• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2016

Premature babies of less than 37 weeks gestation might require oxygen therapy as an integral part of treatment and respiratory support. Because of their under-developed lungs, these so-called "preemies" might contract respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). To treat RDS, neonatal oxygen therapy is administered, where controlled oxygen gas is measured as a fraction of inspired oxygen ($FiO_2$). However, exposure to high oxygen content during long treatment could cause oxygen intoxication, which might cause permanent blindness due to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), whereas insufficient oxygen exposure could cause severe hypoxia. A doctor would use oxygen saturation ($SpO_2$) data and prescribe a dose of $FiO_2$ to maintain $SpO_2$ within a suitable range. One objective is to maintain $SpO_2$ within the acceptable range using $FiO_2$ that is as low as possible. Adjustment of $FiO_2$ would normally be done by nurses every 15 to 30 minutes, which might not be safe in many situations. An error in $FiO_2$ adjustment during a manual procedure could be as large as +/- 2.5%. This paper presents a system that can determine an $FiO_2$ value suitable to the current $SpO_2$ and that automatically adjusts $FiO_2$ with an error clearance of +/- 0.25%.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.135-141
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• 2005

Hyperhidrosis of the palms and soles is a disorder characterized by excessive sweating that occurs in the hands and feet and that cause severe psychological, social and/or professional disability. The pathophysiological cause is still unknown but the condition is related to over-activity in the Sympathetic Nervous System. We experienced four young patients with hyperhidrosis of the palms and soles that was thought to be initiated by emotional distress, nervousness, stressful situation and anxiety. In the point of Differentiation of Syndrome, this subject was diagnosed as consumptive fever of the Heart and a weakness of the Spleen and damp heat, and was administrated with Yangshimtang-Gamibang. After treatment of herbal medicine and acupuncture, hyperhidrosis and other symptoms of patients were improved.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.57 no.12
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• pp.505-513
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• 2014

While the survival of extremely premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome has increased due to advanced respiratory care in recent years, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. NEC is more prevalent in lower gestational age and lower birth weight groups. It is characterized by various degrees of mucosal or transmural necrosis of the intestine. Its exact pathogenesis remains unclear, but prematurity, enteral feeding, bacterial products, and intestinal ischemia have all been shown to cause activation of the inflammatory cascade, which is known as the final common pathway of intestinal injury. Awareness of the risk factors for NEC; practices to reduce the risk, including early trophic feeding with breast milk and following the established feeding guidelines; and administration of probiotics have been shown to reduce the incidence of NEC. Despite advancements in the knowledge and understanding of the pathophysiology of NEC, there is currently no universal prevention measure for this serious and often fatal disease. Therefore, new potential techniques to detect early biomarkers or factors specific to intestinal inflammation, as well as further strategies to prevent the activation of the inflammatory cascade, which is important for disease progression, should be investigated.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 1997

Dementia is defined as a syndrome which is characterized by various impairments in cognitive functions, especially memory function. Most of the diagnostic criteria for dementia include memory impairment as on essential feature. Memory decline can be present as a consequence of the aging process. But it does not cause significant distress or impairment in social and occupational functionings while dementiadoes. Depression may also be associated with memory impairment. However, unlike dementia, depression dose not cause decrease in delayed verbal learning and recognition memory. In dementia, different features of memory impairment may be present depending on the involved area. Memory impairment in cortical dementia is affected by the disturbance of encoding of information and memory consolidation, while memory imparnene in subcortical denentiy is affected by the disturbance of retrieval in subcortical dementia.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.148-150
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• 1996

