• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.664-678
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• 2013

This study aims to investigate gifted students' explanations for daily celestial motion from the Earth-based and heliocentric frames of reference. Eleven sixth-grade elementary school students were chosen for this study and data was collected through a questionnaire and an in-depth interview. The collected data was analyzed into celestial objects which are the Sun, the moon and the stars and analyzed based on the Earth-based and heliocentric perspectives again. As a result of the research, most gifted students were able to connect the Earth-based and heliocentric frames of reference with the Sun's daily apparent motion. However, they understood the daily apparent motion of the moon and the stars far less frequently compared to the Sun's motion and could not explain the Earth's rotation clearly. The result of the interview showed that the lack of understanding about the daily celestial motion was caused by inaccurate understanding of the Earth's rotation such as using memorized knowledge learned in school and guessing the answer.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.179-197
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• 2015

이 연구에서는 천체의 운동을 이해하는데 공간적 사고가 중요한 역할을 하는 사고임을 전제로, 실제 천문 관련 수업에서 공간적 사고가 어떻게 다루어지고 있는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 초등학교 5학년 태양계와 별 단원 수업에 대한 네 교사들의 수업을 공간적 사고 측면에서 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 천체의 운동을 온전히 이해하기 위해서는 학생과 교사가 관측의 기준점과 방위를 명시적으로 공유하는 것이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 지구기반 관점과 우주기반 관점을 학생에게 동시에 제공하는 것이 천체의 운동을 이해시키는데 도움이 되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 이 연구에서는 학생들이 천체의 운동을 이해하고 공간적 사고를 키우기 위하여 첫째, 관측 기준점과 방위를 명확히 제시하는 수업, 둘째, 지구기반 관점과 우주기반 관점을 동시에 제시하여 운동의 상대성을 체험시키는 수업, 셋째, 운동을 주제로 천체의 운동을 설명하는 수업이 필요함을 논의하였다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.461-468
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• 2005

본 연구의 목적은 초등학교 6학년 학생들의 공간능력과 천체운동개념 및 과학탐구능력의 관계를 알아보고 학생들에게 천체운동개념을 쉽게 이해시키기 위한 교수$\cdot$학습 전략을 찾는데 도움을 주고자 하는데 있다. 연구 결과 첫째, 공간능력과 천체운동개념, 과학탐구능력 성취도에서 남학생이 여학생보다 약간 높게 나타났으나 그 차이는 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 둘째, 공간능력과 천체운동개념과의 영향력을 분석한 결과 공간능력은 학생들의 천체운동 개념 이해에 영향력을 갖고 있었다. 천체운동개념에 영향을 미치는 공간능력 하위 요소는 도형유추, 도막세기, 회전등이었다. 셋째, 공간능력은 과학탐구능력의 성취도에 매우 높은 영향력을 갖고 있었으며, 특히 과학탐구능력에 영향을 미치는 공간능력 하위요소는 도막세기가 가장 높았고, 단일요소보다는 여러 요소들이 상호 복합적으로 작용할 때 그 영향력이 더 크게 나타났다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

This study investigated pre-service elementary teachers' understanding of the planetary revolution movement of Mars and their explanatory models to show how the Sun-Earth-Mars system worked. An assessment item set using five celestial maps drawn from the Stellarium was designed to probe pre-service teachers' understanding of the prograde-retrograde motion of Mars. Among 23 participants, only four showed scientifically accurate understanding of Mars movement and drawing correct explanatory models for the planetary movement. Even the pre-service teachers who construed correctly prograde and retrograde motions of Mars showed a clockwise movement model due to their intuitive perceptions of Mars movement data from the celestial maps. Pre-service teachers with poor understanding of planetary movement also showed weak explanatory models due to their limited observation or lower spatial thinking. Although the planetary motion is not an easy topic for pre-service elementary teachers, it can be argued if the alternative approach, such as using appropriate observational data of a planet and changing the frames of reference between Earth-based view and Space-based view, is employed effectively in teaching planetary motion, pre-service teachers can reach the upper level of leaning planetary motion in terms of the planet's revolution.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.309-322
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• 2018

There is no doubt that science -and, therefore, science education- is central to the lives of all (NGSS, 2013). This manuscript focuses on ideas in astronomy that are at the foundation of elementary students' understanding of the discipline: the apparent motion of the sun explaining the day / night cycle on Earth. According to prior research demonstrating that neither children nor adults hold a scientific understanding of the big ideas of astronomy (NRC, 1996), understanding of concepts may base students' progress towards more advanced understanding in the domain of astronomy. We have analyzed the logic of the domain and synthesized prior research assessing children's spatial representation from an earth- and a space based perspective to develop a set of learning trajectories that describe how students' initial ideas about apparent celestial motion as they take school science can be build upon. In this study elementary students' representations were compared by their resident context including urban and rural. This study may present a first look at the use of a learning progression framework in analyzing the structure of astronomy education. We discuss how this work may eventually lead towards the development and empirical testing of how children learn to describe and explain apparent patterns of celestial motion.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2013

