excellent antibacterial efficacy in vitro. It was evaluated by the CFU, CT scan and histopathological staining on a rabbit 1-stage transtibial screw model. The results showed that on week 7, the CFU of infected soft tissue and implants, and the white blood cells (WBCs) of the PMMA+2% Fe₃O₄+AMF group decreased significantly from their controls (p<0.05). PMMA+2% Fe₃O₄+AMF group did not observe bone resorption, periosteal reaction, and infectious reactive bone formation by CT images. Further histopathological H&E and Gram Staining confirmed there was no obvious inflammatory cell infiltration, neither pathogens residue nor noticeably burn damage around the infected screw channel in the PMMA+2% Fe₃O₄+AMF group. Further investigation of nanoparticle distributions in bone marrow medullary and vital organs of heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney. There were no significantly extra Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles were observed in the medullary cavity and all vital organs either. In the current study, PMMA+2% Fe₃O₄+AMF shows promising therapeutic potential for SIABI by providing excellent mechanical support, and promising efficacy of eradicating the residual pathogenic bacteria in bone infected lesions.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2014

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of extract of Thuja orientalis leaves (TOFE) against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced neurotoxicity by inhibition of inflammation in in vitro and in vivo models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods : We evaluated the effect of TOFE against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ($MPP^+$) toxicity using nitric oxide (NO) assay, inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase 2 western blot, tyrosine hydroxylase and microglia activation immunohistochemistry (IHC) in BV2 cell, primary rat mesencephalic neurons, or C57BL/6 mice. We also evaluated the effect of TOFE in mice PD model induced by MPTP. C57BL/6 mice were treated with TOFE 50 mg/kg for 5 days and were injected intraperitoneally with four administrations of MPTP on the last day. We conducted behavioral tests and IHC analysis to see how TOFE affect MPTP-induced neuronal loss of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and striatum (ST) of mice. To assess the anti-inflammation effects, we carried out glial fibrillary acidic protein and macrophage-1 antigen integrin alpha M in IHC in SNpc and ST of mice. Results : In an in vitro system, TOFE decreasesd NO generations in BV2 cells. TOFE protected dopaminergic cells against LPS or $MPP^+$-induced toxicity in primary mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. In vivo system, TOFE at 50 mg/kg treated group showed improved motor deteriorations than the MPTP only treated group and TOFE significantly protected striatal dopaminergic damage from MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in mice. Moreover, TOFE inhibited activation of astrocyte and microglia in SNpc and ST of the mice. Conclusions : We concluded that TOFE showed anti-parkinsonian effect by protection of dopaminergic neurons against MPTP toxicity through anti-inflammatory actions.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2013

Objectives : This study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic effects of WSY-1075 composited with Corni Fructus, Angelica gigantis Radix, Lycii Fructus, Ginseng Radix, Cervi parvum Cornu and Cinnamomi Cortex in rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs) and scratching mouse model. Methods : WSY-1075 was prepared by extracting with 30% ethanol. In the present study, we investigated the effect of WSY-1075 on the production of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), interleukin-$1{\beta}$ (IL-$1{\beta}$) and histamine in rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMCs) activated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) plus calcium ionophore A23187, and on the scratching behavior in mice treated with pruriogens. Results : WSY-1075 was not cytotoxic effect in used all concentration. PMA plus A23187 treatment significantly increased TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 production compared with media control in RPMCs. However, TNF-${\alpha}$, $IL1{\beta}$ and IL-6 production increased by PMA plus A23187 treatment were significantly inhibited by WSY-1075 (200 ${\mu}g/mL$ and 400 ${\mu}g/mL$). WSY-1075 also inhibited the histamine release from RPMCs stimulated by compound 48/80, which promotes histamine release. Moreover, WSY-1075 administration had an inhibitory effects on the scratching behavior induced by pruritogen (compound 48/80, histamine, serotonin and substence P) in ICR mice. Conclusion : These results suggest that WSY-1075 administration (200 mg/kg or 400 mg/kg) has the anti-inflammatory and anti-pruritic effects on the activated rat peritoneal mast cell and mouse pruritus. WSY-1075 has a potential use as a composition of medicinal plants for treatment against inflammation- and pruritus-related disease.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2019

