• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.202-206
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• 2006

The oxidation stability of fish oil containing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), which is very susceptible to oxidative deterioration, needs to be improved before it can be successfully applied to functional foods. The antioxidant activities of 17 species of materials in anchovy oil (AO) were compared and a potent antioxidant was determined to improve the shelf-life of refined AO. Antioxidant activities of the 0.05% (w/w) materials in AO were compared against control during storage at $30^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. While no antioxidant effect was shown in alpha tocopherol against control, 3 species of grapefruit seed extracts (GSEs), astaxanthin (AX), soybean lecithin, and green tea extract showed good antioxidant activities. Especially, GSE B, GSE C, and AX showed significantly high peroxide inhibitory activities (PIAs) of $16.2{\pm}2.1$, $20.{\pm}3.5$, and $17.7{\pm}3.5%$, respectively, after the 4th day (p<0.01). Radical scavenging activities (RSAs) of GSE B, GSE C, and AX were $85.1{\pm}0.8$, $95.3{\pm}0.3$, and $85.9{\pm}0.8%$, respectively. Correlation between PIAs and RSAs was high ($R^2=0.926$) in GSE B, GSE C, and AX. Therefore, we concluded that one of the main antioxidative mechanisms of GSEs and AX must operate through an RSA pathway. The $RC_{50}$ (concentration required for 50% reduction of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl, DPPH) of GSE C was $258\;{\mu}g/mL$.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.5247-5250
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• 2016

Objective: Endometriosis, one of the most common estrogen dependent gynecological disorders, can present as both benign and malignant disease. The prevalence of tumoral transformation is 0.7-1.6% and the most common tumors are clear cell and endometrioid carcinomas. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of transformation is unknown. For this purpose, we examined molecular alterations in ovarian endometriosis and endometriosis-associated tumors. Methods: Using the data bank of Alzahra hospital pathology department and paraffin blocks from appropriate cases were identified. Sections were cut and stained for 3 markers: estrogen receptor, P53 and bcl2. Correlations between findings were investigated. Results: Nineteen cases of endometriosis-associated tumor and 19 cases of endometriosis were identified. Staining for bcl2 was documented in 14 of 19 (73.7%) of endometriosis-associated tumor cases and also 7 of 19 (36.8%) endometriosis cases (P=0.02). Only 3 of the 19 (15.8%) endometriosis-associated tumors exhibited positive staining for estrogen receptors, compared with 14 of 19 (73.7%) endometriosis cases (P<0.001). Positive staining for P53 was noted in 5 of 19 (31.6%) endometriosis-associated ovarian tumor samples but was absent in endometriosis samples (0%), (P =0.008). Conclusions: Endometriosis-associated tumors appear to be associated with overexpression of bcl2 and P53 and reduced expression of Estrogen receptor. These finding may help to diagnose tumoral transformation with a background of endometriosis.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.758-763
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• 2012

As a member of a subclass of immunophilins, it is controversial that FKBP38 acts an upstream regulator of mTOR signaling pathway, which control the process of cell-growth, proliferation and differentiation. In order to explore the relationship between FKBP38 and mTOR in the Cashmere goat (Capra hircus) cells, a full-length cDNA was cloned (GenBank accession number JF714970) and expression pattern was analyzed. The cloned FKBP38 gene is 1,248 bp in length, containing an open reading frame (ORF) from nucleotide 13 to 1,248 which encodes 411 amino acids, and 12 nucleotides in front of the initiation codon. The full cDNA sequence shares 98% identity with cattle, 94% with horse and 90% with human. The putative amino acid sequence shows the higher homology which is 98%, 97% and 94%, correspondingly. The bioinformatics analysis showed that FKBP38 contained a FKBP_C domain, two TPR domains and a TM domain. Psite analysis suggested that the ORF encoding protein contained a leucine-zipper pattern and a Prenyl group binding site (CAAX box). Tissue-specific expression analysis was performed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR and showed that the FKBP38 expression was detected in all the tested tissues and the highest level of mRNA accumulation was detected in testis, suggesting that FKBP38 plays an important role in goat cells.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.265-272
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• 2010