Transmesenteric hernia, a type of internal hernias, is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction. This intraperitoneal hernia has no sac and is formed by protrusion of a loop of bowel through an aperture in the mesentery. Incarceration leads to intestinal obstruction and subsequently, strangulation and gangrene of varing lengths of intestine. This is a case report of 4-year-old girl with transmesenteric herniation of the terminal ileum through a defect in its own mesentery. Strangulation of the affected bowel necessitates resection and primary anastomosis with repair of mesenteric defect. The postoperative course was uneventful. Acute intestinal obstruction in the absence of an external hernia and with no history of a previous surgical procedure suggests the possibility of an internal hernia, especially if the patient has a history of chronic intermittent abdominal distress.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.78 no.4
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• pp.423-427
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• 2015

Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a clinical manifestation that consists of multiple organ dysfunction due to fat emboli. FES occurs as a complication after trauma or procedures such as surgery. The diagnostic criteria of FES have not yet been established, so clinical criteria are used for its diagnosis. The clinical course of acute fulminant FES can be rapid. Liposuction surgery, in which adipocytes are mechanically disrupted, is one cause of FES. As the number of liposuction surgeries increases, clinicians should be aware of the possibility of FES. This was the first report of a case of acute fulminant FES with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome after liposuction surgery, in Korea.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.38-42
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• 2014

Traumatic diaphragmatic rupture is quite uncommon and rarely lethal injury. However, delayed presentation between the injury and the diagnosis can cause a life-threatening condition with various complications such as intestinal hernia, obstruction, strangulation, respiratory distress. Here, we present a case of delayed presentation of traumatic diaphragmatic rupture in a 51-year-old man, and then discuss about the clinical implication of delayed presentation of diaphragmatic rupture with a review.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.389-396
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• 2017

Concrete pavements are subjected to traffic and environmental loadings. Repetitive type of such loading cause fatigue distress which leads to failure by forming cracks in pavement. Fatigue life of concrete pavement is calculated from the stress ratio (i.e. the ratio of applied flexural stress to the flexural strength of concrete). For the correct estimation of fatigue life, it is necessary to determine the maximum flexural tensile stress developed for practical loading conditions. Portland cement association PCA (1984) and Indian road congress IRC 58 (2015) has given charts and tables to determine maximum edge stresses for particular loading and subgrade conditions. It is difficult to determine maximum stresses for intermediate loading and subgrade conditions. The main purpose of this study is to simplify the analysis of rigid pavement without compromising the accuracy. Equations proposed for determination of maximum flexural tensile stress of pavement are verified by finite element analysis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.321-324
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• 2007

Pneumocystis (P.) carinii is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of many animal species and human, which can cause fatal pneumonia in immunocompromised individuals. Three 100-day-old pigs with progressive atrophy, anorexia and respiratory distress were submitted to the Cheju National University for diagnosis. Grossly, the lungs were enlarged with rubbery consistency. Histopathologically, the lungs were characterized by diffuse interstitial pneumonia with thickening of alveolar septa due to infiltration of macrophages and lymphocytes. Alveolar lumens were filled with a foamy eosinophilic proteinaceous material in which numerous punctiform organisms. The organisms were demonstrated as P. carinii by Grocott-methenamine-silver staining and immunohistochemistry in lungs of two pigs. In our best knowledge, this is believed to be the first report of P. carinii pneumonia in pigs in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.84-86
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• 2016

Globus pharyngeus or globus sensation is the painless sensation of a lump in the throat and may be described as a foreign body sensation, a tightening or choking feeling. It is often associated with persistent clearing of the throat, chronic cough, hoarseness, and catarrh. Its etiology remains unclear ; however, laryngopharyngeal reflux may play a role in a subset of patients. Psychogenic problems have often been thought to cause or trigger the globus sensation. Personality studies have found higher levels of alexithymia, neuroticism, and psychological distress (including anxiety, low mood, and somatic concerns) and lower levels of extraversion in patients presenting with globus. Globus patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux exhibited weaker psychological symptoms than non- laryngopharyngeal reflux globus patients, and globus patients who did not respond to proton pump inhibitor had significantly higher anxiety scores. In cases with negative clinical investigations and consistent globus symptom, other treatment strategies, including speech therapy, antidepressants, and cognitive-behavioral therapy, should be considered.