Objectives : A traditional herbal prescription, Kyung-Ok-Ko (KOK), has long been used in oriental medicine as an invigorant for age-related diseases, such as amnesia and stroke. However, the beneficial value of KOK for immune responses is largely unknown. Based on the above mentioned effects of KOK, other previous reports, and its use in traditional medicine, we hypothesized that KOK displays beneficial effects against methotrexate (MTX)-induced immune suppression. Methods : We investigated the effects of KOK (0.6 g/kg/day, oral (p.o.)) on deteriorated immunity caused by MTX (2 mg/kg/day, p.o.) in an immune suppression mouse model. MTX was fed to mice once a day for 7 days. After the immune responses of the mice deteriorated by MTX treatment, KOK in water was fed to the mice once a day for 14 days. We then measured the expression levels of various cytokines, such as T helper cell (Th1, Th2) cytokines, and the number of immune cells, such as spleen T cells, B cells, and macrophages. Results : The data showed that MTX decreased Th1 profiles (interferon $(IFN)-{\gamma}$, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12) and the number of immune cells, and increased Th2 profiles (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13), which were normalized significantly by post-administration of KOK. However, there was no significant difference in body-weight gain between MTX- and KOK-treated mice. Conclusion : These results indicate that KOK has immune-enhancing functions and reduces immunotoxicity of MTX, suggesting that supplementation with KOK will improve immune responses clinically and be useful for the prevention of immune-related diseases.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.391-397
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• 2022

본 연구는 복분자 미숙과의 항당뇨 활성을 알아보기 위해 유전적 당뇨 질환 동물모델인 db/db 마우스에서 복분자 미숙과 50% 에탄올 추출물을 11주간 경구 투여한 후 당뇨병 개선 효과를 조사하였다. 체중 측정 결과, 정상대조군에 비하여 당뇨대조군의 체중이 45.9% 증가하였으나 복분자 미숙과 50% 에탄올 추출물을 투여한 실험군들의 체중 변화는 보이지 않았다. 시료 투여 11주 후 공복혈당을 측정했을 때 복분자 미숙과 50% 에탄올 추출물 투여군에서는 농도 의존적으로 혈당 상승이 억제되었으며, 복강내당능 시험을 통해 복분자 미숙과 50% 에탄올 추출물이 양성대조군과 유사한 경향으로 혈당을 감소시키는 것을 확인하였다. 혈중 중성지방 수치 역시 복분자 미숙과 50% 에탄올 추출물 투여군은 농도 의존적으로 중성지방의 농도가 감소되었고, 혈중 인슐린의 농도는 복분자 미숙과 50% 에탄올 추출물 투여군이 당뇨대조군보다 약간 높은 수준으로 나타났으나 군간 유의성은 없었다. 췌장의 병리조직학적 검사 결과, 당뇨대조군에서 인슐린을 분비하는 췌장의 베타세포로 이루어진 랑게르한스섬의 형태학적 손상이 나타났으며 복분자 미숙과 50% 에탄올 추출물 투여에 의해 손상이 억제됨으로써 랑게르한스섬의 면적 및 세포 수가 당뇨대조군에 비해 증가했음을 확인하였다. 또한 인슐린 항체를 이용하여 면역 염색을 통해 췌장 내 베타세포의 형태학적 구조를 확인해 보면 복분자 미숙과 50% 에탄올 추출물 투여군들에서 인슐린을 분비하는 랑게르한스섬 세포 수가 유의하게 증가되었음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 위 결과를 종합해 볼 때 복분자 미숙과 50% 에탄올 추출물이 혈당 강하에 효과가 있으며, 이를 위한 목적으로 장기간 섭취했을 때 항당뇨에 도움이 될 것이라고 사료된다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제55권4호
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• pp.399-406
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• 2022