Follicular cystic ovary (FCO) is one of the most frequently diagnosed ovarian diseases and is a major cause of reproductive failure in mammalian species. However, the mechanism by which FCO is induced remains unclear. Genetic alterations which affect the functioning of many kinds of cells and/or tissues could be present in cystic ovaries. In this study, we performed a comparison analysis of gene expression in order to identify new molecules useful in discrimination of bovine FCO with follicular cystic follicles (FCFs). Normal follicles and FCFs were classified based on their sizes (5 to 10 mm and $\geq25mm$). These follicles had granulosa cell layer and theca interna and the hormone $17{\beta}$-estradiol ($E_2$)/ progesterone ($P_4$) ratio in follicles was greater than one. Perifollicular regions including follicles were used for the preparation of RNA or protein. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) that showed greater than a 2-fold change in expression were screened by the annealing control primer (ACP)-based PCR method using $GeneFishing^{TM}$ DEG kits in bovine normal follicles and FCFs. We identified two DEGs in the FCFs: ribosomal protein L15 (RPL15) and microtubule-associated protein 1B (MAP1B) based on BLAST searches of the NCBI GenBank. Consistent with the ACP analysis, semi-quantitative PCR data and Western blot analyses revealed an up-regulation of RPL15 and a down-regulation of MAP1B in FCFs. These results suggest that RPL15 and MAP1B may be involved in the regulation of pathological processes in bovine FCOs and may help to establish a bovine gene data-base for the discrimination of FCOs from normal ovaries.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 2015

Soil column experiments were evaluated effects of silver nanoparticles (i.e., 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/L) on the microbial viability which is strongly associated with the degradation of organic matter, pharmaceutically active compounds(PhACs) and biological oxidation of nitrogenous compounds during river bank filtration. The addition of silver nanoparticles resulted in almost no change in the aqueous matrix. However, the intact cell concentration decreased with addition of silver nanoparticles from 2.5 to 10 mg/L, which accounted for 76% to 82% reduction compared to that of control (silver nanoparticles free surface water). The decrease in adenosine triphosphate was more pronounced; thus, the number and active cells in aqueous phase were concurrently decreased with added silver nanoparticles. Based on the florescence excitation-emission matrix and liquid chromatograph - organic carbon detection analyses, it shows that the removal of protein-like substances was relatively higher than that of humic-like substances, and polysaccharide was substantially reduced. But the extent of those substances removed during soil passage was decreased with the increasing concentration of silver nanoparticles. The attenuation of ionic PhACs ranged from 55% to 80%, depending on the concentration of silver nanoparticles. The attenuation of neutral PhACs ranged between 72% and 77%, which was relatively lower than that observed for the ionic PhACs. The microbial viability was affected by silver nanoparticles, which also resulted in inhibition of nitrifiers.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 1996

Since sequencing of randomly selected cDNA clones has been known to be a powerful approach to obtain information on gene expression pattern in specific cells or tissues, we have analyzed a 3'-directed cDNA library of vegetative mycelia of A. nidulans by single-pass sequencing of hundreds of randomly selected clones. Sequencing of 292 cDNA clones yielded 209 gene signatures (GSs) probably representing highly or lesser expressed genes in the vegetative mycelia. Among the 209 GSs, 25 (79 cDNA clones) appeared more than once and 184 only once. One GS appeared at a highest frequency of 6 times, 2 GSs5 times, 4 GSs 4 times, a GSs 3 times and 16 GSs twice. About 6.6% GSs comprizing of 13 GSs showed alternative polyadenylation. Among 23 redundant GSs, three were common in both mycelia and sexual organs, and 22 were probably mycelia-specific. Out of 209 GSs, 36 were identified in GenBank showing of 70% or greater similaritis. Only six GSs were for A. nidulans genes, and 13 GSs were of DNA or genes encoding cytoplasmic or organellar proteins. This pattern is similar to those in the human HepG2 cell line and in human colonic mucosa, although very few genes for nuclear proteins and for protein synthesis were in A. nidulans.

• Mycobiology
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.122-132
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• 2020