Honsangui (celestial globe) which is a water-hammering method astronomical clock is recorded in "Juhaesuyong" which is Volume VI of supplement from "Damheonseo", written by Hong Dae-Yong (1731~1783). We made out the conceptual design of Hong Dae-Yong's Honsangui through the study on its structure and working mechanism. Honsangui consist of three rings and two layers, the structure of rings which correspond to outer layer is similar to his own Tongcheonui (armillary sphere) which is a kind of armillary sphere. Honsang sphere which correspond to inner layer depicts constellations and milky way and two beads hang on it as Sun and Moon respectively for realize the celestial motion. Tongcheonui is operated by the pendulum power but Honsangui is operated by water-hammering method mechanism. This Honsangui's working mechanism is the traditional way of Joseon and it was simplified the working mechanism of Shui y$\ddot{u}$n i hsiang t'ai which is a representative astronomical clock of China. This record of Honsangui is the only historical record about the water-hammering method working mechanism of Joseon Era and it provide the study of water-hammering method mechanism with a vital clue.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.171-182
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• 2017

In this study, the internal structure of a Heumgyeonggak-nu (欽敬閣漏) was designed, and the power transmission mechanism was analyzed. Heumgyeonggak-nu is an automated water clock from the Joseon Dynasty that was installed within Heumgyeonggak (欽敬閣), and it was manufactured in the $20^{th}$ year of the reign of King Sejong (1438). As descriptions of Heumgyeonggak-nu in ancient literature have mostly focused on its external shape, the study of its internal mechanism has been difficult. A detailed analysis of the literature record on Heumgyeonggak-nu (e.g., The Annals of the Joseon Dynasty) indicates that Heumgyeonggak-nu had a three-stage water clock, included a waterfall or tilting vessel (欹器) using the overflowed water, and displayed the time using a ball. In this study, the Cheonhyeong apparatus, water wheel, scoop, and various mechanism wheels were designed so that 16 fixed-type scoops could operate at a constant speed for the water wheel with a diameter of 100 cm. As the scoop can contain 1.25 l of water and the water wheel rotates 61 times a day, a total of 1,220 l of water is required. Also, the power gear wheel was designed as a 366-tooth gear, which supported the operation of the time signal gear wheel. To implement the movement of stars on the celestial sphere, the rotation ratio of the celestial gear wheel to the diurnal motion gear ring was set to 366:365. In addition, to operate the sun movement apparatus on the ecliptic, a gear device was installed on the South Pole axis. It is expected that the results of this study can be used for the manufacture and restoration of the operation model of Heumgyeonggak-nu.

• 천문학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.49-60
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• 2007

This paper deals with the theory for rotational motion of a two-layer Earth model (an inelastic mantle and liquid core) including the dissipation in the mantle-core boundary(CMB) along with tidal effects produced by Moon and Sun. An analytical solution being derived using Hori's perturbation technique at a second order Hamiltonian. Numerical nutation series will be deduced from the theory.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.11-20
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• 2019

Being a torque free motion of the rotating Earth, Chandler wobble is the major component in the Earth's polar motion with amplitude about 0.05-0.2 arcsec and period about 430-435 days. Free core nutation, also called nearly diurnal free wobble, exists due to the elliptical core-mantle boundary in the Earth and takes almost the whole part of un-modelled variation of the Earth's pole in the celestial sphere beside precession and nutation. We hereby present a brief summary of their theories and report their recent features acquired from updated datasets (EOP C04 and ECMWF) by using Fourier transform, modelling, and wavelet analysis. Our new findings include (1) period-instability of free core nutation between 420 and 450 days as well as its large amplitude-variation, (2) re-determined Chandler period and its quality factor, (3) fast decrease in Chandler amplitude after 2010.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.125-144
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• 2018

이 연구의 목적은 순위 선다형 문항을 이용하여 초 중 고 학생들의 천문학적 사고 수준을 파악하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 각각 3개의 공간적 사고와 시스템 사고 측정 문항으로 구성된 검사지를 구성하고, 이를 강원도 소재 12개 학교 5학년, 8학년, 11학년 학생 총 1,066명을 대상으로 투입하였다. 수집된 학생 응답 자료를 고전 검사 이론의 추리 통계와 문항 반응 이론의 Rasch 모델에 적용하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다; 첫째, 천문학적 사고 중 공간적 사고 수준은 천체의 공간 위치와 방향은 파악할 수 있지만 2차원 평면에서의 천체 운동을 3차원으로 변환하지 못하는 것으로 나타났으며, 학년에 따라 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 없는 것으로 분석되었다. 둘째, 천문학적 사고 중 시스템 사고 수준은 천체의 운동 시스템을 구성하는 요소와 요소 간 연관은 파악할 수 있으나 시스템의 경향성은 파악하지 못하는 것으로 나타났으며, 공간적 사고와는 달리 학년에 따라 통계적으로 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 셋째, 특정 상황(내용)에서 발현되는 천문학적 사고가 학년에 관계없이 매우 유사한 것으로 나타났으며, 이를 통해 천문학적 사고의 상황(내용) 의존성을 확인할 수 있었다. 이 연구 결과들은 학교 수업에서 천문학적 사고 수준을 높일 수 있는 방법을 탐색하기 위한 기초 연구 자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.