2050 탄소중립이라는 메가트렌드에 맞추어 청정에너지기술에 사용되는 핵심광물의 양이 파리기후변화협약기반 시나리오와 2050 탄소중립기반 시나리오에 따르면 각각 4배, 6배 증가하는 것으로 평가된다. 그리고, 한국의 경우, 2차전지에 사용되는 배터리 공급망에서 볼 때 배터리물질과 배터리셀팩을 제조하는 미드스트림에서는 강점을 보이나 원료물질을 제공하고 처리하는 업스트림에서는 어려움을 겪고 있다. 한국지질자원연구원은 이러한 배터리원료광종의 업트스림 리스크에 대응하기 위해 리튬, 니켈, 코발트에 대한 확보전략을 수립하고 탐사기술을 개발하고 있다. 리튬의 경우, 경상북도 울진에서 2020년부터 탐사를 진행하고 있고 2021년말 제반탐사자료를 종합하고 3D모델을 구축하여 정밀탐사대상지를 선정했으며, 2022년에는 정밀탐사대상지를 중심으로 리튬페그마타이트의 부존잠재량을 평가할 예정이다. 니켈의 경우, 과거 탐광을 했던 10여개 니켈황화물광상을 대상으로 예비조사를 통하여 2022년말 탐사대상지를 선정할 예정이다. 코발트의 경우, 남한에서는 유일하게 보국코발트가 알려져있지만 열수광상으로 코발타이트가 산출되었다는 기록만 있을뿐 세계적인 코발트광상(예. 모로코 Bou Azzer)의 성인을 보면, 초염기성암과 관련된 사문암체와 화강암의 접촉부에서 코발트광체가 발견되어 국내에서는 코발트탐사를 위한 프로토콜을 정립할 예정이다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.605-612
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• 2021

지구온난화로 인한 이상기후로 전 세계적 피해가 커지고 있는 가운데, 내연기관의 온실가스 배출을 줄이기 위하여, 친환경자동차 도입이 가속화되고 있다. 이에 각국에서는 수소연료자동차의 안전성 확보를 위해 터널이나 지하주차장과 같은 반밀폐공간에서 수소 연료 폭발에 대비한 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 반밀폐공간이라 할 수 있는 지하주차장을 대상으로 수소탱크의 폭발을 등가 TNT 모델을 적용하여 폭발압력을 예측하고 이 값을 폭발압력에 따른 피해범위 및 영향을 분석하였다. 등가 TNT 모델을 적용한 수소탱크 폭발압력 예측 결과 수소용량이 52 Liter인 경우를 기준으로 75 Liter, 156 Liter인 경우 1.5 m 높이에서 각각 약 1.12배, 2.30배 높은 것으로 나타났다. 예측된 최대폭발압력을 충격량으로 환산하여 인체 및 건물에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과 모든 예측값이 폐 손상 또는 심각한 부분 파괴가 발생할 것으로 예측 되었으며, 예측된 피해정도는 폭발에 따른 충격량만으로 환산 적용한 것이며, 폭발에 따른 부가적인 피해를 고려한다면 실제 피해는 더욱 증가되어 이에 대한 안전 및 방재의 대책이 강구되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.103-113
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• 2022