Citric acid is a commercially valuable organic acid widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and beverage industries. In this study, 260 yeast strains were isolated from soil, bread, juices, and fruits wastes and preliminarily screened using bromocresol green agar plates for their ability to produce organic acids. Overall, 251 yeast isolates showed positive results, with yellow halos surrounding the colonies. Citric acid production by 20 promising isolates was evaluated using both free and immobilized cell techniques. Results showed that citric acid production by immobilized cells (30-40 g/L) was greater than that of freely suspended cells (8-19 g/L). Of the 20 isolates, two (KKU-L42 and KKU-L53) were selected for further analysis based on their citric acid production levels. Immobilized KKU-L42 cells had a higher citric acid production rate (62.5%), while immobilized KKU-L53 cells showed an ~52.2% increase in citric acid production compared with free cells. The two isolates were accurately identified by amplification and sequence analysis of the 26S rRNA gene D1/D2 domain, with GenBank-based sequence comparison confirming that isolates KKU-L42 and KKU-L53 were Candida tropicalis and Pichia kluyveri, respectively. Several factors, including fermentation period, pH, temperature, and carbon and nitrogen source, were optimized for enhanced production of citric acid by both isolates. Maximum production was achieved at fermentation period of 5 days at pH 5.0 with glucose as a carbon source by both isolates. The optimum incubation temperature for citric acid production by C. tropicalis was 32 ℃, with NH₄Cl the best nitrogen source, while maximum citric acid by P. kluyveri was observed at 27 ℃ with (NH₄)₂ SO₄ as the nitrogen source. Citric acid production was maintained for about four repeated batches over a period of 20 days. Our results suggest that apple and banana wastes are potential sources of novel yeast strains; C. tropicalis and P. kluyveri which could be used for commercial citric acid production.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.728-732
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• 2007

In the present article, a novel fusion expression vector for Escherichia coli was developed based on the pTORG plasmid, a derivative of pET32a. This vector, named pT7MT(GenBank Accession No DQ504436), carries a T7 promoter and it drives the downstream gene encoding Metallothionein 2A(MT2A). There are in-framed multiple cloning sites(MCS) downstream of the MT2A gene. A target gene can be cloned into the MCS and fused to the C-terminal of the MT2A gene in a compatible open reading frame(ORF) to achieve fusion expression. The metal-binding capability of MT2A allows the purification of fusion proteins by metal chelating affinity chromatography, known as $Ni^{2+}$-affinity chromatography. Using this expression vector, we successfully got the stable and high-yield expression of MT2A-GST and MT2A-Troponin I fusion proteins. These two proteins were easily purified from the supernatant of cell lysates by one-step $Ni^{2+}$-affinity chromatography. The final yields of MT2A-GST and MT2A-Troponin I were 30mg/l and 28mg/l in LB culture, respectively. Taken together, our data suggest that pT7MT can be applied as a useful expression vector for stable and high-yield production of fusion proteins.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.397-403
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• 2017

Objective : Cranioplasty using a cryopreserved skull flap is a wide spread practice. The most well-known complications of cranioplasty are postoperative surgical infections and bone flap resorption. In order to find biological evidence of cryopreserved cranioplasty, we investigated microorganism contamination of cryopreserved skulls and cultured osteoblasts from cryopreserved skulls. Methods : Cryopreserved skull flaps of expired patients stored in a bone bank were used. Cryopreserved skulls were packaged in a plastic bag and wrapped with cotton cloth twice. After being crushed by a hammer, cancellous bone between the inner and outer table was obtained. The cancellous bone chips were thawed in a water bath of $30^{\circ}C$ rapidly. After this, osteoblast culture and general microorganism culture were executed. Osteoblast cultures were done for 3 weeks. Microorganism cultures were done for 72 hours. Results : A total of 47 cryopreserved skull flaps obtained from craniectomy was enrolled. Of the sample, 11 people were women, and the average age of patients was 55.8 years. Twenty four people had traumatic brain injuries, and 23 people had vascular diseases. Among the patients with traumatic brain injuries, two had fracture compound comminuted depressed. The duration of cryopreservation was, on average, 83.2 months (9 to 161 months). No cultured osteoblast was observed. No microorganisms were cultured. Conclusion : In this study, neither microorganisms nor osteoblasts were cultured. The biological validity of cryopreserved skulls cranioplasty was considered low. However, the usage of cryopreserved skulls for cranioplasty is worthy of further investigation in the aspect of cost-effectiveness and risk-benefit of post-cranioplasty infection.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.23-29
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• 2012

To recently, light of the sun and fuel cell etc. which is new and renewable energy is developed with the direct current energy source mostly. And it is necessary that the utilization plan which does supply it properly. In this case, the direct current illumination system can be a typical alternative of it. The system similar to the development system is composed of type which connects to each other the photovoltaic pannel, the charge kit, and the battery bank. I develop all-in-one system which the power supply system and photovoltaic pannel which can charge and use efficiently. Additionally, I exploit the DC lamp module of three wave which can separate the electronic ballasts from the module. Developed the DC Lamp module of all-in-one which can turn on or can turn off, by operation of ON/OFF button. It can be used semipermanently by changing just only electronic ballasts.