이 논문에서는 결합된 PET(fluorodeoxyglucose, ¹⁸F-FDG)와 MRI(magnetic nanoparticles, MNP) 조영제를 동시 PET-MRI 스캔에 사용하기 위한 가교제로 N-(p-maleimidophenyl) isocyanate를 사용하여 합성하는 방안을 제안하였다. 실험은 신경교종 줄기 세포 마우스 모델에서 결합 조영제(¹⁸F-FDG로 표지된 MNP)를 주입하기 전후에 PET-MRI 이미지를 획득하고 평가하였다. 획득한 각 영상에 대해 관심영역(ROI)을 설정한 후, 분할하여 병변의 면적을 계산하였을 때 PET 영상이 MRI 영상보다 더 크고 정확했다. 특히 동시 PET-MRI 영상은 주변 연조직과 함께 정확한 병변을 묘사하였다. 평균 및 표준편차 값은 조영제 주입 여부에 관계없이 PET 영상 또는 PET-MRI 동시 영상보다 MRI 단독 영상에서 더 높게 나타났다. 또한 동시 PET-MRI 영상값이 PET 영상보다 평균 및 표준편차 값이 높게 나타났다. ¹⁸F-FDG 라벨링된 MNP 조영제와 동시 PET-MRI 영상을 표적 영상으로 사용하고 ¹⁸F- FDG 조영제만을 원본 이미지로 사용했을 때의 피크 신호 대 잡음비(PSNR) 값은 모든 실험에서 유의미 하게 나타났다. 결론적으로 동시 PET-MRI 영상에서 결합된 ¹⁸F-FDG 표지 MNP 조영제가 유용함을 확인하였다. 다양한 핵종을 사용할 수 있는 SPECT-MRI 영상 연구를 통해 진단과 치료를 동시에 할 수 있는 제제를 개발하기 위해서는 향후 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.589-603
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have reported that protein supplementation contributes to the attenuation of inflammation. Serious trauma such as burn injury usually results in the excessive release of inflammatory factors and organs dysfunction. However, a few reports continued to focus on the function of protein ingestion in regulating burn-induced inflammation and organ dysfunction. MATERIALS/METHODS: This study established the rat model of 30% total body surface area burn injury, and evaluated the function of blended protein (mixture of whey and soybean proteins). Blood routine examination, inflammatory factors, blood biochemistry, and immunohistochemical assays were employed to analyze the samples from different treatment groups. RESULTS: Our results indicated a decrease in the numbers of white blood cells, monocytes, and neutrophils in the burn injury group administered with the blended protein nutritional support (Burn+BP), as compared to the burn injury group administered normal saline supplementation (Burn+S). Expressions of the pro-inflammatory factors (tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 [IL-6]) and chemokines (macrophage chemoattractant protein-1, regulated upon activation normal T cell expressed and secreted factor, and C-C motif chemokine 11) were dramatically decreased, whereas anti-inflammatory factors (IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13) were significantly increased in the Burn+BP group. Kidney function related markers blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine, and the liver function related markers alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase were remarkably reduced, whereas albumin levels were elevated in the Burn+BP group as compared to levels obtained in the Burn+S group. Furthermore, inflammatory cells infiltration of the kidney and liver was also attenuated after burn injury administered with blended protein supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, nutritional support with blended proteins dramatically attenuates the burn-induced inflammatory reaction and protects organ functions. We believe this is a new insight into a potential therapeutic strategy for nutritional support of burn patients.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.335-345
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• 2022

Pyroptosis is an inflammatory form of programmed cell death that is linked with invading intracellular pathogens. Cardiac pyroptosis has a significant role in coronary microembolization (CME), thus causing myocardial injury. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) has powerful cardioprotective effects. Hence, this study aimed to identify the effect of Tan IIA on CME and its underlying mechanism. Forty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly grouped into sham, CME, CME + low-dose Tan IIA, and CME + high-dose Tan IIA groups. Except for the sham group, polyethylene microspheres (42 ㎛) were injected to establish the CME model. The Tan-L and Tan-H groups received intraperitoneal Tan IIA for 7 days before CME. After CME, cardiac function, myocardial histopathology, and serum myocardial injury markers were assessed. The expression of pyroptosis-associated molecules and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB/NLRP3 cascade was evaluated by qRT-PCR, Western blotting, ELISA, and IHC. Relative to the sham group, CME group's cardiac functions were significantly reduced, with a high level of serum myocardial injury markers, and microinfarct area. Also, the levels of caspase-1 p20, GSDMD-N, IL-18, IL-1β, TLR4, MyD88, p-NF-κB p65, NLRP3, and ASC expression were increased. Relative to the CME group, the Tan-H and Tan-L groups had considerably improved cardiac functions, with a considerably low level of serum myocardial injury markers and microinfarct area. Tan IIA can reduce the levels of pyroptosis-associated mRNA and protein, which may be caused by inhibiting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB/NLRP3 cascade. In conclusion, Tanshinone IIA can suppress cardiomyocyte pyroptosis probably through modulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB/NLRP3 cascade, lowering cardiac dysfunction, and myocardial damage.